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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Una cuestión de escala: sociedad, ambiente, tiempo y territorio A question of scale: society, environment, time and territory</text>
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                <text>Carlos E. Reboratti</text>
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                <text>A medida que los limites disciplinares se van haciendo cada vez más borrosos y se produce un acercamiento entre campos del saber antes tan alejados como la historia y la ecología (paradójicamente paralelo a una fuerte especialización dentro de cada una de ellas), se hacen evidentes las tensiones que se generan cuando se intenta compatibilizar las 'miradas' de cada una de ellas sobre su objeto de estudio. Estas miradas podemos resumirlas alrededor del tema de las escalas, las aproximaciones técnico-conceptuales que cada disciplina utiliza para reducir su objeto de estudio a una dimensión manejable. Esta diferencia se puede encontrar bajo dos dimensiones no excluyentes: el tiempo y el espacio. Las escalas utilizadas para analizar cada una de estas dimensiones son variables y hasta ahora habían sido objeto de controversia en el seno de las humanidades. Pero si introducimos en la discusión la variable que en forma genérica podemos llamar 'ambiental', la tensión se hace muy difícil de solucionar, ya que vamos a tener que tratar de compatibilizar por un lado disciplinas, como la geología, cuya unidad de trabajo es 1 millón de años o la geomorfología, que trabaja con decenas de miles de años, con la historia, cuyo sujeto de análisis no tiene mas de 12.000 años de haber aprendido a cultivar la tierra. Por no hablar de disciplinas del presente, como la geografía, o la sociología, cuyo rango temporario raramente va mas atrás de una generación de personas. De toda esta controversia surgen algunas preguntas básicas, tales como: existe una escala espacial que compatibilice las disciplinas que coinciden en el ambiente? Que significa macro, micro y meso en cada disciplina? Es posible relacionar los ciclos temporales que determina cada disciplina? Como se construye conceptualmente un campo interdisciplinario como la historia ambiental o la geografía histórica?As disciplinary limits become blurred and knowledge fields so distant as history and ecology come closer (paradoxically together with a strong specialization within each of them), the tensions generated when we try to harmonize each field's approach on its object of study are more and more clear. We might summarize those approaches around the subject of scales, techno-cultural approximations used by each discipline in order to reduce its object to a workable dimension. We might find those differences under two non-excluding dimensions: time and space. The scales used to analyze each of them are variable and so far have been object of controversy within the humanities. However, introducing the variable which we may call generically 'environmental', the tension becomes very difficult to solve, since we will have to harmonize, on the one hand, the disciplines, such as geology, whose work unit is that of 1 million years, or geomorphology, which works with tens of thousands of years, with history, working with 12.000 years of land cultivation. Not to mention current disciplines, as geography, sociology, whose time span rarely goes beyond one generation. Two basic questions arise from all that controversy: is there a special scale which harmonizes the disciplines that coincide on the environment? What are the meanings of macro, micro and middle for that discipline? Is it possible to relate the time cycles which determine each discipline? How is a conceptual interdisciplinary field built, such as environmental history or historical geography?</text>
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                <text>2001</text>
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                <text>Ambiente, Territorio, Territory, environment, interdisciplina, interdiscipline, scale</text>
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                <text>Sociologias</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Integrated multi-trophic culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Amazon river prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) in brackish water</text>
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                <text>G.G. Henry-Silva, C.S.P. Maia, R.S.T. Moura, A.P. Bessa Junior, W.C. Valenti</text>
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                <text>The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of integrated multi-trophic culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Amazon River prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) in brackish water by evaluating its limnological characteristics and economic performance. The experiment was completely randomized with four treatments and four repetitions: control treatment with Nile tilapia only, stocked with 2 tilapias/m² (P2C0) and three integrated multi-trophic culture treatments stocked with 2 tilapias/m² and prawns at densities of 4, 8 and 16 prawns/m² (P2C04, P2C08 and P2C16, respectively). The limnological variables of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, ammonia, orthophosphate and chlorophyll 'a' were evaluated and throughout the experiment remained within the limits recommended for culture. The experiment lasted 150 days with monthly animal sampling. No significant differences were observed for total fish biomass or for fish and prawn total survival rates. However, prawn individual weight decreased as stocking density increased. Gross revenue was not significantly different between treatments, as well as profitability. The profitability was 40.1% (P2C0), 36.7% (P2C04), 41.2% (P2C08) and 50.1% (P2C16). It is concluded that although feasible from the view point of husbandry, the integrated multi-tropic culture of M. amazonicum and O. niloticus did not influence significantly profitability compared to the monoculture system.