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                <text>Genome evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its virological characteristics</text>
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                <text>So Nakagawa, Takayuki Miyazawa</text>
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                <text>Abstract Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which originated in China in 2019, shows mild cold and pneumonia symptoms that can occasionally worsen and result in deaths. SARS-CoV-2 was reported to be the causative agent of the disease and was identified as being similar to SARS-CoV, a causative agent of SARS in 2003. In this review, we described the phylogeny of SARS-CoV-2, covering various related studies, in particular, focusing on viruses obtained from horseshoe bats and pangolins that belong to Sarbecovirus, a subgenus of Betacoronavirus. We also describe the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and compare them with other coronaviruses. More than 30,000 genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 are available in the GISAID database as of May 28, 2020. Using the genome sequence data of closely related viruses, the genomic characteristics and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 were extensively studied. However, given the global prevalence of COVID-19 and the large number of associated deaths, further computational and experimental virological analyses are required to fully characterize SARS-CoV-2.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, comparative genomics, viral evolution</text>
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                <text>10.1186/s41232-020-00126-7</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>ST Elevations in the Era of COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Charlie Joseph Sang, Brittain Heindl, Gregory Von Mering, Brigitta Brott, Robert S. Kopf, Indranee Rajapreyar</text>
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                <text>Myocardial injury, represented by elevated cardiac enzymes, has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created unique challenges in approaching patients with acute ST-segment changes. We describe two distinct cases of ST elevation on electrocardiogram occurring in patients with COVID-19 and review important diagnostic and management considerations for the front-line clinician.</text>
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                <text>Case Reports in Cardiology</text>
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                <text>Hindawi Limited</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Covid-19 e políticas anti-indigenistas no Brasil: o caso da adpf 709/df para o reconhecimento do direito de existir</text>
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                <text>Joana Silvia Mattia Debastiani</text>
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                <text>El  presente  trabajo  presenta  las  políticas  anti-indígenas  en  Brasil,  de  esta  manera  se  analiza  el  caso  de  ADPF  709  /  DF  para  el  reconocimiento  del  derecho  a  existir.  El  método analítico utilizado se basa en el estudio y análisis de ADPF 709 / DF. Lo derecho de  salud  y  el  SUS  también  se  estudian  en  temas  indígenas  durante  el  período  de  la  pandemia Covid-19. Se concluye que las políticas brasileñas deben buscar el recono-cimiento  del  derecho  a  existir,  otorgando  dignidad  y  autonomía  a  estas  poblaciones.  La ADPF es la búsqueda legal-legal para prevenir el genocidio y etnocidio de pueblos indígenas en Brasil debido a la contaminación desenfrenada del covid-19.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Brasil, reconocimiento de derechos, politicas anti-indigenistas</text>
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                <text>Nuevo Derecho</text>
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                <text>Institución Universitaria de Envigado</text>
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                <text>Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Law</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Body Mass Index and Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection. A Systematic Review</text>
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                <text>Karina Colombera Peres, Rachel Riera, Rachel Riera, Ana Luiza Cabrera Martimbianco, Ana Luiza Cabrera Martimbianco, Laura Sterian Ward, Lucas Leite Cunha, Lucas Leite Cunha</text>
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                <text>A better understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus behavior and possible risk factors implicated in poor outcome has become an urgent need. We performed a systematic review in order to investigate a possible association between body weight and prognosis among patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We searched in Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, WHO-Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease, OpenGrey, and Medrxiv. We used the ROBINS-I tool or Cross-Sectional/Prevalence Study Quality tool from AHRQ, to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. Nine studies (two prospective cohorts, four retrospective cohorts and three cross-sectional) were included and assessed the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 prognosis. Risk of bias of the included studies ranged from moderate to critical. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity among them precluded meta-analyses. Most of the included studies showed some degree of association to: (a) higher BMI and worse clinical presentation and (b) obesity and need of hospitalization. The results were inconsistent about the impact of obesity on mortality. Based on limited methodological quality studies, obesity seems to predict poor clinical evolution in patients with COVID-19. Further studies with appropriate prospective design are needed to reduce the uncertainty on this evidence.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, obesity, risk factor, body mass index</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fendo.2020.00562</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): A New Coronavirus Disease</text>
