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                <text>Evidence-Based Framework and Implementation of China&amp;rsquo;s Strategy in Combating COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Zhao D, Lin H, Zhang Z</text>
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                <text>Dahai Zhao,1,2,* Haijiang Lin,3,* Zhiruo Zhang4 1School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Yale University Joint Center for Health Policy, Shanghai, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 4School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dahai ZhaoSchool of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xinjian Building, No. 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaTel +86-139-1896-8766Email dahaizhao@sjtu.edu.cnIntroduction: In less than two months, the COVID-19 outbreak in China was controlled through the stringent strategies of screening and isolation. This article aims to use empirical data from all cases from a prefecture-level city of China to introduce and examine the feasibility and efficiency of the screening and isolation strategies and how these were essential in combatting the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: For this retrospective study, all confirmed COVID-19 patients were recruited from the Taizhou prefecture-level city of Zhejiang province, China.Results: Of the city&amp;rsquo;s total population, 24% were screened for COVID-19 and isolated at home or designated locations for two weeks. From these, a total of 146 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were analysed. Of all cases, 51% were traced from Wuhan, and 21% of patients were in close contact with confirmed cases from outside of the city. Initially, 13% of all patients reported having no clear symptoms, while 42% of patients presented with fever and/or other symptoms. Compared with local patients, new arrivals to the city had fewer days between their exposure and the development of symptoms of COVID-19 (P&amp;lt; 0.001), and fewer days from the time they developed symptoms to the confirmation of COVID-19 (P&amp;lt; 0.001), respectively.Conclusion: This study has fully confirmed that controlling the COVID-19 outbreak through screening and isolation is effective, efficient, and essential. The evidence-based framework and implementation of China&amp;rsquo;s strategy to combat COVID-19 can explain how China contained the COVID-19 outbreak in a short time period. This study offers important references and implications for containing the COVID-19 pandemic in the global community.Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic control, screening, isolation, China</text>
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                <text>China, isolation, covid-19, screening, pandemic control</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Alfonso Orro, Margarita Novales, Ángel Monteagudo, José-Benito Pérez-López, Miguel  R. Bugarín</text>
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                <text>The COVID–19 pandemic led to restrictions on activities and mobility in many parts of the world. After the main peak of the crisis, restrictions were gradually removed, returning to a new normal situation. This process has impacted urban mobility. The limited information on the new normal situation shows changes that can be permanent or reversible. The impact on the diverse urban transport modes varies. This study analyzes the changes in transit ridership by line, the use of stops, the main origin–destination flows, changes in transit supply, operation time, and reliability of the city bus network of A Coruña. It is based on data from automatic vehicle location, bus stop boarding, and smart card use. Data from the first half of 2020 were compared to similar data in 2017–2019, defining suitable baselines for each analysis to avoid seasonal and day of week effects. The impact on transit ridership during the lockdown process was more significant than that on general traffic. In the new normal situation, the general traffic and the shared bike system recovered a higher percentage of their previous use than the bus system. These impacts are not uniform across the bus network.</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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                <text>Type 2 and interferon inflammation regulate SARS-CoV-2 entry factor expression in the airway epithelium</text>
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                <text>Jamie L. Everman, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, Max A. Seibold, Kenneth M. Rice, Michael E. Wechsler, Michael C. Zody, Celeste Eng, Soren Germer, Deborah A. Nickerson, Esteban G. Burchard, Satria P. Sajuthi, Peter DeFord, Yingchun Li, Nathan D. Jackson, Michael T. Montgomery, Cydney L. Rios, Elmar Pruesse, James D. Nolin, Elizabeth G. Plender, Angel C. Y. Mak, Sandra Salazar, Vivian Medina, Eric M. Wohlford, Scott Huntsman, Gonçalo Abecasis, Hyun Min Kang, Rajesh Kumar, Sam Oh</text>