</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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                <text>aqüicultura, policultivo, sustentabilidade</text>
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                <text>10.1590/1678-6788</text>
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                <text>Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</text>
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                <text>Animal culture</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Utilización de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en pacientes tratados por Ortodoncia con afecciones de la mucosa oral</text>
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                <text>Romelia Barrera Miclín, Rubén Kindelán Barrera</text>
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                <text>Introducción: la mayoría de las lesiones bucales en los tratamientos de Ortodoncia  son resultado de una irritación mecánica que comienza en las membranas  mucosas de las encías y la parte interna de los carrillos por lo que es  importante su detección a tiempo. Objetivo: comparar los procederes  terapéuticos más utilizados en Medicina Natural y Tradicional con  la terapia convencional en pacientes con tratamiento de ortodoncia que presentan  lesiones traumáticas de la mucosa oral. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, en el período  comprendido de enero a junio del 2006 en la clínica estomatológica  'Juan Manuel Márquez' del municipio Playa, provincia La Habana.  Se escogió una muestra al azar de 174 pacientes, que comprendió  sujetos de cualquier sexo y raza, que se trataron con Fitoterapia, Apiterapia  y Láser terapia específicamente, y tratamiento convencional de lesiones  orales. Se evaluaron en un tiempo comprendido entre 7, 15, y 30 días midiendo  la efectividad terapéutica. Para el análisis estadístico  se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: la mayoría  de los pacientes evolucionaron en un tiempo de 15 días según lo  establecido en estos tipos de lesiones, La mayor efectividad fue de la terapia  Láser comprobándose sus efectos bioestimulantes y reparación  hística. Conclusiones: la totalidad de los pacientes tratados  con Láser terapia y Fitoterapia tuvieron una evolución final satisfactoria  en un término de 15 días, sin embargo algunos de los tratados con  apiterapia y la técnica convencional demoraron hasta 30 días en  su curación.  Palabras  clave: lesiones de la mucosa oral, Apiterapia, Fitoterapia, Láser terapia,  Ortodoncia.</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas</text>
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                <text>Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Medicine (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.revhabanera.sld.cu/index.php/rhab/article/view/401" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.revhabanera.sld.cu/index.php/rhab/article/view/401&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Agricultura Apoiada pela Comunidade: poderia a experiência dos agricultores americanos ser útil para os agricultores urbanos brasileiros? Community Supported Agriculture: could the experience of American farmers be useful to Brazilian urban farmers?</text>
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                <text>M Castelo Branco, RS Liz, FA Alcântara, HAG Martins, JC Hanson</text>
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                <text>O projeto 'Agricultura Apoiada pela Comunidade' (AAC) é uma alternativa de mercado utilizada na Europa e nos EUA. Neste mercado alternativo, os produtores oferecem a sua produção aos consumidores, sob a forma de cestas de alimentos, alguns meses antes de iniciarem a produção de suas culturas. Algum tempo depois, durante alguns meses, os consumidores irão receber os produtos. Atualmente, diversos países têm uma parcela significativa da sua população vivendo na pobreza. Por isso, diversas políticas públicas foram desenhadas nesses países com o objetivo de reduzi-la. O estímulo à agricultura urbana é uma dessas políticas. No entanto, frequentemente, os produtores urbanos pobres têm dificuldades para adquirir os insumos necessários para manter a sua produção. O apoio contínuo do governo local associado ao apoio contínuo da comunidade local poderia ajudar esses produtores a manter o seu sistema de produção. E, para esses agricultores urbanos pobres, o projeto AAC poderia ser um meio alternativo de organização. O objetivo desse trabalho foi obter algumas informações sobre o projeto AAC nos