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                <text>Sadeghi Dousari A, Taati Moghadam M, Satarzadeh N</text>
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                <text>Amin Sadeghi Dousari,1 Majid Taati Moghadam,2,3 Naghmeh Satarzadeh4,5 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran; 2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; 5Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranCorrespondence: Naghmeh SatarzadehStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranTel +989363699045Email n.satarzadeh@kmu.ac.irAbstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a type of viral pneumonia with an uncommon outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). SARS-CoV-2 is extremely contagious and has resulted in a fast pandemic of COVID-19. Currently, COVID-19 is on the rise around the world, and it poses a severe threat to public health around the world. This review provides an overview about the COVID-19 virus to increase public awareness and understanding of the virus and its consequences in terms of history, epidemiology, structure, genome, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.Keywords: novel coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus disease 2019</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Nano-Vesicle (Mis)Communication in Senescence-Related Pathologies</text>
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                <text>Sherin Saheera, Ajay  Godwin Potnuri, Prasanna Krishnamurthy</text>
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                <text>Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures comprising of exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and microvesicles. Of the extracellular vesicles, exosomes are the most widely sorted and extensively explored for their contents and function. The size of the nanovesicular structures (exosomes) range from 30 to 140 nm and are present in various biological fluids such as saliva, plasma, urine etc. These cargo-laden extracellular vesicles arise from endosome-derived multivesicular bodies and are known to carry proteins and nucleic acids. Exosomes are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cellular senescence. Exosomes mediate signaling crosstalk and play a critical role in cell–cell communications. Exosomes have evolved as potential biomarkers for aging-related diseases. Aging, a physiological process, involves a progressive decline of function of organs with a loss of homeostasis and increasing probability of illness and death. The review focuses on the classic view of exosome biogenesis, biology, and age-associated changes. Owing to their ability to transport biological information among cells, the review also discusses the interplay of senescent cell-derived exosomes with the aging process, including the susceptibility of the aging population to COVID-19 infections.</text>
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                <text>10.3390/cells9091974</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Biology (General)</text>
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                <text>Epidemiological Modeling of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Spread Projection, Awareness, and Impact of Treatment</text>
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                <text>Yousef Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Olayan Albalawi, Mohsen Bakouri</text>
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                <text>The first case of COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China, after which it spread across more than 200 countries. By 21 July 2020, the rapid global spread of this disease had led to more than 15 million cases of infection, with a mortality rate of more than 4.0% of the total number of confirmed cases. This study aimed to predict the prevalence of COVID-19 and to investigate the effect of awareness and the impact of treatment in Saudi Arabia. In this paper, COVID-19 data were sourced from the Saudi Ministry of Health, covering the period from 31 March 2020 to 21 July 2020. The spread of COVID-19 was predicted using four different epidemiological models, namely the susceptible–infectious–recovered (SIR), generalized logistic, Richards, and Gompertz models. The assessment of models’ fit was performed and compared using four statistical indices (root-mean-square error (RMSE), R squared (R2), adjusted R2 ( Radj2), and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC)) in order to select the most appropriate model. Modified versions of the SIR model were utilized to assess the influence of awareness and treatment on the prevalence of COVID-19. Based on the statistical indices, the SIR model showed a good fit to reported data compared with the other models (RMSE = 2790.69, R2 = 99.88%, Radj2 = 99.98%, and AIC = 1796.05). The SIR model predicted that the cumulative number of infected cases would reach 359,794 and that the pandemic would end by early September 2020. Additionally, the modified version of the SIR model with social distancing revealed that there would be a reduction in the final cumulative epidemic size by 9.1% and 168.2% if social distancing were applied over the short and long term, respectively. Furthermore, different treatment scenarios were simulated, starting on 8 July 2020, using another modified version of the SIR model. Epidemiological modeling can help to predict the cumulative number of cases of infection and to understand the impact of social distancing and pharmaceutical intervention on the prevalence of COVID-19. The findings from this study can provide valuable information for governmental policymakers trying to control the spread of this pandemic.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, Saudi Arabia, Epidemic, covid-19, data analysis, modeling</text>
