Factores fisiológicos y sociales asociados a la masa corporal de jóvenes mexicanos con discapacidad intelectual Physiological and social factors associated with increments of body mass of Mexican young people with intellectual disabilities
Anthropometry, Antropometria, Determinantes epidemiológicos, Down Syndrome, Epidemiological determinant, Intellectual Disability, Síndrome de Down, body mass index, discapacidad intelectual, Índice de masa corporal
Introducción: Estudios sobre el estado de salud y nutrición de Mexicanos con discapacidad intelectual (DI) incluyendo aquellos con Síndrome de Down (SD), son escasos. Objetivo: Analizar algunos factores fisiológicos y sociales asociados a la masa corporal de jóvenes con DI del norte de México. Métodos: A 57 jóvenes con DI (17 ± 5 años, SD = 16%) y al menos uno de sus tutores, se les midió su peso, talla, y otras variables antropométricas. Se determinó su IMC (kg/m²), somatotipo y estado nutricio mediante 3 criterios internacionales y glucosa, colesterol total y triacilglicéridos plasmáticos. Al tutor se le aplicó un cuestionario socioeconómico, de inseguridad alimentaria y conocimientos de nutrición. Resultados: Los participantes con SD eran 12 cm más pequeños y median 6 mm más de pliegue subscapular (PSECP) que aquellos con otra DI (p < 0,05). El sobrepeso-obesidad estuvo presente en 70 y 44%, respectivamente. Los parámetros bioquímicos fueron similares entre grupos, pero 25% tenía alguna dislipidemia. El IMC del participante correlacionó (p < 0,01) con varios indicadores antropométricos y de adiposidad (r = 0,40 a 0,88), plasmáticos [triacilglicéridos (r = 0,48), colesterol total (r = 0,44)] y edad del participante y tutor (r = 0,35). El gasto en alimentos correlaciono con PSECP del participante (r = -0,33, p < 0,05). La circunferencia de cadera, cintura, pantorrilla y PSECP, explicaron el 89% de la varianza del IMC. Conclusión: La masa corporal de jóvenes con DI del norte de México se relaciona fuertemente con el grado de adiposidad corporal, con dislipidemias y con factores socioeconómicos de su entorno familiar.Introduction: Studies on the state of health and nutrition of Mexicans with intellectual disability (ID) including those with Down syndrome (DS), are scarce. Objective: To analyze some physiological and social factors associated with the body mass of young people with ID from northern México. Methods: Body weight, height and other anthropometric values were measured in fifty seven young (17 ± 5 years) participants with ID (DS,16%) and at least one guardian. BMI (kg/m²), somatotype and nutritional status were established by three international standards and total blood glucose, cholesterol & triacylglycerides, were also analyzed. Guardian's socio-economic, household food insecurity and nutrition literacy status were estimated with validated questionnaires by direct interview. Results: Participants with SD were 12 cm smaller but subscapular skinfold (SECPS) was 6 mm thicker than that from other ID participants (p < 0.05). Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 70 and 44%, respectively. Blood biochemicals were similar between groups, but 25% had dyslipidemias. Participant's BMI correlated (p < 0,01) with several anthropometric & adiposity indicators (r = 0,40 a 0,88 ), blood triglycerides (r = 0,48 ) and cholesterol (r = 0,44) and guardians & participants' age (r = 0,35). The spending in food correlated (p < 0.05) with participant's SECPS (r = -0.33). The circumference of the waist, hip, calf and PSECP, 89% of the variance of the BMI explained. Conclusion: The body mass of young people with DI from northern Mexico, is strongly related to the degree of body adiposity, dyslipidemias, and some socio-economic factors of their family environment.
A. Ramos-Jiménez, A. Wall-Medrano, R. P. Hernández-Torres
Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases
On Reduced Consumption of Fossil Fuels in 2020 and Its Consequences in the Global Environment and Exergy Demand
covid-19, resources, environment, Fossil Fuels, exergy, life cycle assessment (LCA)
: As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a sudden and abrupt change in global energy landscape. Traditional fossil fuels that serve as the linchpin of modern civilization have found their consumption has rapidly fallen across most categories due to strict lockdown and stringent measures that have been adopted to suppress the disease. These changes consequently steered various environmental benefits across the world in recent time. The present article is an attempt to investigate these environmental benefits and reversals that have been materialized in this unfolding situation due to reduced consumption of fossil fuels. The life cycle assessment tool was used hereby to evaluate nine environmental impacts and one energy based impact. These impacts include ozone formation (terrestrial ecosystems), terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, land use, mineral resources scarcity, and cumulative exergy demand. Outcomes from the study demonstrate that COVID-19 has delivered impressive changes in global environment and life cycle exergy demand, with about 11–25% curtailment in all the above-mentioned impacts in 2020 in comparison to their corresponding readings in 2019.
A. Rashedi, Taslima Khanam, Mirjam Jonkman
The role of the water voles (Arvicola, Rodentia) in the Quatemary
Cuaternario, Esmalte, arvicólidos, ecología, mamíferos, sistemática
Los arvicólidos son roedores que tienen la morfología de la corona de los dientes formada por una secuencia de pliegues de esmalte que se asemeja a la curva y=sen f(x). Las especies actuales del género Arvicola cumplen en la morfología del molar mI, seis criterios que son independientes de la talla. El examen de las poblaciones de arvicólidos sin raíz, procedentes del Pleistoceno inferior, indica la existencia de molares con una morfología idéntica a la de los ejemplares vivos de Arvicola, pero con menor talla. La existencia de esta identidad permite proponer la hipótesis de poblaciones primitivas del género Arvicola con pequeña talla durante el Pleistoceno Inferior. Estas han pasado desapercibidas entre las poblaciones de Allophaiomys. a causa de su identidad morfológica entre ambos. La hipótesis de la existencia de Arvicola en el Pleistoceno Inferior supone un profundo cambio en el concepto de Allophaiomys como género y convierte la talla de Arvicola, por su continuo crecimiento durante todo el Pleistoceno, en un útil instrumento cronológico.
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
http://estudiosgeol.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgeol/article/view/183
Specifics of the perioperative management of the patients undergoing surgery for malignant neoplasms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Background: The worse prognosis in cancer patients with COVID-19 infection in the context of the pandemic, compared to that in the general population, poses new challenges to ensure the perioperative safety.Aim: To reduce the risk of infection for cancer patients in the perioperative period and to prevent severe COVID-19.Materials and methods: During two months of the COVID-19 (from March to April 2020), we performed 158 surgical interventions: 49 for breast cancer, 31 for lung cancer (videothoracoscopic segmental and lobar resections), 12 for stomach cancer (8 distal and 1 proximal laparoscopic subtotal gastric resections, 3 gastrectomies), 16 laparoscopic resections for colorectal cancer, 29 resections with a reconstructive plastic for malignant skin tumors, 21 palliative and diagnostic operations (diagnostic thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, laparoscopic colostomy).Results: Preventive administration during preparation for surgery (interferon-al-pha2b and low molecular weight heparins) and for suspected infection (antibiotics, low molecular weight heparins and dexamethasone 12 mg/day intravenously) allowed for lower rates of the new coronavirus infection (1.3%) and its severe cases (0%) during surgical treatment of malignant tumors.Conclusion: Surgical treatment of cancer patients in the context of a new coronavirus infection pandemic should be carried out with strict adherence to anti-epidemic measures.
A. S. Allakhverdyan, A. N. Anipchenko, N. N. Anipchenko
COMPOUNDS OF BISMUTH AND ITS PORPHYRINE COMPLEXES: APPLICATION, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
bismuth, porphyrins, bismuth complexes, dimer structures, Leishmaniasis, SARS, coronaviral infection
Bismuth and its compounds have been known since ancient times and now are widely used in practice in various fields. Bismuth use in medicine can be traced back to the Middle Ages, and its wide application is due to its very low toxicity - for most bismuth compounds it is less than for sodium chloride. Bismuth and its compounds, in particular salts, are used in medical practice in the treatment of diseases such as spirochetosis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, leishmaniasis and coronaviral infection, as well as in cancer therapy. In addition to solid preparations liquid peroral pharmaceutical forms have been developed for the treatment of diarrhea, colitis, ulcers etc. Bismuth preparations are used in stomatology for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of paradontium. The review considers the syntheses and properties of bismuth complexes with natural and synthetic porphyrins, which are used in medicine and other fields of science and technology. Considerable attention is paid to the structure features of bismuth porphyrins complexes, their dimeric structures, and the influence of various extra ligands. The counterion nature and structure make a substantial contribution in solving the problem of complexes stability. The central bismuth atom in these complexes extends far above the plane of the macrocycle due to the large ionic radius. Thus, the counterions action on the conformation, physicochemical properties and stability of metal porphyrins complexes is shown. A separate section is devoted to unique and interesting properties of bismuth porphyrins complexes, such as fluorescence and color variation of crystals.
A. S. Gorshkova, V. D. Rumyantseva, A. F. Mironov
MIREA - Russian Technological University
Feline Coronavirus 3c Protein: A Candidate for a Virulence Marker?
Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is highly virulent and responsible for the highly fatal disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), whereas feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) is widespread among the feline population and typically causes asymptomatic infections. Some candidates for genetic markers capable of differentiating these two pathotypes of a unique virus (feline coronavirus) have been proposed by several studies. In the present survey, in order to search for markers that can differentiate FECV and FIPV, several clones of the 3a–c, E, and M genes were sequenced from samples obtained from cats with or without FIP. All genes showed genetic diversity and suggested the presence of FCoV mutant spectrum capable of producing a virulent pathotype in an individual-specific way. In addition, all the feline coronavirus FIPV strains demonstrated a truncated 3c protein, and the 3c gene was the only observed pathotypic marker for FCoVs, showing that 3c gene is a candidate marker for the distinction between the two pathotypes when the mutant spectrum is taken into account.
A. S. Hora, P. O. Tonietti, S. A. Taniwaki, K. M. Asano, P. Maiorka, L. J. Richtzenhain, P. E. Brandão
AN EARLY ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICACY OF MEDICINES IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COVID - 19
chloroquine, Clinical trials, Monoclonal Antibodies, hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Coronavirus infection, remdesivir, COVID-19
Coronavirus disease-2019 is considered the very recent challenge to world community. While still lacking specific vaccines, the healthcare system is in urgent need for effective and safe medical drugs. We have evaluated the medical technologies for COVID-19 which are under study now. The search was conducted on СlinicalTrials.gov until the start of April 2020. Hence, it was shown that the worldwide rise in new clinical trials concerning COVID-19 is increasing by 65% per week. The interventional Phase II and III clinical trials are more often performed. Most studies are scheduled or conducted in Western Europe (n = 92), China (n = 79), and the United States (n = 51). Surrogate outcome points are usually evaluated, such as clinical recovery, recovery based on clinical scores of symptoms (fever, cough, diarrhea, myalgia, shortness of breath), lack of dyspnea progression, rate of artificial ventilation, rates of admission to the ICU, etc. Antimalarial drugs that are mostly studied. At the present time, it is not possible to discuss efficacy and safety of any drug in the COVID-19 treatment, since most studies are launched quiet recently. The therapeutic regimens proposed now in clinical recommendations are not evidence-based, and appropriate studies are, at best, still considered hypothetic.