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                <text>ACE2 and TMPRSS2 have received recent attention as entry factors for SARS-CoV-2. Here the authors analyze nasal airway transcriptome data from 695 children determining ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression is induced by viral and type2 inflammation, respectively, and both exhibit eQTLs that vary across world populations.</text>
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                <text>10.1038/s41467-020-18781-2</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Investigating the Effects of IT Capability on Hotel Performance Based on DEA Approach: An Empirical Example of International Hotels in Hong Kong</text>
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                <text>Ranran Yang, Pengzhen Yin, Min Yang</text>
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                <text>IT capability improves organization resilience in uncertain social environments (such as the outbreak of COVID-19) and, thus, becomes a key factor in the organization of sustainable development. However, studies have rarely quantitatively examined the efficiency of IT capability and its effects on hotel performance. This study aims to investigate how and to what extent IT capability facilitates hotel operations. Context-dependent and measure-specific data envelopment analysis (DEA) models were employed to assess hotel performance and IT capability. The data from international hotels in Hong Kong were collected for an empirical analysis. The results indicated that the hotels in Hong Kong are classified as market leaders, challenges, followers, and nichers based on the efficiency scores. This study then analyzed the differences and relationship between hotel IT capability and hotel performance. The improvement targets of each input and output variable were also provided for further decision-making. Both theoretical and practical implications for hotel management are discussed.</text>
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                <text>hotel performance, efficiency evaluation, IT capability, context-dependent DEA model, measure-specific DEA model</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Robert Lamberts, Josu Gomez-Ezeiza</text>
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                <text>The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global health emergency of unprecedented magnitude. Most governments around the world have enforced isolation strategies in an effort to curb the spread of the virus and, in so doing, they have hopefully afforded hospitals much needed time to prepare for the high patient influx (Sarto et al., 2020). These confinement strategies have also had a profound impact on the majority of athletes, restricting their movement and limiting, or prohibiting, their access to training facilities. Suddenly, athletes are no longer able to follow their normal training schedules and major sport events have been cancelled or postponed.  Although the decreased training load during the initial weeks of lockdown may have had a positive super-compensation and recovery effect, the long-term effects of detraining are detrimental to the training status of elite athletes (Coyle et al., 1984). Mujika and Padilla (2000), for example, reported a decrease of 4 to 14%  on the VO2max within 4 weeks of training cessation. This reduction is explained by a substantial drop of 5 to 12% in blood volume (Coyle et al., 1986; Houmard et al., 1992) which results in an increase of  5 to 10% in the submaximal heart rate (Mujika &amp; Padilla, 2000). At a functional level, a reduction of 9 to 25% is observed on time to exhaustion in elite athletes (Houmard et al., 1992; Houston et al., 1979). Additionally, detraining has a negative impact on muscle activity and the motion range of joints (Houmard et al., 1992; Mujika &amp; Padilla, 2000) and athletes, which can result loss efficiency and fine motor tuning which can lead to small decrements in technique. Last, but certainly not least, isolation and the absence of normal training habits, along with the cancellation or postponement of major events and competitions could adversely affect mental health and well-being (Mann et al., 2020). Most athletes focus their energy on peaking at a specific major event, such as the Olympics. The sudden enforcement of training restrictions, together with the re-scheduling of competitions and countries’ dyssynchronous return to sport could jeopardise athletes’ mental well-being. In this uncertain climate the coach and sports psychologist play an important role - new training goals need to be set, even if there is no clear indication as to when sport events will commence.  These new circumstances have resulted in athletes employing technology and online platforms to maintain some training fitness levels stimulus. Although it is impossible to replicate normal training sessions for a full 100% , however, some athletes have profited from indoor cycling, the use of a treadmill, body weight routines, exercise videos or simulators. In addition, these online platforms have also enabled athletes to besides racing and competing against each other also socialise with team-mates and colleagues. Government policies regulating the duration of isolation periods and how strictly these are enforced differ substantially. In Europe, for example, the implementation of lockdown policies have varied from: very strict (Spain and Italy), to less strict (Netherlands), to almost non-existent (Sweden). This situation has resulted in unequal training opportunities with some athletes using training facilities as per usual whilst others are not even allowed to leave their homes. Furthermore, different timing restrictions have exacerbated these training inequalities. China, for instance, has lifted almost all restrictions and Europe is slowly easing up on its lockdown measures. Africa and South America, on the other hand, have yet to reach the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. These differences in timing and training opportunities have seriously affected athletes’ preparation for international events such as the Vuelta a España, athletics Diamond league and swimming world championships. The pandemic is more or less under control in Europe and ‘normal’ training and professional sport events are slowly commencing. Certain sports have already restarted (e.g. several soccer leagues including the Bundesliga and La Liga) and other federations (e.g. cycling and Formula 1) are in the process of, or have already, announced adapted racing calendars for the remainder of the 2020 season. The limited time available and multitude organisers who still wanting to host races have resulted in racing calendars becoming very full and cluttered. This situation, combined with athletes’ poor preparation and eagerness to prove themselves for the 2021 season, might increase the risk of a second epidemy for athletes and coaches as well as an elevated injury rate and highly fatigued athletes. In our opinion, coaches and sports scientists should therefore: 1) closely monitor athletes, especially when they start competing again; 2) asses and evaluate the injury risk of each athlete before he/she returns to play or train; 3) design comprehensive training programmes which include endurance and strength components as well as technical and tactical skills training; 4) be selective in choosing events from the competitive calendar; and 5) adopt a flexible training and preparation approach, because as long as a vaccine has been found and administered to most of us, the future will remain unpredictable. However, and besides all these challenges and uncertainties, we are happy to see the world of elite sports starting up again.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>10.21134/eurjhm.2020.44.559</text>
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                <text>European Journal of Human Movement</text>
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                <text>Asociación Española de Ciencias del Deporte</text>
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                <text>Sports medicine, Sports</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Time for an Upgrade</text>
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                <text>Raquel Sebio-García</text>
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                <text>Pulmonary rehabilitation is a notoriously known but highly underused intervention aimed to restore or improve functional capacity, symptom management and health-related quality of life among patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Since early 1980s, pulmonary rehabilitation has been acknowledged as a comprehensive intervention with hundreds of studies being performed over the past thirty years demonstrating its benefits on multiple outcomes; nevertheless, there are still multiple unresolved challenges, and new ones are currently emerging, with the COVID-19 outbreak now in the spotlight. In this editorial, these issues are summarized and discussed, while presenting some of the latest findings in research and clinical practice, with the ultimate goal of raising awareness of the future of pulmonary rehabilitation in the post COVID-19 era.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, telerehabilitation, pulmonary rehabilitation</text>
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                <text>10.3390/jcm9092742</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Plants Metabolites: Possibility of Natural Therapeutics Against the COVID-19 Pandemic</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47552">
                <text>Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan, Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan, Sabbir Howlader, Topu Raihan, Mahmudul Hasan</text>