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                <text>10.3390/app10175895</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Biology (General), Chemistry, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Technology, Physics</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Ensuring the Sustainability of University Learning: Case Study of a Leading Chinese University</text>
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                <text>Yang Liu, Yu Zhang, Weifeng Qiao, Lu Zhou, Hamish Coates</text>
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                <text>The spread of the novel coronavirus at the start of 2020 shocked higher education across China then around the rest of the world. To ensure sustainability of learning, this required an unprecedented shift from campus-based to emergency online education. This created an urgent need to learn more about the quality of online education, the provision of global education, and the transformation potential of universities. This paper analyses these matters, presenting insights from large-scale research conducted on a leading Chinese university, the first ever major research university to make this substantial transition. This research applied a mixed methods design, which combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results provide important insight into the nature, quality, and outcomes of online learning in major Asian research universities. They signal critical areas that require reform to ensure the sustainability of future higher education.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, higher education, online education, education evaluation</text>
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                <text>10.3390/su12176929</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Prilagoditev in psihometrična validacija Lestvice profesionalnih kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah v času epidemije SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) v Sloveniji</text>
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                <text>Mirko Prosen, Sabina Ličen, Igor Karnjuš</text>
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                <text>Uvod: Za uspešno, samozavestno in učinkovito spoprijemanje s spremenjenimi vlogami in zagotavljanje ustrezne pomoči prizadetim morajo biti tudi medicinske sestre v času izrednih razmer ustrezno usposobljene in pripravljene. Namen raziskave je bil prevesti in prilagoditi merski instrument Lestvica profesionalnih kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah (LPKMS-IR) ter oceniti njegove psihometrične lastnosti. Metode: Uporabljen je bil kvantitativni metodološki raziskovalni dizajn. Lestvica je bila testirana na priložnostnem vzorcu 118 medicinskih sester. V trifaznem procesu prilagoditve in validacije se je poleg vsebinske skladnosti preverjalo notranjo konsistentnost, stabilnost in povezanost spremenljivk ter faktorsko strukturo. Rezultati: Faktorska analiza je podala model s tremi faktorji, pri čemer prvi faktor Temeljne kompetence medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah pojasni 36,53 % celotne variance. Rezultati kažejo tudi zelo visoko povezanost med faktorji (p &lt; 0,001) in stopnjo zanesljivosti pri celotni lestvici LPKMS-IR (Cronbach α = 0,937). Diskusija in zaključek: Rezultati potrjujejo, da je slovenska različica lestvice LPKMS-IR veljaven in zanesljiv merski instrument. Ob pomanjkanju ustreznih merskih instrumentov omogoča identifikacijo kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah ter nekatere okoliščine njihovih vlog. Ugotovitve nakazujejo tudi potrebo po nekaterih spremembah izobraževanja za zdravstveno nego in ciljanem raziskovanju tistih skupin v zdravstveni negi, ki se po pričakovanjih pogosteje srečujejo z izrednimi situacijami.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis of the Six Major Crypto-Currencies from August 2015 through June 2020</text>
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                <text>Beatriz Vaz de Melo Mendes, André Fluminense Carneiro</text>
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                <text>After more than a decade of existence, crypto-currencies may now be considered an important class of assets presenting some unique appealing characteristics but also sharing some features with real financial assets. This paper provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of the six most important crypto-currencies from the period 2015–2020. Using daily data we (1) showed that the returns present many of the stylized facts often observed for stock assets, (2) modeled the returns underlying distribution using a semi-parametric mixture model based on the extreme value theory, (3) showed that the returns are weakly autocorrelated and confirmed the presence of long memory as well as short memory in the GARCH volatility, (4) used an econometric approach to compute risk measures, such as the value-at-risk, the expected shortfall, and drawups, (5) found that the crypto-coins’ price trajectories do not contain speculative bubbles and that they move together maintaining the long run equilibrium, and (6) using static and dynamic D-vine pair-copula models, assessed the true dependence structure among the crypto-assets, obtaining robust copula based bivariate dynamic measures of association. The analyses indicate that the strength of dependence among the crypto-currencies has increased over the recent years in the cointegrated crypto-market. The conclusions reached will help investors to manage risk while identifying opportunities for alternative diversified and profitable investments. To complete the analysis we provide a brief discussion on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the crypto-market by including the first semester of 2020 data.</text>
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                <text>cryptocurrency, bitcoin, risk measures, cointegrated VAR, EVT, pair-copulas</text>
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                <text>10.3390/jrfm13090192</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Finance, Risk in industry. Risk management</text>
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