220 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/4f91a98e2a6331490c66bf0bcb532243.pdf bee70b3276e4480c23c93dc281302fb6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Design of an epitope-based peptide vaccine against spike protein of human coronavirus: an in silico approach Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oany AR, Emran AA, Jyoti TP Description An account of the resource Arafat Rahman Oany,1 Abdullah-Al Emran,1,2 Tahmina Pervin Jyoti3 1Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Life Science Faculty, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh; 2Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; 3Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh Abstract: Human coronavirus (HCoV), a member of Coronaviridae family, is the causative agent of upper respiratory tract infections and &ldquo;atypical pneumonia&rdquo;. Despite severe epidemic outbreaks on several occasions and lack of antiviral drug, not much progress has been made with regard to an epitope-based vaccine designed for HCoV. In this study, a computational approach was adopted to identify a multiepitope vaccine candidate against this virus that could be suitable to trigger a significant immune response. Sequences of the spike proteins were collected from a protein database and analyzed with an in silico tool, to identify the most immunogenic protein. Both T cell immunity and B cell immunity were checked for the peptides to ensure that they had the capacity to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The peptide sequence from 88&ndash;94 amino acids and the sequence KSSTGFVYF were found as the most potential B cell and T cell epitopes, respectively. Furthermore, conservancy analysis was also done using in silico tools and showed a conservancy of 64.29% for all epitopes. The peptide sequence could interact with as many as 16 human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and showed high cumulative population coverage, ranging from 75.68% to 90.73%. The epitope was further tested for binding against the HLA molecules, using in silico docking techniques, to verify the binding cleft epitope interaction. The allergenicity of the epitopes was also evaluated. This computational study of design of an epitope-based peptide vaccine against HCoVs allows us to determine novel peptide antigen targets in spike proteins on intuitive grounds, albeit the preliminary results thereof require validation by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Keywords: vaccinomics, HLA, atypical pneumonia, allergenicity, docking Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Drug Design, Development and Therapy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dove Medical Press Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Therapeutics. Pharmacology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1f8eb5539004188966587317543236f5.pdf 31aa8354eb8b99ede97dfb554815787a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cross-sectional survey of selected enteric viruses in Polish turkey flocks between 2008 and 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource K. Domańska-Blicharz, Ł. Bocian, A. Lisowska, A. Jacukowicz, A. Pikuła, Z. Minta Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Enteric diseases are an important health problem for the intensive poultry industry, resulting in considerable economic losses. Apart from such microbiological agents associated with enteritis as bacteria and parasites, a lot of research has been recently conducted on viral origin of enteric diseases. However, enteric viruses have been identified in intestinal tract of not only diseased but also healthy poultry, so their role in enteritis is still unclear. The present study aimed at determination of the prevalence of four enteric viruses, namely astrovirus, coronavirus, parvovirus and rotavirus in meat-type turkey flocks in Poland as well as at statistical evaluation of the occurrence of the studied viruses and their relationships with the health status and the age of birds. Two hundred and seven flocks of birds aged 1-20 weeks originating from different regions of the country were investigated between 2008 and 2011. Clinical samples (10 individual faecal swabs/flock) were duly processed and examined using molecular methods targeting the conservative regions of viral genomes: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of astrovirus, non-structural 1 gene of parvovirus, non-structural protein 4 gene of rotavirus, and 5′ untranslated region fragment of turkey coronavirus. Different statistical methods (i.e. the independence chi-square test, the correspondence analysis and the logistic regression model) were used to establish any relationships between the analyzed data. Results Overall, 137 (66.2%, 95% CI: 59.3-72.6) of the 207 turkey flocks sampled were infected with one or more enteric viruses. Among the 137 flocks, 74 (54%, 95% CI: 45.3-62.6) were positive for one virus, whereas 54 (39.4%, 9 5% CI: 31.2-48.1) and 9 (6.6%, 95% CI: 3.1-12.1) were co-infected with two or three different enteric viruses, respectively. No flock was simultaneously infected with all four viruses studied. The prevalence of astrovirus infection was 44.9% (95% CI: 38.0-52.0), parvovirus 27.5% (95% CI: 21.6-34.2), rotavirus 18.8% (95% CI: 13.8-24.8), and coronavirus 9.7% (95% CI: 6.0-14.5). Young turkeys aged 1-4 weeks old had the highest (82.1%, 95% CI:71.7-89.8) prevalence of viral infection. Applied statistical methods have indicated the dependence of rotavirus infection as well as the co-infection with multiple viruses and the health status of turkeys. Furthermore, our results statistically confirm that especially young birds are susceptible to infection with rotavirus and astrovirus. Conclusions The study demonstrated the presence of astrovirus, coronavirus, parvovirus and rotavirus infections in Polish turkey farms. These viruses were detected in both healthy and diseased birds. However, the presented results provide valuable feedback which could help to evaluate the role of some enteric viruses in the etiology of enteritis in turkey. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource Enteritis, Turkey, astrovirus, coronavirus, rotavirus, parvovirus Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1013-8 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived BMC Veterinary Research Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available BMC Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Veterinary medicine Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/c1eb6514808d475ada71d743f734c0a4.pdf dded69aa107e0e5a5796ff79be650b95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Identification of a mutation in the spike protein cleavage site in Brazilian strains of wild-type bovine coronavirus Identificação de uma mutação no sítio de clivagem da proteína da espícula em amostras brasileiras de coronavírus bovino Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Elisabete Takiuchi, Marco Antônio Bacellar Barreiros, Alice Fernandes Alfieri, Amauri Alcindo Alfieri Description An account of the resource The spike (S) protein of coronaviruses, a type I membrane glycoprotein, is primarily responsible for entry into susceptible cells by binding with specific receptors on cells and mediating subsequent virus-cell fusion. The bovine coronavirus (BCoV) S protein is cleaved into two subunits, the N-terminal S1 and the C-terminal S2. The proteolytic cleavage site of S protein is highly conserved among BCoV strains and is located between amino acids 763 and 768 (KRRSRR). This study describes a single mutation in the S protein cleavage site of three Brazilian strains of BCoV detected in diarrheic fecal samples from calves naturally infected. The sequenced PCR products revealed that amino acid sequence of the cleavage site of our strains was KRRSSR, indicating a mutation at amino acid position 767 (R ® S). This amino acid substitution occurred due to a single nucleotide substitution in the sequence of DNA corresponding to the proteolytic cleavage site, CGT to AGT. This is the first description of this nucleotide mutation (C to A), which resulted in the substitution of arginine to serine in the S cleavage site. In this study we speculated the probable effects of this mutation in the proteolytic cleavage site using the murine hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) as a comparative model.A proteína da espícula (S), uma glicoproteína de membrana do tipo I, é primariamente responsável pela entrada do vírus em células susceptíveis por meio da interação inicial com receptores celulares específicos e subseqüente mediação da fusão vírus-célula. A proteína S do coronavírus bovino (BCoV) é clivada em duas subunidades: a S1, na região N-terminal e a S2, na região C-terminal. O sítio de clivagem proteolítica da proteína S é altamente conservado entre as estirpes de BCoV e está situado entre os aminoácidos 763-768 (KRRSRR). Este estudo descreve uma mutação no sítio de clivagem da proteína S de três estirpes do BCoV detectadas em amostras fecais diarréicas de bezerros naturalmente infectados no Brasil. O seqüenciamento dos produtos de PCR identificou a seqüência de aminoácidos KRRSSR no sítio de clivagem de nossas amostras, indicando uma mutação na posição 767 (R->S). Esta mutação ocorreu devido a uma única substituição de nucleotídeo no sítio de clivagem proteolítica, alterando o códon CGT para AGT. Esta é a primeira descrição desta mutação de nucleotídeo (C para A), que resultou na substituição do aminoácido arginina por serina no sítio de clivagem da proteína S. Neste estudo também são sugeridos os prováveis efeitos desta mutação no sitio de clivagem proteolítica utilizando o coronavírus da hepatite dos camundongos (MHV) como um modelo comparativo. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Subject The topic of the resource BCoV, sequenciamento, proteína da espícula, sitio de clivagem, mutação, Sequencing, spike protein, Cleavage Site, mutation Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1590/S1517-83822007000400021 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brazilian Journal of Microbiology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/ffbf5ed03a09a4aaca296b23ce412e34.pdf 5946c5ea2f2ea91fb708065e88df25d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SRAS) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Coralith Garcia Apac, Ciro Maguiña Vargas, Raul Gutierrez Rodriguez Description An account of the resource In this review we present the main historical, epidemiological, clinical and control& prevention aspects of this new disease known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This has been considered the first epidemic infectious disease of the XXI century caused by a virus that principally has affected some areas of China (including Taiwan and Hong Kong), Vietnam, Singapur and Canada (Toronto). The discovered agent is a new virus belonged to the coronavirus family. An effective treatment has not been found yet. ( Rev Med Hered 2003; 14: 89-93). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Subject The topic of the resource SARS, coronavirus Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Revista Médica Herediana Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine Language A language of the resource ES https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/e956b38ad27947ece2dd19661d462c3d.pdf e102e195115ac5a4f9657cdb2cd329a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Origin, diversity and maturation of human antiviral antibodies analyzed by high-throughput sequencing Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ponraj ePrabakaran, Zhongyu eZhu, Weizao eChen, Ruie Gong, Yang eFeng, Emily eStreaker, Dimiter S. Dimitrov Description An account of the resource Our understanding of how antibodies are generated and function could help develop effective vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics against viruses such as HIV-1, SARS Coronavirus (CoV), and Hendra and Nipah viruses (henipaviruses). Although broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against the HIV-1 were observed in patients, elicitation of such bnAbs remains a major challenge when compared to other viral targets. We previously hypothesized that HIV-1 could have evolved a strategy to evade the immune system due to absent or very weak binding of germline antibodies to the conserved epitopes that may not be sufficient to initiate and/or maintain an effective immune response. To further explore our hypothesis, we used the 454 sequence analysis of a large na&#239;ve library of human IgM antibodies which had been used for selecting antibodies against SARS Coronavirus (CoV) receptor-binding domain (RBD), and soluble G proteins (sG) of Hendra and Nipah viruses (henipaviruses). We found that the human IgM repertoires from the 454 sequencing have diverse germline usages, recombination patterns, junction diversity and a lower extent of somatic mutation. In this study, we identified germline intermediates of antibodies specific to HIV-1 and other viruses as observed in normal individuals, and compared their genetic diversity and somatic mutation level along with available structural and functional data. Further computational analysis will provide framework for understanding the underlying genetic and molecular determinants related to maturation pathways of antiviral bnAbs that could be useful for applying novel approaches to the design of effective vaccine immunogens and antibody-based therapeutics. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Subject The topic of the resource HIV-1, Immunogenetics, vaccines, Monoclonal Antibodies, IgM, immunogen Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00277 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Microbiology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/2914324784d2737217a571ef69ef3154.pdf 23389c1584297c2b0e0dd792d5a8f1bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elements of successful management of an imported Middle East respiratory syndrome case in Guangdong, China Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tie Song, Min Kang, Yonghui Zhang, Li Huanliang, Hualiang Lin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Subject The topic of the resource imported MERS-CoV, case management, Guangdong-China Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2015.6.4.001 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available World Health Organization Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Public aspects of medicine, Medicine Language A language of the resource EN, ZH https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/c8727985984c9082c5ad687d9a941be5.pdf f7ce24260e4984cd7ec841c583664e7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Large-scale analysis of antigenic diversity of T-cell epitopes in dengue virus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Srinivasan KN, Lee Kenneth X, Heiny AT, Khan Asif M, Tan Tin, August J Thomas, Brusic Vladimir Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Antigenic diversity in dengue virus strains has been studied, but large-scale and detailed systematic analyses have not been reported. In this study, we report a bioinformatics method for analyzing viral antigenic diversity in the context of T-cell mediated immune responses. We applied this method to study the relationship between short-peptide antigenic diversity and protein sequence diversity of dengue virus. We also studied the effects of sequence determinants on viral antigenic diversity. Short peptides, principally 9-mers were studied because they represent the predominant length of binding cores of T-cell epitopes, which are important for formulation of vaccines. Results Our analysis showed that the number of unique protein sequences required to represent complete antigenic diversity of short peptides in dengue virus is significantly smaller than that required to represent complete protein sequence diversity. Short-peptide antigenic diversity shows an asymptotic relationship to the number of unique protein sequences, indicating that for large sequence sets (~200) the addition of new protein sequences has marginal effect to increasing antigenic diversity. A near-linear relationship was observed between the extent of antigenic diversity and the length of protein sequences, suggesting that, for the practical purpose of vaccine development, antigenic diversity of short peptides from dengue virus can be represented by short regions of sequences (~ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-S5-S4 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived BMC