The Association between Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccinations and SARS-Cov-2 Infection: Data from the EPICOVID19 Web-Based Survey
covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, influenza vaccination, Pneumococcal vaccination, Web-based survey, nasopharyngeal swab testing
The present study aims to evaluate whether influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are associated with positive nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) testing to detect SARS-CoV-2. Data from the Italian cross-sectional web-based survey (EPICOVID19), based on a self-selection sample of individuals aged ≥18, were considered. The probability of a positive SARS-CoV-2 NPS test result as a function of influenza or anti-pneumococcal vaccination was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, stratifying analysis by age (
Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Claudio Pedone, Mauro Di Bari, Marianna Noale, Caterina Trevisan, Stefania Maggi, Fulvio Adorni, Nithiya Jesuthasan, Aleksandra Sojic, Massimo Galli, Andrea Giacomelli, Sabrina Molinaro, Fabrizio Bianchi, Claudio Mastroianni, Federica Prinelli, on behalf of the EPICOVID19 Working Group