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                <text>COVID-19, a disease induced by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2), has been the cause of a worldwide pandemic. Though extensive research works have been reported in recent days on the development of effective therapeutics against this global health crisis, there is still no approved therapy against SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, plant-synthesized secondary metabolites (PSMs) have been prioritized to make a review focusing on the efficacy of plant-originated therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19. Plant metabolites are a source of countless medicinal compounds, while the diversity of multidimensional chemical structures has made them superior to treat serious diseases. Some have already been reported as promising alternative medicines and lead compounds for drug repurposing and discovery. The versatility of secondary metabolites may provide novel antibiotics to tackle MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant) microbes too. This review attempted to find out plant metabolites that have the therapeutic potential to treat a wide range of viral pathogens. The study includes the search of remedies belonging to plant families, susceptible viral candidates, antiviral assays, and the mode of therapeutic action; this attempt resulted in the collection of an enormous number of natural therapeutics that might be suggested for the treatment of COVID-19. About 219 plants from 83 families were found to have antiviral activity. Among them, 149 plants from 71 families were screened for the identification of the major plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) that might be effective for this pandemic. Our investigation revealed that the proposed plant metabolites can serve as potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 lead molecules for further optimization and drug development processes to combat COVID-19 and future pandemics caused by viruses. This review will stimulate further analysis by the scientific community and boost antiviral plant-based research followed by novel drug designing.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, drug discovery, Medicinal plants, antiviral activities, secondary metabolites, natural therapeutics/alternative medicine</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fmed.2020.00444</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47557">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47558">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Stellungnahme des Vorstands der Sektion Medienpädagogik der DGfE zur Covid-19 Situation</text>
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                <text>Klaus Rummler, Patrick Bettinger, Karsten D. Wolf, (DGfE) Vorstand Sektion Medienpädagogik, Sandra Aßmann</text>
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                <text>Im Zuge der Corona-Krise wurde das Lehren und Lernen mit digitalen Medien in unterschiedlichen Bildungsbereichen unvermittelt zum primären – und oft auch einzigen – Mittel der Wahl. Quer durch alle Altersgruppen und gesellschaftlichen Felder sah man sich vor der Herausforderung, unterschiedliche Formate sozialer Interaktion in kürzester Zeit durch den Einsatz digitaler Medien kompensieren zu müssen. Nach mittlerweile vier Monaten «Lockdown» und Konsequenzen zeigen die Debatten um Lehren und Lernen mit digitalen Medien deutlich die Heterogenität der Positionen. Das Spektrum reicht von kompletter Ablehnung bis hin zu Forderungen, die gegenwärtigen digitalen Lehr-Lern-Praxen in unterschiedlichen bildungsinstitutionellen Kontexten als ideale Blaupause heranzuziehen. Wir plädieren für eine differenzierte Analyse, warnen aber insbesondere davor, mit einer hoffentlich zunehmenden Normalisierung des öffentlichen Lebens einfach wieder zum alten Status Quo zurückzukehren: Trotz der teils dramatischen – und weitgehend noch nicht absehbaren – Auswirkungen der Corona-Krise sind Innovationsimpulse in unterschiedlichen Bildungsbereichen zu erkennen. Insbesondere das System Schule wurde in diesem Zusammenhang in Bewegung gebracht. Ohne jahrzehntelang entwickelte Erkenntnisse und Konzepte durch ad-hoc Improvisationen ersetzen zu wollen und die negativen Auswirkungen zu schmälern, sehen wir in den Entwicklungen der letzten Monate auch Chancen, die Digitalisierung im Bereich der Bildung und Erziehung produktiv gestalten zu können.  Deshalb wollen wir auf Basis medienpädagogischer Forschung und Entwicklung folgende drei zukunftsgerichtete Empfehlungen und Forderungen formulieren:  In medienpädagogische Aus- und Fortbildung investieren: Die in einer Krisenzeit improvisierten Handlungen ersetzen keine geplanten und wissenschaftlich begründeten Strategien. Der Digitalisierungsimpuls ist über die bereitgestellten Mittel hinaus nachhaltig zu finanzieren. Dies beinhaltet neben Hardware, Software, Content und Support vor allem Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrpersonen, Pädagoginnen und Pädagogen sowie eine systematische und professionell unterstützte Konzeptentwicklung. Medienpädagogische Studiengänge bzw. medienpädagogische Anteile in pädagogischen Studiengängen sind gerade vor dem Hintergrund der jüngsten Erfahrungen weiterzuentwickeln (vgl. https://doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/00/2017.12.04.X). Dazu bedarf es u. a. in den erziehungswissenschaftlichen und fachdidaktischen Studienanteilen der fachwissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit digitalen Medien. Nur so ist eine professionelle Gestaltung einer digitalen Transformation der Bildung zu leisten.   Das Potenzial der Vernetzung von Bildungseinrichtungen und ausserschulischer Medienpädagogik stärken: Die gegenwärtigen und zukünftigen Herausforderungen sind nicht alleine von staatlichen Bildungsinstitutionen wie der Schule zu bewältigen. Sehr gut qualifizierte Medienpädagoginnen und Medienpädagogen in ausserschulischen Institutionen bieten ein reichhaltiges Angebot lebensnaher und generationenübergreifender Bildungsangebote. Diese sind über die bisherigen Kooperationen stärker einzubinden, finanziell zu stärken und inhaltlich weiterzuentwickeln, um nachhaltige Vernetzungsstrukturen zu schaffen.   Medienbildung für ein ganzes Leben gestalten: Die Corona-Pandemie hat noch einmal deutlich gemacht, dass nicht nur Schülerinnen und Schüler sowie Lehrpersonen, sondern auch Eltern oder Grosseltern bzw. Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer über ein hohes Mass an Medienkompetenz verfügen müssen, um mit veränderten Rahmenbedingungen umzugehen und sich Medien sinnvoll für eine aktive Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft anzueignen. Medienbildungsangebote sind somit über die gesamte Lebensspanne anzubieten und auszubauen, um soziale Ungleichheiten abzubauen und die medienpädagogischen Potenziale zur Stärkung von Diversität in allen Lebensbereichen fruchtbar zu machen sowie dazu konsequent Spielräume der Gesetzgebung und in der Verwaltung zu nutzen.   Medienbildung trägt dazu, neben einer rein anwendungsbezogenen Perspektive (Wie nutze ich das?) und einer technologischen Perspektive (Wie funktioniert das?), eine gesellschaftlich-kulturelle (Wie wirkt das?) sowie eine emanzipatorisch-bildungstheoretische Perspektive (Was will ich?) bei.  Schliesslich möchten wir als Vorstand der Sektion Medienpädagogik darauf aufmerksam machen, dass sich gerade wissenschaftliche Qualifikandinnen und Qualifikanden in Anbetracht der gegenwärtigen Krise in einer Lage befinden, die noch weit mehr als bisher schon als prekär bezeichnet werden muss. Insbesondere empirische Forschungsprojekte sind zum Teil schon seit mehreren Monaten nicht mehr durchführbar, oft kulminieren verschiedene Verzögerungen zu Konstellationen, die eine Weiterführung oder einen Abschluss von Qualifikationsarbeiten gefährden. Wir möchten daher zum einen alle Kolleginnen und Kollegen, die Betreuungsaufgaben wahrnehmen, dazu auffordern, den je individuellen Situationen der Qualifikandinnen und Qualifikanden bestmöglich Rechnung zu tragen und Entlastung zu schaffen. Zum anderen appellieren wir aber auch an Universitäten und Drittmittelgebende, zusätzliche Mittel zur Verlängerung von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen oder Stipendien bereitzustellen und Spielräume in Gesetzgebung und Verwaltung konsequent zu nutzen.  Die gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche Lage könnte nicht deutlicher vor Augen führen, wie wichtig eine fundierte und differenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit Fragen von Lehren, Lernen, Bildung, Erziehung und Sozialisation im Kontext der digitalen Transformation ist. Die Heterogenität der Situationen und Praxen sollte dabei berücksichtigt werden. Nur wenn medienpädagogische Perspektiven im Bildungsbereich umfassend Berücksichtigung finden und ein unvoreingenommener Diskurs um Chancen und Risiken digitaler Medien zustande kommt, kann Medienbildung gelingen.</text>
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                <text>The new COVID-19 coronavirus infection, which has become a pandemic, is a very dangerous disease, the clinical picture of which can vary from mild to extremely severe forms of the course. Currently, there are no complete data on the pathogenetic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, but there are extensive data on the probable risk factors for the development of extremely severe forms of COVID-19. The study of such factors becomes most suitable in terms of preventing their development and influence on the course of the disease in individuals with compromised immune systems and patients with impaired neuromuscular transmission. The article describes two clinical cases of extremely severe COVID-19 in patients with impaired neuromuscular transmission. Based on the analysis of the course of diseases, the conclusions are made about the possible aggravation and mutual activation of the immunopathological process with the launch of the cascade mechanism of the cytokine storm. An assumption has been made about the influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on the severity of COVID-19, which is confirmed by a positive dynamics against the background of administration of IVIG, glucocorticosteroids (GCS), virusinactivated plasma and extracorporeal detoxification methods.</text>
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                <text>Eco-vector</text>
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