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                <text>Saliva—Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak</text>
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                <text>Pingping Han, Saso Ivanovski</text>
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                <text>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global ongoing pandemic. Timely, accurate and non-invasive SARS-CoV-2 detection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, as well as determination of their immune status, will facilitate effective large-scale pandemic control measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Saliva is a biofluid whose anatomical source and location is of particularly strategic relevance to COVID-19 transmission and monitoring. This review focuses on the role of saliva as both a foe (a common mode of viral transmission via salivary droplets and potentially aerosols) and a friend (as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for viral detection and immune status surveillance) in combating COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>salivary diagnostics, COVID-19, salivary bioaerosols transmission</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050290</text>
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                <text>Diagnostics</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Recommendations for Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behavior During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic</text>
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                <text>Silvia Maffei, Pascal Izzicupo, Angela Di Baldassarre, Sabina Gallina, Federica Moscucci, Anna Vittoria Mattioli, Susanna Sciomer, Fabrizio Ricci</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00199</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Public Health</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>HIV and SARS-Coronavirus-2 Epidemics: Possible Interactions and Need for Studies, Especially in Africa</text>
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                <text>Bartholomew Dzudzor, Sandro Vento, Massimiliano Lanzafame, Adonis Goushchi, Francesca Cainelli, Sirika Chhem</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>HIV, Africa, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, antiretrovirals (ARVs)</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00216</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Frontiers in Medicine</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Essential Oils as Antiviral Agents. Potential of Essential Oils to Treat SARS−CoV−2 Infection: An &lt;i&gt;In−Silico&lt;/i&gt; Investigation</text>
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                <text>Joyce Kelly R. da Silva, William N. Setzer, Kendall G. Byler, Pablo Luis Baia Figueiredo</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Essential oils have shown promise as antiviral agents against several pathogenic viruses. In this work we hypothesized that essential oil components may interact with key protein targets of the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS−CoV−2). A molecular docking analysis was carried out using 171 essential oil components with SARS−CoV−2 main protease (SARS−CoV−2 Mpro), SARS−CoV−2 endoribonucleoase (SARS−CoV−2 Nsp15/NendoU), SARS−CoV−2 ADP−ribose−1″−phosphatase (SARS−CoV−2 ADRP), SARS−CoV−2 RNA−dependent RNA polymerase (SARS−CoV−2 RdRp), the binding domain of the SARS−CoV−2 spike protein (SARS−CoV−2 rS), and human angiotensin−converting enzyme (hACE2). The compound with the best normalized docking score to SARS−CoV−2 Mpro was the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (E)−β−farnesene. The best docking ligands for SARS−CoV Nsp15/NendoU were (E,E)−α−farnesene, (E)−β−farnesene, and (E,E)−farnesol. (E,E)−Farnesol showed the most exothermic docking to SARS−CoV−2 ADRP. Unfortunately, the docking energies of (E,E)−α−farnesene, (E)−β−farnesene, and (E,E)−farnesol with SARS−CoV−2 targets were relatively weak compared to docking energies with other proteins and are, therefore, unlikely to interact with the virus targets. However, essential oil components may act synergistically, essential oils may potentiate other antiviral agents, or they may provide some relief of COVID−19 symptoms.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>essential oils, molecular docking, antiviral, coronavirus, COVID‐19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103426</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Biology (General), Chemistry</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>The Predictive Capacity of Air Travel Patterns During the Global Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Risk, Uncertainty and Randomness</text>
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                <text>Panayotis Christidis, Aris Christodoulou</text>
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                <text>Air travel has a decisive role in the spread of infectious diseases at the global level. We present a methodology applied during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic that uses detailed aviation data at the final destination level in order to measure the risk of the disease spreading outside China. The approach proved to be successful in terms of identifying countries with a high risk of infected travellers and as a tool to monitor the evolution of the pandemic in different countries. The high number of undetected or asymptomatic cases of COVID-19, however, limits the capacity of the approach to model the full dynamics. As a result, the risk for countries with a low number of passengers from Hubei province appeared as low. Globalization and international aviation connectivity allow travel times that are much shorter than the incubation period of infectious diseases, a fact that raises the question of how to react in a potential new pandemic.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Risk assessment, coronavirus, aviation, air transport, epidemic model, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Europe is now the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak. Many concerns have arisen about the management and treatment of children with cancer while researchers are wondering how to deal with this devastating pandemic. In view of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak, it is fundamental to stress that the behavior and hygiene rules adopted by children with cancer must be respected and implemented in order to continue to safeguard their health for the current pandemic.</text>
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                <text>Therapeutics. Pharmacology</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Robert Walker, Stephen M. Petrany, Deb Koester</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.33470/2379-9536.1283</text>
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                <text>Marshall Journal of Medicine</text>
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                <text>Marshall University</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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                <text>María Teresa Muñoz-Quezada, Fernando Córdova-Lepe, Juan Pablo Gutiérrez Jara, Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Aguilar</text>
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                <text>Using a mathematical model, we explore the problem of availability versus overdemand of critical hospital processes (e.g., critical beds) in the face of a steady epidemic expansion such as is occurring from the COVID-19 pandemic. In connection with the statistics of new cases per day, and the assumption of maximum quota, the dynamics associated with the variables number of hospitalized persons (critical occupants) and mortality in the system are explored. A parametric threshold condition is obtained, which involves a parameter associated with the minimum daily effort for not collapsing the system. To exemplify, we include some simulations for the case of Chile, based on a parameter of effort to be sustained with the purpose of lowering the daily infection rate.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology, Models, coronavirus, mathematics</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2020.03.7871</text>
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                <text>Medwave</text>
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                <text>Medwave Estudios Limitada</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General), Medicine</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus Outbreak in Italy: Physiological Benefits of Home-Based Exercise During Pandemic</text>
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                <text>Giuseppe Musumeci, Silvia Ravalli</text>
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                <text>The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced the hardest-hit populations, like Italians, to radically change their daily habits, starting with social distancing, strict preventive measures, and self-isolation. These precautions also apply to sport-related facilities and activities. The difficulty to practice physical activity during this dramatic moment in time adds to the risks associated with sedentary habits, due to staying all the time at home. Here, the importance and the benefits of maintaining exercise routine, even at home, are emphasized in order to avoid the consequences of inactivity.</text>
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                <text>Health, prevention, physical activity, inactivity, home based exercise, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5020031</text>
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                <text>Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the musculoskeletal system</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Time Course of COVID-19 Cases in Austria</text>
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                <text>Hanns Moshammer, Peter Wallner, Hans-Peter Hutter, Kathrin Lemmerer, Michael Poteser</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus, which first appeared in China in late 2019, and reached pandemic distribution in early 2020. The first major outbreak in Europe occurred in Northern Italy where it spread to neighboring countries, notably to Austria, where skiing resorts served as a main transmission hub. Soon, the Austrian government introduced strict measures to curb the spread of the virus. Using publicly available data, we assessed the efficiency of the governmental measures. We assumed an average incubation period of one week and an average duration of infectivity of 10 days. One week after the introduction of strict measures, the increase in daily new cases was reversed, and the reproduction number dropped. The crude estimates tended to overestimate the reproduction rate in the early phase. Publicly available data provide a first estimate about the effectiveness of public health measures. However, more data are needed for an unbiased assessment.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093270</text>
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