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                <text>This is a new beginning. It started just like a fiction movie. In December 2019, a new cluster of pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was first identified in Wuhan, China. Without any mercy, it became a pandemic and left no time for grief. It was not only life-threatening but also challenged our healthcare system, economy, culture, lifestyle and belief. It forced us to make changes. We need to evolve, and we must evolve. Malaysia, a multi-ethnicity and multireligious country which is located in Southeast Asia, has a population of 32 million with a median age of 28.9 years in 2019. According to the Observatory of Economic Complexity, Malaysia has experienced rapid globalization and is the 19th leading exporter in the world. It is an upper-middle-income country with a gross domestic product (GDP) of 370 billion USD in 2019, of which 4.5% is funded to the healthcare system.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22502/jlmc.v8i1.354</text>
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                <text>Reporter Replicons for Antiviral Drug Discovery against Positive Single-Stranded RNA Viruses</text>
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                <text>Glaucius Oliva, Laura H. V. G. Gil, Marjorie C. L. C. Freire, Andres Godoy, Rafaela S. Fernandes, Renata V. Bueno</text>
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                <text>Single-stranded positive RNA ((+) ssRNA) viruses include several important human pathogens. Some members are responsible for large outbreaks, such as Zika virus, West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, while others are endemic, causing an enormous global health burden. Since vaccines or specific treatments are not available for most viral infections, the discovery of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) is an urgent need. Still, the low-throughput nature of and biosafety concerns related to traditional antiviral assays hinders the discovery of new inhibitors. With the advances of reverse genetics, reporter replicon systems have become an alternative tool for the screening of DAAs. Herein, we review decades of the use of (+) ssRNA viruses replicon systems for the discovery of antiviral agents. We summarize different strategies used to develop those systems, as well as highlight some of the most promising inhibitors identified by the method. Despite the genetic alterations introduced, reporter replicons have been shown to be reliable systems for screening and identification of viral replication inhibitors and, therefore, an important tool for the discovery of new DAAs.</text>
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                <text>drug discovery, direct-acting antivirals, (+)ssRNA viruses, Key-words: replicon systems</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/v12060598</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                <text>C. George Priya Doss, S. Udhaya Kumar, D Thirumal Kumar, B. Prabhu Christopher</text>
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                <text>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which originated in the city of Wuhan, China, has quickly spread to various countries, with many cases having been reported worldwide. As of May 8th, 2020, in India, 56,342 positive cases have been reported. India, with a population of more than 1.34 billion—the second largest population in the world—will have difficulty in controlling the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among its population. Multiple strategies would be highly necessary to handle the current outbreak; these include computational modeling, statistical tools, and quantitative analyses to control the spread as well as the rapid development of a new treatment. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India has raised awareness about the recent outbreak and has taken necessary actions to control the spread of COVID-19. The central and state governments are taking several measures and formulating several wartime protocols to achieve this goal. Moreover, the Indian government implemented a 55-days lockdown throughout the country that started on March 25th, 2020, to reduce the transmission of the virus. This outbreak is inextricably linked to the economy of the nation, as it has dramatically impeded industrial sectors because people worldwide are currently cautious about engaging in business in the affected regions.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00250</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00938</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Oncology</text>
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                <text>Distributed Manufacturing of Open Source Medical Hardware for Pandemics</text>
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                <text>Joshua M. Pearce</text>
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                <text>Distributed digital manufacturing offers a solution to medical supply and technology shortages during pandemics. To prepare for the next pandemic, this study reviews the state-of-the-art of open hardware designs needed in a COVID-19-like pandemic. It evaluates the readiness of the top twenty technologies requested by the Government of India. The results show that the majority of the actual medical products have some open source development, however, only 15% of the supporting technologies required to produce them are freely available. The results show there is still considerable research needed to provide open source paths for the development of all the medical hardware needed during pandemics. Five core areas of future research are discussed, which include (i) technical development of a wide-range of open source solutions for all medical supplies and devices, (ii) policies that protect the productivity of laboratories, makerspaces, and fabrication facilities during a pandemic, as well as (iii) streamlining the regulatory process, (iv) developing Good-Samaritan laws to protect makers and designers of open medical hardware, as well as to compel those with knowledge that will save lives to share it, and (v) requiring all citizen-funded research to be released with free and open source licenses.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>open source, Open Hardware, Pandemic, Influenza pandemic, COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/jmmp4020049</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31140">
                <text>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31142">
                <text>Production capacity. Manufacturing capacity</text>
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  <item itemId="3356" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A COVID-19 na América Latina e suas repercussões para a odontologia</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31144">
                <text>Dorival Pedroso da Silva, Gilberto Alfredo Pucca Junior, Mariana Gabriel, Fernanda Campos de Almeida Carrer, Mariana Lopes Galante, Nicole Pischel, Amanda Iida Giraldes, Aline Neumann</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31146">
                <text>DOI: 10.26633/RPSP.2020.66</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31147">
                <text>Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31148">
                <text>Pan American Health Organization</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31149">
                <text>Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Public aspects of medicine, Medicine</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>COVID-19 and newborn health: systematic review</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31151">
                <text>Bremen de Mucio, Pablo Durán, Suzanne Serruya, Rodolfo Gomez Ponce DE LEON, Thomas Jaenisch, Susan Niermeyer, Stephen Berman, Thaïs Forster</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Objective. To describe perinatal and neonatal outcomes in newborns exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Methods. A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed Central, LILACS, and Google Scholar using the keywords ‘covid’ AND ‘newborn’ OR ‘child’ OR ‘infant,’ on 18 March 2020, and again on 17 April 2020. One researcher conducted the search and extracted data on demographics, maternal outcomes, diagnostic tests, imaging, and neonatal outcomes. Results. Of 256 publications identified, 20 met inclusion criteria and comprised neonatal outcome data for 222 newborns whose mothers were suspected or confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 positive perinatally (17 studies) or of newborns referred to hospital with infection/pneumonia (3 studies). Most (12 studies) were case-series reports; all were from China, except three (Australia, Iran, and Spain). Of the 222 newborns, 13 were reported as positive for SARS-CoV-2; most of the studies reported no or mild symptoms and no adverse perinatal outcomes. Two papers among those from newborns who tested positive reported moderate or severe clinical characteristics. Five studies using data on umbilical cord blood, placenta, and/or amniotic fluid reported no positive results. Nine studies reported radiographic imaging, including 5 with images of pneumonia, increased lung marking, thickened texture, or high-density nodular shadow. Minor, non-specific changes in biochemical variables were reported. Studies that tested breast milk reported negative SARS-CoV-2 results. Conclusions. Given the paucity of studies at this time, vertical transmission cannot be confirmed or denied. Current literature does not support abstaining from breastfeeding nor separating mothers and newborns. Further evidence and data collection networks, particularly in the Americas, are needed for establishing definitive guidelines and recommendations.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Hereditary, Congenital, vertical, infectious disease transmission, Virus Diseases, Pandemics, Coronavirus infection, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, SARS virus</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.26633/RPSP.2020.54</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31156">
                <text>Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31157">
                <text>Pan American Health Organization</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31158">
                <text>Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Public aspects of medicine, Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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                <text>Transmission electron microscopy imaging of SARS-CoV-2</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31160">
                <text>Varsha Potdar, Sarah Cherian, Atanu Basu, Priya Abraham, Sharda Prasad, ICMR-NIV NIC Team</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_577_20</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31163">
                <text>Indian Journal of Medical Research</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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