EUA e avaliar se consumidores e produtores urbanos pobres de uma cidade brasileira de baixa renda aceitariam se engajar neste tipo de projeto. Os produtores americanos envolvidos no projeto AAC em geral cultivavam uma área inferior a 2 ha, ofereciam diferentes tipos de hortaliças aos consumidores por pelo menos quarto meses e geralmente usavam práticas de produção orgânica. No entanto, havia dificuldades para a manutenção do projeto, sendo o planejamento da produção e a dificuldade de sua manutenção ao longo do tempo os maiores problemas. Alguns consumidores da cidade brasileira pesquisada se mostraram dispostos a participar deste tipo de projeto principalmente pela possibilidade de receberem alimentos frescos e produzidos organicamente. No entanto, o mesmo não ocorreu com os produtores urbanos pobres da cidade. E a razão principal para isso foi a impossibilidade deles garantirem a produção. Pesquisas posteriores deverão avaliar se a melhoria do sistema de produção poderia levar esses agricultores a se engajarem neste tipo de projeto.Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is an alternative food market used in Europe and in the USA. In this alternative market, farmers offer their production to consumers in the form of shares some months before they begin to produce their crops. Sometime later, during some months, consumers will receive the goods. Nowadays, several countries have a significant portion of their population that lives in poverty. Several public policies have been designed to reduce poverty in these countries and the stimulus to urban agriculture is one of these policies. However, poor urban farmers frequently have difficulties to purchase the inputs to continue with their food production. The continuous support of the local government associated to the continuous support of the local community could help those farmers to maintain their urban production. And for those poor urban farmers a CSA could be an alternative way of organization. The objective of this work was to get some information of CSAs from USA and find whether consumers and urban farmers from a poor Brazilian town would like to be engaged in this type of project. American CSAs generally occupied an area smaller than 2 ha, offered consumers different types of vegetables for at least four months and most of them used practices of organic production. However, there were several difficulties to run this project and the most important ones were planning and maintaining the production system. Some consumers from a town in Brazil were willing to engage in a CSA project mainly because they would receive fresh and organic products. Yet, poor urban farmers from this town did not show willingness to engage in a CSA project. Their main reason was that they were not able to control their production system. Further research could try to find if an improvement in the production system could lead farmers to engage in this type of project.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241620">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241621">
                <text>Agricultura urbana, alternative organization, organização alternativa, poverty reduction, redução da pobreza, urban agriculture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241622">
                <text>10.1590/S0102-05362011000100008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241623">
                <text>Horticultura Brasileira</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241624">
                <text>Associação Brasileira de Olericultura</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241625">
                <text>Plant culture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241626">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0102-05362011000100008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0102-05362011000100008&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241608">
                <text>Evaluación de los componentes de la biodiversidad en la finca agroecológica 'Las Palmitas' del municipio Las Tunas Evaluation of the biodiversity components in the agroecological farm 'Las Palmitas', Las Tunas municipality</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241609">
                <text>Yamilka Salmón, F.R Funes-Monzote, Olga M Martín</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241610">
                <text>El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar los componentes de la biodiversidad funcional y su contribución a la productividad y la eficiencia de la producción en la finca 'Las Palmitas' (en la provincia Las Tunas, Cuba). Esta tiene un área de 15,44 ha y se dedica a la producción diversificada de cultivos, frutales y animales. Se realizó una caracterización agroecológica y se evaluó la funcionalidad de la biodiversidad, a partir del diseño de un modelo de análisis como guía de la investigación que incluyó los componentes: diversidad de árboles, diversidad de la producción y riqueza de especies. A través del diagnóstico se cuantificó el número de individuos de cada especie agrícola y pecuaria, y se caracterizaron de acuerdo con su funcionalidad dentro del sistema agroproductivo. Las fuentes de información primaria fueron la observación directa, las entrevistas informales y la aplicación de una encuesta semiestructurada, que incluyó las variables de interés para el diagnóstico. Se calcularon los índices de Shannon (2,8) y Margalef (5,70), los que permitieron visualizar la contribución de la diversidad al incremento de la productividad. Los indicadores de diversidad del agroecosistema alcanzaron valores óptimos para los sistemas diversificados, los cuales contribuyeron a la autosufiencia alimentaria, la eficiencia y la productividad. Los resultados indican una relevancia económica y social, que le confiere sostenibilidad y resiliencia al sistema agroecológico evaluado, por lo que constituye un modelo para su diseminación en condiciones locales o similares a las de este estudio.The objective of the work was to evaluate the components of functional biodiversity and their contribution to the productivity and efficiency of production in the farm 'Las Palmitas' (Las Tunas province, Cuba). It has an area of 15,44 ha and it is dedicated to diversified crop, fruit and animal production. An agroecological characterization was made and the functionality of biodiversity was evaluated, from the design of a model of analysis as research guide which included the components: tree diversity, production diversity and species richness. Through the diagnosis the number of individuals of each agricultural and animal species was quantified, and they were characterized according to their functionality within the agroproductive system. The primary information sources were direct observation, informal interviews and application of a semi-structured survey, which included the variables of interest for the diagnosis. The Shannon (2,8) and Margalef (5,70) diversity indexes were calculated, which allowed visualizing the contribution of diversity to the increase of productivity. The diversity indicators of the agroecosystem reached optimum values for diversified systems, which contributed to food self-sufficiency, efficiency and productivity. The results indicate an economic and social relevance, conferring sustainability and resilience to the evaluated agroecological system, for which it constitutes a model for its dissemination under local or similar conditions as the ones in this study.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241611">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241612">
                <text>Productividad, Productivity, biodiversidad, biodiversity</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241613">
                <text>Pastos y Forrajes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241614">
                <text>Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes Indio Hatuey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241615">
                <text>Agriculture (General), Animal culture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241616">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0864-03942012000300008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0864-03942012000300008&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="27655" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="27650">
        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1868fcaa15cdc2c9ffc01e3ff636e0bf.pdf</src>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241599">
                <text>Toxicity of organic farming&amp;#8209;compatible products to the coffee leaf miner Toxicidade de produtos compatíveis com a agricultura orgânica ao bicho&amp;#8209;mineiro do cafeeiro</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241600">
                <text>Madelaine Venzon, Rodrigo Ferreira Krüger, Alberto Soto, Edmar de Souza Tuelher, Italo Santos Bonomo, Marcos Antonio Matiello Fadini, Maira Christina Marques Fonseca</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241601">
                <text>The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of organic farming&amp;#8209;compatible products to the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella. Lime sulphur, enriched Bordeaux mixture (Viça Café Plus), and the 'supermagro' biofertilizer were first tested in laboratory. The most promising product was tested afterwards under field conditions. In laboratory, different concentrations of each product were applied on L. coffeella eggs and on infested coffee&amp;#8209;mined leaves. Only lime sulphur had ovicidal effects at an acceptable concentration (1.6%) for field applications, but no significant effect on larvae mortality was found. Enriched Bordeaux mixture and the 'supermagro' biofertilizer had no effect on L. coffeella eggs and larvae. In the field trial, biweekly or monthly sprayings of lime sulphur at different concentrations caused population decrease after 30 days; however, this effect was not significant after 60 or 90 days.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade de produtos compatíveis com a agricultura orgânica ao bicho&amp;#8209;mineiro Leucoptera coffeella. A calda sulfocálcica, a calda Viçosa comercial (Viça Café Plus) e biofertilizante supermagro foram testados inicialmente em laboratório. O produto mais eficaz foi posteriormente testado em condições de campo. Em laboratório, diferentes concentrações de cada produto foram aplicadas sobre ovos de L. coffeella e sobre folhas de café infestadas com o bicho&amp;#8209;mineiro. Apenas a calda sulfocálcica teve efeito ovicida a uma concentração (1,6%), viável para aplicação no campo; porém, sem nenhum efeito significativo sobre a mortalidade das larvas. A calda Viçosa comercial e o biofertilizante supermagro não tiveram efeito sobre ovos e larvas de L. coffeella. No experimento de campo, a pulverização quinzenal ou mensal de diferentes concentrações da calda causou a redução da população 30 dias após a aplicação; no entanto, esse efeito não foi significativo após 60 ou 90 dias.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241602">
                <text>2013</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241603">
                <text>Bio-Fertilizer, Leucoptera coffeella, biofertilizante, bordeaux mixture, calda Viçosa, calda sulfocálcica, lime sulphur</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241604">
                <text>Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241605">
                <text>Embrapa Informação Tecnológica</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241606">
                <text>Agriculture (General)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241607">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0100-204X2013000300001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0100-204X2013000300001&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="27654" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/4f11631245deff4bbd0e1212cc0a50e1.pdf</src>
        <authentication>e652761c4eff452352a8136c45abfabc</authentication>
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    <collection collectionId="2">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241590">
                <text>Efecto de los bioestimulantes Biobras 16 y Quitomax sobre el cultivo del frijol (phaseolus vulgaris l.) Variedad Delicias-364' en la agricultura suburbana de Aguada de Pasajeros</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241591">
                <text>MSc. Xiomara A. Moreno Lorenzo, Ing. Lidiana Lobelle Muñiz, Ing. Javier González Ramírez</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241592">
                <text>Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los bioestimulantes Biobrás 16 y QuitoMax sobre el desarrollo morfológico, el rendimiento y los hongos fitopatógenos del cultivo de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), variedad Delicias-364, se realizó un estudio en la Finca 'Los Almeidas” en el municipio Aguada de Pasajeros, provincia Cienfuegos, durante la campaña de primavera 2015-2016. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones de los bioestimulantes de crecimiento Biobrás 16 a dosis de 0,025 y 0,050 Lha-1 y QuitoMax a 0,050 y 0,100 Lha-1, en las fases vegetativa y reproductiva del cultivo en un suelo Ferralítico Rojo Típico (IIA). Se evaluaron indicadores morfológicos como: altura de la planta, número de flores y vainas por planta, longitud de las vainas, granos por vaina, peso de 100 granos, además rendimientos, incidencia de hongos fitopatógenos y la viabilidad económica de las aplicaciones. El mejor resultado se obtuvo con el tratamiento de Biobrás 16 a 0,050 Lha-1. Todos los tratamientos mostraron efectividad económica y el mejor resultó el Biobrás 16 a 0,050 Lha-1.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241593">
                <text>2018</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241594">
                <text>Bioestimulantes, Rendimiento; dosis, indicadores morfológicos, sostenibilidad</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241595">
                <text>Agroecosistemas</text>
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                <text>Universidad de Cienfuegos</text>
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                <text>Agriculture (General), Environmental sciences</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://aes.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/aes/article/view/208/235" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://aes.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/aes/article/view/208/235&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Efeito da aplicação de biofertilizante e outros produtos químicos e biológicos, no controle da broca pequena do fruto e na produção do tomateiro tutorado em duas épocas de cultivo e dois sistemas de irrigação Effect of biofertilizer, and others biological and chemical products, in controlling the fruit small driller and in the production of staked tomato in two planting seasons and two irrigation systems</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241581">
                <text>Maria Urbana C. Nunes, Maria Lourdes S. Leal</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Avaliou-se o efeito de biofertilizante, associado ou não a produtos biológicos e químicos, em diferentes condições de irrigação, sobre a produção do tomateiro tutorado e a ocorrência da broca pequena do fruto. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na região de Itabaiana (SE) nos períodos seco e chuvoso. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com 13 tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela composta de 48 plantas no espaçamento de 1,00 x 0,50 m com uma planta por cova conduzida com duas hastes. A eficiência dos tratamentos variou com a época de plantio e com o sistema de irrigação utilizado. De modo geral, na época chuvosa, obteve-se maiores produções totais e comerciais superando as produções obtidas na época seca em 82% e 59%, respectivamente, e um maior peso médio de frutos. Também na época chuvosa a percentagem de frutos brocados foi significativamente superior àquela obtida na época seca. Para o plantio na época seca, os melhores tratamentos foram: a) com irrigação por aspersão: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki (Btk) isolado ou em combinação com clorfluazuron; deltametrina + clorfluazuron e Btk + biofertilizante; b) com irrigação por gotejamento: Btk + clorfluazuron. Para o plantio na época de chuva destacaram-se os tratamentos: a) com irrigação por aspersão: Btk + clorfluazuron; biofertilizante + teflubenzuron e clorfluazuron; b) com irrigação por gotejamento: biofertilizante + clorfluazuron e biofertilizante + abamectin.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a biofertilizer associated or not with biological and chemical products under different irrigation systems upon the yield of staked tomato and the occurrence of the 'small fruit borer'. The experiments were carried out at Itabaiana county, Sergipe State, Brazil, during the dry and wet seasons, on a randomized blocks design with 13 treatments and four replications. Each plot contained 48 plants, with two branches, spaced by 1.00 x 0.50 with one plant of two stems. The efficiency of the treatments varied according to the seasons and to the irrigation systems. Total and commercial yields in the wet season were respectively, 82 and 59% greater than the ones obtained in the dry season, also with a higher average fruit weight. Percentage of drilled fruits was significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season. Best treatments for the dry season were: a) sprinkler irrigation: Bacillus thuringiensis variety Kurstaki (Btk) alone or in combination with clorfluazuron; deltametrina + clorfluazuron and biofertilizer + Btk; b) drip irrigation: Btk + clorfluazuron. For the wet season sowing the best treatments were: a) sprinkler irrigation: Btk + clorfluazuron; biofertilizer + tefluazuron and clorfluazuron, and b) drip irrigation: biofertilizer + clorfluazuron and biofertilizer + abamectin.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241583">
                <text>2001</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241584">
                <text>Bacillus thuringiensis, Lycopersicon esculentum, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, Tomato, drips irrigation, irrigação por aspersão, irrigação por gotejamento, sprinkler irrigation, tomate</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241585">
                <text>10.1590/S0102-05362001000100011</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241586">
                <text>Horticultura Brasileira</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241587">
                <text>Associação Brasileira de Olericultura</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241588">
                <text>Plant culture</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241589">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0102-05362001000100011" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0102-05362001000100011&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>A reforma agrária no segundo mandato de Fernando Henrique Cardoso</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241571">
                <text>José de Souza Martins</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241572">
                <text>Já no primeiro mandato do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a política agrária sofreu reorientações significativas, que marcariam seu segundo mandato, a partir da nomeação de Raul Jungmann como ministro do Desenvolvimento Agrário. A reforma agrária finalmente encontrou o seu sujeito, a agricultura familiar, e o Estado encontrou a sua missão agrária como gestor do território. Foram assim estabelecidas as bases concretas para o exercício da função social da propriedade, recuperando o Estado, na prática, o domínio eminente do território do país. Importante providência nesse sentido foi a anulação dos títulos irregulares de propriedade de sessenta milhões de hectares de terra. O governo firmou a prerrogativa do Estado de 'rotinizar' a redistribuição da terra concentrada e regular e assegurar o direito de propriedade em associação com a dupla alternativa de dois modelos agrícolas conviventes: o agronegócio e a agricultura familiar.During Fernando Henrique Cardoso's first term in office, the agrarian policy underwent significant changes that marked his second term, as of when Raul Jungmann was appointed Minister of Agricultural Development. Agrarian reform finally encountered its subject, subsistence crop farming, and the State found its agrarian mission as manager of the territory. Thus, the concrete foundations for the exercise of the social function of landownership were established, and the State recovered, in practice, the eminent domination of the country's territory. One of the important provisions was the annulment of irregular land deeds regarding 60 million hectares. The government determined it to be the prerogative of the State to make routine redistribution of concentrated land and to regulate and assure landownership rights associated to the double alternatives of two cohabitating agricultural models: agro-business and subsistence farming.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241573">
                <text>2003</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241574">
                <text>Agricultura Familiar, CATHOLIC CHURCH, Igreja Católica, Reforma agrária, agrarian policy, social unrest, subsistence farming, tensões sociais</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241575">
                <text>10.1590/S0103-20702003000200006</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241576">
                <text>Tempo Social</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241577">
                <text>Universidade de São Paulo</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241578">
                <text>Sociology (General)</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241579">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0103-20702003000200006" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0103-20702003000200006&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>A abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento rural-mudança institucional ou 'inovação por adição'?</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241561">
                <text>Arilson Favareto</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241562">
                <text>Assim como para os anos 1990 a emergência da noção 'agricultura familiar' foi um traço marcante, tanto no debate acadêmico como no campo das políticas públicas, o mesmo acontece na presente década com a chamada 'abordagem territorial' do desenvolvimento rural. Os significados dessa nova maneira de conceber os destinos do espaço rural e as políticas a ele destinadas têm sido explorados em trabalhos de diferentes autores. Neste artigo, pretende-se iluminar um aspecto ainda pouco tratado e que consiste em saber se os moldes em que a disseminação dessa abordagem vem se dando significa um processo de mudança, ou se, diferentemente disso, trata-se de mais um processo em que os termos são incorporados ao vocabulário dos agentes sem a criação de novas instituições capazes de sustentá-la. Essa segunda perspectiva é a que informa a hipótese que guia a exposição e pode ser resumida na afirmação de que a tal movimento corresponde uma 'inovação por adição', na qual pesam elementos típicos daquilo que parte da literatura chama de 'path dependence' ('dependência de caminho'). O artigo faz um breve resgate de como tal abordagem é incorporada no âmbito dos organismos multilaterais dando origem à 'nova visão do desenvolvimento rural' e de como, posteriormente, ela é incorporada no rol de políticas para o rural em países da América Latina. Sob o ângulo teórico, o artigo discute ainda os limites da explicação da mudança pela nova economia institucional, mostrando o que se poderia chamar de 'embeddedness da dependência de caminho'.While the rise of the category 'family farming' was a feature in the 90´s for academic debate and for public policies, the same happens at the present decade with the so called 'territorial approach' to rural development. The meanings of this new way to conceive the destiny of rural spaces and the policies to rural development have been studied by different authors. This article aims at to broach one aspect less emphasized in the literature: to know if the adoption of such approach is a process of institutional change or a process of simple addition of a new term to the vocabulary of planners, without the creation of new institutions capable to support an actual new conception. This second perspective offers the content to our hypothesis and it can be summarized by the following statement: the introduction of the 'territorial approach' is an innovation added to the institutional environment of public policies in a typical process of path dependence, with the remaining of some elements concerning the old vision of rural development. The article brings a brief history of how such approach is adopted by multilateral organizations originating the 'new vision to rural development' and how this 'new vision' is transformed when adopted by Latin-American countries. Under a theoretical point of view, the article discusses the limits of the explaining about institutional change provided by the new institutional economics, offering an alternative vision based on the idea of embeddedness of institutional change.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241563">
                <text>2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241564">
                <text>Desenvolvimento Territorial, Mudança institucional, desenvolvimento rural, institutional change, rural development, territorial development</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241565">
                <text>10.1590/S0103-40142010000100021</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241566">
                <text>Estudos Avançados</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241567">
                <text>Universidade de São Paulo</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241568">
                <text>Social sciences (General)</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241569">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0103-40142010000100021" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0103-40142010000100021&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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