Epidemiological Determinants of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Disease Pandemic and The Role of the Bacille-Calmette-Guerin Vaccine in Reducing Morbidity and Mortality
effectors, Epidemiology, poverty, BCG vaccine, PPP, TB, CVD, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
This study analyzed the determinants of morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rate (CFR) of the ongoingpandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data for 210countries and territories available in public domains were analyzed in relation to mandatory vaccinationwith Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG), population density, median age of the country population, healthcare expenditure per capita, life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy, literacy rate, per capitagross domestic production adjusted to purchasing power (PPP), burden of tuberculosis (TB), acquiredimmunodeficiency disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-AIDS), malaria, cardiovasculardisease (CVD), neoplasm, diabetes, deaths due to energy-protein (food) deficiency (EPD), and percapita government spending on safe water and sanitation. Mandatory BCG vaccination showed ahighly significant (p
Kuldeep Dhama, Bhoj R. Singh, Dharmender Kumar, Dharmendra K. Sinha, R. Karthikeyan, Shiv Varan Singh, Akanksha Yadav, Vinodh Kumar O.R., Richa Gandharva, Varsha Jayakumar, Sumedha Gandharava
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology