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                <text>The use of simulation to prepare and improve responses to infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19: practical tips and resources from Norway, Denmark, and the UK</text>
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                <text>Abstract In this paper, we describe the potential of simulation to improve hospital responses to the COVID-19 crisis. We provide tools which can be used to analyse the current needs of the situation, explain how simulation can help to improve responses to the crisis, what the key issues are with integrating simulation into organisations, and what to focus on when conducting simulations. We provide an overview of helpful resources and a collection of scenarios and support for centre-based and in situ simulations.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s41077-020-00121-5</text>
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                <text>Ayumu Asai, Masamitsu Konno, Miyuki Ozaki, Chihiro Otsuka, Andrea Vecchione, Takahiro Arai, Toru Kitagawa, Ken Ofusa, Masami Yabumoto, Takaaki Hirotsu, Masateru Taniguchi, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Yuichiro Doki, Hideshi Ishii</text>
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                <text>Since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China during December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning. While novel vaccines and drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), drug repurposing might be a viable strategy. Since several antiviral therapies can inhibit viral replication cycles or relieve symptoms, mechanisms unique to RNA viruses will be important for the clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Given that several currently marketed drugs may be efficient therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19 cases, they may be beneficial for future viral pandemics and other infections caused by RNA viruses when standard treatments are unavailable.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082839</text>
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                <text>Mohammad Irani</text>
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                <text>An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 is a betacoronavirus which consisted of a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) structure that belongs to the Coronavirinae subfamily. With respect to the large number of infected people that were exposed to the alive animals (bats, snakes, pangolins) in Wuhan City, China, it is suggested that this is likely the onset of a origin of COVID-19. The extensive functions have been carried out to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19. In this review, the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease have been presented.</text>
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                <text>Bihdād</text>
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                <text>Alborz University of Medical Sciencs</text>
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                <text>Caio Augusto de Lima, Paula Monikee Rezende Alves, Carla Jaciara Baraúna de Oliveira, Thaísa Rodrigues Nascimento de Oliveira, Katricia Beatriz Barbosa, Henrique Cardoso Marcene, Stefan Vilges de Oliveira</text>
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                <text>It was argued that the coronavirus pandemic is likely to lead to an increase in the occurrence of domestic violence incidents against women, while victims are forced to quarantine at home with potentially abusive family members. In this context, it was found that women living in rural areas are at increased risk. In defining their vulnerability was observed least school years, black race and young age (young women) of raped and abused women. The spouse was also identified as the main aggressor, who practiced physical violence, with recurrence, within the victim's own residence, associated with the abusive use of alcoholic beverages. It has alerted the world to this problem and called attention to the need to promote strategies to protect women. It is known that women and men experience pandemics in different ways and those circumstances, in addition to strengthening situations of women's vulnerability, tend to aggravate family tensions, especially in families with a history of recurrent domestic violence.</text>
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                <text>violence against, women battered women, Women's Health, rural health, coronavirus infections</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens</text>
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                <text>Jane Kolodinsky, Marilyn Sitaker, Lisa Chase, Diane Smith, Wei-Wei Wang</text>
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                <text>First paragraph:  Our food system has been disrupted. Shopping at a grocery store during the COVID-19 pan­demic is not a pleasant experience, and, for some of the most vulnerable, it can be outright dangerous. It may become worse. How long will supply chain disruptions continue and what are upcoming challenges? From illness in the fields where agricultural workers pick our food and the closing of food processing facilities to the threat that trucking lanes may be shut down, the possibilities seem real right now. . . .</text>
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                <text>Technology, Environmental sciences, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Social Sciences, Agriculture, Communities. Classes. Races, Recreation. Leisure, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, Regional planning, Home economics</text>
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                <text>A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Concomitant Acute Cerebral Infarction and Deep Vein Thrombosis</text>
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                <text>We report a case of a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by acute cerebral infarction. The patient was admitted to our hospital on 5 February 2020 with severe COVID-19. On 20 February 2020, she was diagnosed with concomitant acute cerebral infarction via head computed tomography (CT) and deep vein thrombosis in both lower limbs. After symptomatic and supportive treatments, the patient was discharged on 13 March 2020. She will comply with quarantine for another 2 weeks and receive rehabilitation training from a specialist doctor. Cerebral infarction should be considered and promptly managed in patients with COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00296</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Neurology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Role of the Eye in Transmitting Human Coronavirus: What We Know and What We Do Not Know</text>
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                <text>Chuan-bin Sun, Yue-Ye Wang, Geng-Hao Liu, Zhe Liu</text>
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                <text>The outbreak of the current 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, now named SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a worldwide health threat. Currently, more information is needed so as to further understand the transmission and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection and the infection control procedures required. Recently, the role of the eye in transmitting 2019-nCoV has been intensively discussed. Previous investigations of other highly infectious human CoVs, that is, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), may provide useful information. In this review, we describe the genomics and morphology of human CoVs, the epidemiology, systemic and ophthalmic manifestations, and mechanisms of human CoV infection, and recommendations for infection control procedures. The role of the eye in the transmission of 2019-nCoV is discussed in detail. Although the conjunctiva is directly exposed to extraocular pathogens, and the mucosa of the ocular surface and upper respiratory tract are connected by the nasolacrimal duct and share the same entry receptors for some respiratory viruses, the eye is rarely involved in human CoV infection, conjunctivitis is quite rare in patients with 2019-nCoV infection, and the CoV RNA positive rate by RT-PCR test in tears and conjunctival secretions from patients with 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV infection is also extremely low. This suggests that the eye is neither a preferred organ of human CoV infection nor a preferred gateway of entry for human CoVs for infecting the respiratory tract. However, pathogens that the ocular surface is exposed to might be transported to nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa by constant tear rinsing through the lacrimal duct system and then cause respiratory tract infection. Considering that close doctor-patient contact is quite common in ophthalmic practice and is apt to transmit human CoVs by droplets and fomites, strict hand hygiene and proper personal protection are highly recommended for health care workers to avoid hospital-related viral transmission during ophthalmic practice.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, 2019ncov, SARS-CoV-2, Transmission, infection, Conjunctiva</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00155</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Public Health</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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                <text>Florian Zores, Mathieu E. Rebeaud</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00071</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Ecological Resilience of Food Systems in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis</text>
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                <text>Resilience of food systems is being tested by the COVID-19 disruption. As with any severe disruption, collapse of some systems, innovation in others, and total reorganization of some will occur. Direct delivery of food, online farmers markets, community supported agriculture operations (CSAs), backyard food production, expansion of seed producers and plant nurseries, and decrease in restaurant share of the food dollar with increased home cooking are some trends that may be lasting. These trends can be seen as complex adaptive systems following the adaptive cycles of all open systems. The crisis provides an opportunity to examine a model of food system resilience (CLIMATED) and apply it more broadly.</text>
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                <text>complex adaptive systems, ecological resilience, Food System Resilience, COVID-19, Pandemic, crisis</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2020.093.015</text>
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                <text>Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development</text>
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                <text>Thomas A. Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems</text>
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                <text>Technology, Environmental sciences, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Social Sciences, Agriculture, Communities. Classes. Races, Recreation. Leisure, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, Regional planning, Home economics</text>
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                <text>EN</text>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/03b93b1f04d5966a0aca0969826e00f4.pdf</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Visiting Policies of Hospice Wards during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Environmental Scan in Taiwan</text>
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                <text>Ya-Chuan Hsu, Yaan Liu, Ming-Hwai Lin, Hsiao-Wen Lee, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Li-Fang Chou, Shinn-Jang Hwang</text>
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                <text>During an epidemic, almost all healthcare facilities restrict the visiting of patients to prevent disease transmission. For hospices with terminally ill patients, the trade-off between compassion and infection control becomes a difficult decision. This study aimed to survey the changes in visiting policy for all 76 hospice wards in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. The altered visiting policies were assessed by the number of visitors per patient allowed at one time, the daily number of visiting slots, the number of hours open daily, and requisites for hospice ward entry. The differences in visiting policies between hospice wards and ordinary wards were also investigated. Data were collected by reviewing the official website of each hospital and were supplemented by phone calls in cases where no information was posted on the website. One quarter (n = 20) of hospice wards had different visiting policies to those of ordinary wards in the same hospital. Only one hospice ward operated an open policy, and in contrast, nine (11.8%) stopped visits entirely. Among the 67 hospice wards that allowed visiting, at most, two visitors at one time per patient were allowed in 46 (68.6%), one visiting time daily was allowed in 32 (47.8%), one hour of visiting per day was allowed in 29 (43.3%), and checking of identity and travel history was carried out in 12 wards (17.9%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all hospice wards in Taiwan changed their visiting policies, but the degree of restriction varied. Further studies could measure the impacts of visiting policy changes on patients and healthcare professionals.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>COVID-19, health care surveys, hospices, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Visitors to patients</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082857</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16366">
                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>EN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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