Socio-economic burden of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation
coronavirus, covid-19, economic modeling, Russian Federation, socio-economic burden of disease
Purpose. Assessment of the socio-economic burden of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation (RF). Materials and methods. Identification and assessment of direct medical, direct non-medical costs, as well as indirect costs associated with the development of the coronavirus infection epidemic. When calculating the socio-economic burden, the prevalence-based calculation approach was chosen. The sources of data on the epidemiology of the disease were data from the Ministry of Health and data from the Government of the Russian Federation. Results. The socio-economic burden of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation will amount to 4.6 trillion rubles ($71.1 billion) or 4 % from GDP. In the cost structure, more than half of the costs are direct non-medical expenses (58.62 %), indirect expenses due to GDP losses are 40.65 %, direct medical expenses are only less than 1 % (0.74 %). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the extension of the self-isolation period from 1 month to 1.5 and 2 months will lead to an increase in the share of indirect expenses from 40.65 % (1 month) to 56.08 (1.5 months) and 67.76 % (2 months) for all expenses in connection with the COVID-19 epidemic. At the same time, the socio-economic burden of COVID-19 will amount to 6.2 and 8.5 trillion rubles, respectively. Conclusions. The epidemic of a novel coronavirus infection will lead to great economic losses in the Russian society.
A. S. Kolbin, D. Yu. Belousov, Yu. M. Gomon, Yu. E. Balykina, I. G. Ivanov
Pharmacy and materia medica, Medical technology
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome
coronavirus, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, disseminated intravascular coagulation, low molecular weight heparin, DIC, anticoagulant therapy, LMWH
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that in 2020 has spread worldwide. In most severe patients, the clinical picture begins with respiratory failure further deteriorating up to multiple organ failure. Development of coagulopathy is the most adverse prognostic. Analyzing currently available clinical data revealed that 71.4 % and 0.6 % of survivors and fatal cases, respectively, demonstrated signs of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Monitoring D-dimer level, prothrombin time, platelet count and fibrinogen content is important for determining indications for treatment and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. In case such parameters deteriorate, a more pro-active “aggressive” intensive care should be applied. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) should be administered to all patients with diagnosed COVID-19 infection (including non-critical patients) requiring hospitalization, but having no contraindications to LMWH.
A. S. Shkoda, A. D. Makatsariya, V. O. Bitsadze, J. Kh. Khizroeva, K. N. Grigoreva, M. A. Mingalimov, M. V. Tretyakova, I. Elalamy, V. B. Nemirovskiy, D. V. Blinov, D. V. Mitryuk
Guía estratégica sobre la base de reservas en alternativas de la ganadería cubana, para enfrentar la crisis económica global y el cambio climático
Pastizales, Recursos humanos, eficiência, explotación bovina, manejo, sostenibilidad, tecnología
El estudio se elaboró a partir de resultados del desarrollo de la ganadería bovina, en lo referente a algunas estrategias en el uso de tecnologías foráneas, no apropiadas para nuestras condiciones climáticas y socioeconómicas. Se muestra, de forma muy general, la situación de los países desarrollados y del Tercer Mundo, ante la recesión económica, con relación a la ganadería. Se detalla una guía para incrementar la sostenibilidad y eficiencia de las tecnologías, principalmente, en la ganadería bovina, en las que se señalan y discuten los aspectos fundamentales de las estrategias más adecuadas para las condiciones de la región; así como tecnologías de procesos más apropiadas para las condiciones actuales, en las que el mayor y más eficiente uso de los recursos internos representa la base fundamental para convertir la debilidad que significa la baja eficiencia de nuestras áreas de ganadería bovina, en una fortaleza, en la que el papel que jugará el alto potencial de los recursos humanos será determinante. Se enfatiza en garantizar las mediciones y controles sistemáticos de índices fundamentales de sostenibilidad y eficiencia, para la aplicación y ajuste más adecuado de las tecnologías. Se llega a consideraciones finales que resumen una estrategia general en el desarrollo de la ganadería en las condiciones de la región, especialmente en Cuba.