Bioinformatics Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available BMC Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General), Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/3f02da910f92e2324abe2f55ecd8cd76.pdf aadf67f56180836e11a81e284abb10b6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reverse genetic characterization of the natural genomic deletion in SARS-Coronavirus strain Frankfurt-1 open reading frame 7b reveals an attenuating function of the 7b protein <it>in-vitro </it>and <it>in-vivo</it> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grywna Klaus, Ditt Vanessa, Krähling Verena, Pfefferle Susanne, Mühlberger Elke, Drosten Christian Description An account of the resource Abstract During the outbreak of SARS in 2002/3, a prototype virus was isolated from a patient in Frankfurt/Germany (strain Frankfurt-1). As opposed to all other SARS-Coronavirus strains, Frankfurt-1 has a 45-nucleotide deletion in the transmembrane domain of its ORF 7b protein. When over-expressed in HEK 293 cells, the full-length protein but not the variant with the deletion caused interferon beta induction and cleavage of procaspase 3. To study the role of ORF 7b in the context of virus replication, we cloned a full genome cDNA copy of Frankfurt-1 in a bacterial artificial chromosome downstream of a T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Transfection of capped RNA transcribed from this construct yielded infectious virus that was indistinguishable from the original virus isolate. The presumed Frankfurt-1 ancestor with an intact ORF 7b was reconstructed. In CaCo-2 and HUH7 cells, but not in Vero cells, the variant carrying the ORF 7b deletion had a replicative advantage against the parental virus (4- and 6-fold increase of virus RNA in supernatant, respectively). This effect was neither associated with changes in the induction or secretion of type I interferon, nor with altered induction of apoptosis in cell culture. However, pretreatment of cells with interferon beta caused the deleted virus to replicate to higher titers than the parental strain (3.4-fold in Vero cells, 7.9-fold in CaCo-2 cells). In Syrian Golden Hamsters inoculated intranasally with 10e4 plaque forming units of either virus, mean titers of infectious virus and viral RNA in the lungs after 24 h were increased 23- and 94.8-fold, respectively, with the deleted virus. This difference could explain earlier observations of enhanced virulence of Frankfurt-1 in Hamsters as compared to other SARS-Coronavirus reference strains and identifies the SARS-CoV 7b protein as an attenuating factor with the SARS-Coronavirus genome. Because attenuation was focused on the early phase of infection in-vivo, ORF 7b might have contributed to the delayed accumulation of virus in patients that was suggested to have limited the spread of the SARS epidemic. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-131 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Virology Journal Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available BMC Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Infectious and parasitic diseases Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/c995d410ef57a5a712d804baa840a5a4.pdf e3196e749d003542bce7f2ef63709216 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First record of Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars, 1885), exotic cladoceran, in São Paulo State (Brazil) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ZANATA L. H., ESPÍNDOLA E. L. G., ROCHA O., Pereira R. H. G. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brazilian Journal of Biology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Instituto Internacional de Ecologia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General), Science, Botany, Zoology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/f14d49cb04855e10c61e4807e96b2fa7.pdf 6609f94e359a0662699988e2f64d666a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bats and Coronaviruses Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arinjay Banerjee, Kirsten Kulcsar, Vikram Misra, Matthew Frieman, Karen Mossman Description An account of the resource Bats are speculated to be reservoirs of several emerging viruses including coronaviruses (CoVs) that cause serious disease in humans and agricultural animals. These include CoVs that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and severe acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS). Bats that are naturally infected or experimentally infected do not demonstrate clinical signs of disease. These observations have allowed researchers to speculate that bats are the likely reservoirs or ancestral hosts for several CoVs. In this review, we follow the CoV outbreaks that are speculated to have originated in bats. We review studies that have allowed researchers to identify unique adaptation in bats that may allow them to harbor CoVs without severe disease. We speculate about future studies that are critical to identify how bats can harbor multiple strains of CoVs and factors that enable these viruses to &ldquo;jump&rdquo; from bats to other mammals. We hope that this review will enable readers to identify gaps in knowledge that currently exist and initiate a dialogue amongst bat researchers to share resources to overcome present limitations. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Subject The topic of the resource bats, coronaviruses, immune response, in vitro, in vivo Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v11010041 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN