658 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/b66b2601e3c608024cc623c8ea73ac99.pdf 131c59c559ef1ae963cad0f0b37be548 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by ambroxol prevents SARS-CoV-2 entry into epithelial cells. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barbara Gripp, Katrin Anne Becker, Alexander Carpinteiro, Markus Hoffmann, Stefan Pöhlmann, Nicolas Hoertel, Michael J Edwards, Markus Kamler, Johannes Kornhuber, Erich Gulbins Description An account of the resource The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system has been shown to be important for cellular infection with at least some viruses, for instance rhinovirus or SARS-CoV-2. Functional inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase using tricyclic antidepressants prevented infection of epithelial cells, for instance with SARS-CoV-2. The structure of ambroxol, i.e. trans-4-[(2,4-dibromanilin-6-yl)-methyamino]-cyclohexanol, a mucolytic drug applied by inhalation, suggests that the drug might inhibit the acid sphingomyelinase, and thereby infection with SARS-CoV-2. To test this, we used spike protein pseudotyped viral particles (pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike), a bona fide system for mimicking SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Viral uptake and formation of ceramide localization were determined by fluorescence microscopy, activity of the acid sphingomyelinase by consumption of [14C]sphingomyelin and ceramide was quantified by a kinase method. We found that entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike required activation of acid sphingomyelinase and release of ceramide, events that were all prevented by pretreatment with ambroxol. We also obtained nasal epithelial cells from human volunteers prior to and after inhalation of ambroxol. Inhalation of ambroxol reduced acid sphingomyelinase activity in nasal epithelial cells, and prevented pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike-induced acid sphingomyelinase activation, ceramide release, and entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike ex vivo. The addition of purified acid sphingomyelinase or C16 ceramide restored entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike into ambroxol-treated epithelial cells. We propose that ambroxol might be suitable for clinical studies to prevent COVID-19. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource infection, SARS-CoV-2, ambroxol, acid sphingomyelinase, ceramide, human nasal epithelial cells Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100701 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Journal of biological chemistry https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/3721b67d3deaa65f5f7700276e8aec68.pdf 8d1eb4ba29709b00497164785c9a6c31 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chicha-Coronavirus: 1-0. On trust, natural disasters, and pandemics in the Ecuadorian Amazon Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonidas Oikonomakis Description An account of the resource Sarayaku is an Amazonian Kichwa community on the shores of Río Bobonaza, Ecuador. There is no road connecting it to the rest of the country no electricity and no telephone network. I happened to be there on fieldwork during the times of a double disaster: the COVID19 crisis, and the biggest flood in the community’s living memory. This short article explores how the community managed both the flood and the COVID19 crisis, according to communitarian practices, as well as how relations of trust are built during sad “everyday life” events in the life of an Amazonian community, as well in not-so-everyday-life emergency situations that are more rare, yet more intense when they occur. While trust-building is crucial in any anthropological or sociological research that involves fieldwork, in the relevant bibliography trust-building during everyday life “insignificant” actions has only recently been attributed the value it deserves. At the same time, trust-building during emergencies has also gone largely unnoticed, maybe due to the rarity of events of disaster/emergency in the lifetime of an Amazonian community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource pandemia, Amazonía ecuatoriana, Sarayaku, indigenous politics, ethnographic trust Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.15446/ma.v11n2.88313 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mundo Amazónico Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidad Nacional de Colombia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant General Works https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/418910ec14801f4e421b0f52d87e08a1.pdf 26358fef05430d97d37f03ba8f061147 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Analisis Beban Kerja Mental Mahasiswa saat Perkuliahan Online Synchronous dan Asynchronous Menggunakan Metode Rating Scale Mental Effort Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Intan Mardiono, Fatin Saffanah Didin, Hersa Dwi Yanuarso Description An account of the resource In 2020, Indonesia experienced a pandemic known as the Corona Virus or Covid-19. The government-imposed social distancing rules affect Indonesian society for teaching and learning activities at the university. Governments impose rules on online learning systems. The online learning system provides convenience, but on the other hand, there are adverse impacts for some students, one of which has a mental workload. The study aims to measure and analyze student mental workloads using the Rating Scale Mental Effort (RSME) method. The number of respondents was 111 students. The mental workload measured is a quantitative learning system that is quantitative with the delivery of the material directly (Synchronous) and the delivery of the material using the recorded video in advance (Asynchronous). The indicators of mental work effort are workload, work difficulties, job satisfaction, mental effort, anxiety, and work fatigue. The measurement results show that the RSME value of the workload indicator and the work difficulties between the online learning methods are significantly different. Mental workloads, technical difficulties, work mental ventures, work anxieties and work fatigue when online learning is high enough on the learning system using Synchronous, with a value of 93.27; 94.5; 94.27; and 96.54. However, for job satisfaction, students are more satisfied learning by using video recording than Synchronous, i.e., several 79.61. The results show that the recommended online learning method is with video recording. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, online learning, Mental workload, rsme Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.31315/opsi.v13i1.3501 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived OPSI Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran" Yogyakarta" Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Industrial engineering. Management engineering https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/3bf477b2a696cbda44a066b96f303431.pdf f0079f9327cc210b33bff8354caa83ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Synthesis and physicochemical studies of a series of mixed-ligand transition metal complexes and their molecular docking investigations against Coronavirus main protease Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mohapatra Ranjan K., Saikishore V. P., Azam Mohammad, Biswal Susanta K. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource antimicrobial, Schiff Base, spectral, Molecular docking studies, Ternary complexes Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1515/chem-2020-0190 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chemistry https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/98db9d8fb07e499f114f674ceb89121a.pdf c6a3566a5e13ec9f02c52178b4522bb2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dynamical model for social distancing in the U.S. during the COVID-19 epidemic Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chitanvis Shirish M. Description An account of the resource Background Social distancing has led to a “flattening of the curve” in many states across the U.S. This is part of a novel, massive, global social experiment which has served to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic in the absence of a vaccine or effective anti-viral drugs. Hence it is important to be able to forecast hospitalizations reasonably accurately. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource random walk, IR, 60, log-normal, 65, 6.2 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1515/cmb-2020-0107 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biotechnology, Physics https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/7cd4434366f52873c91baf33436f66bf.pdf 5daca07213b60a151ad7d2e9c16d4b86 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center-Specific Survival Analysis: Can We Adjust for the Impact of the Pandemic? Recommendations of the COVID-19 Task Force of the 2020 Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research Center Outcomes Forum. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John R Wingard, Kwang Woo Ahn, Christopher Dandoy, Miguel-Angel Perales, William A Wood, Brent Logan, Marcie Riches, J Douglas Rizzo Description An account of the resource COVID-19 has significantly impacted the practice of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and likely affected outcomes of HCT recipients. Early reports document substantially higher case fatality rates for HCT recipients than seen in faced by the general population. Currently we do not have a clear picture of how much of this threat is present within the first year after HCT and how infection rates and outcomes vary with time after HCT. There are important because center-specific survival estimates for reporting purposes focus on 1-year post-HCT mortality. Transplantation centers have dramatically changed their practices in response to the pandemic. At many centers, quality assurance processes and procedures were disrupted, changes that likely affected team performance. Centers have been affected unevenly by the pandemic through time, location, and COVID-19 burdens. Assessment of center-specific survival depends on the ability to adjust for risk factors, such as COVID-19, that are outside center control using consistent methods so that team performance based on controllable risk factors can be ascertained. The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research (CIBMTR) convened a working group for the 2020 Center Outcomes Forum to assess the impact of COVID-19 on both patient-specific risks and center-specific performance. This committee reviewed the factors at play and developed recommendations for a process to determine whether adjustments in the methodology to assess center-specific performance are needed. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.04.008 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Transplantation and cellular therapy https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/baae91db7744b24aaca1cb7c35686be7.pdf f51abc4bc10f3eb4808bbdc04f059baa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Implications of Oxidative Stress and Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vicente Lahera, Natalia de las Heras, Virna Margarita Martín Giménez, León Ferder, Walter Manucha Description An account of the resource Due to its high degree of contagiousness and like almost no other virus, SARS-CoV-2 has put the health of the world population on alert. COVID-19 can provoke an acute inflammatory process and uncontrolled oxidative stress, which predisposes one to respiratory syndrome, and in the worst case, death. Recent evidence suggests the mechanistic role of mitochondria and vitamin D in the development of COVID-19. Indeed, mitochondrial dynamics contribute to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and its uncoupling involves pathological situations. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics with consequent oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory state, cytokine production, and cell death. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency seems to be associated with increased COVID-19 risk. In contrast, vitamin D can normalize mitochondrial dynamics, which would improve oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory state, and cytokine production. Furthermore, vitamin D reduces renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation and, consequently, decreases ROS generation and improves the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the purpose of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the role of mitochondria and vitamin D directly involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and the inflammatory state in SARS-CoV-2 infection. As future prospects, evidence suggests enhancing the vitamin D levels of the world population, especially of those individuals with additional risk factors that predispose to the lethal consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, sars-cov-2 infection, vitamin D, Oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, mitochondrial dynamics Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/antiox9090897 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Therapeutics. Pharmacology https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/18b534c1e18482f7976cfc34b56aa80c.pdf 2f364ca05f02ca655534d8ca9bbee884 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spatial variation of dissolved organic nitrogen in Wuhan surface waters: Correlation with the occurrence of disinfection byproducts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dayi Zhang, Yi Liu, Jiuhui Qu, Leyun Wang, Xian Zhang, Shanshan Chen, Fanbin Meng, Miao Li, Xiang Liu, Xia Huang Description An account of the resource Intensified sanitization practices during the recent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) led to the release of chlorine-based disinfectants in surface water, potentially triggering the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in the presence of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Thus, a comprehensive investigation of DON's spatial distribution and its association with DBP occurrence in the surface water is urgently needed. In this study, a total of 51 water samples were collected from two rivers and four lakes in May 2020 in Wuhan to explore the regional variation of nitrogen (N) species, DON's compositional characteristics, and the three classes of DBP occurrence. In lakes, 53.0% to 86.3% of N existed as DON, with its concentration varying between 0.3-4.0 mg N/L. In contrast, NO3--N was the dominant N species in rivers. Spectral analysis revealed that DON in the lakes contained higher humic and fulvic materials with higher A254, A253/A203, SUVA254, and PIII+IV/PI+II+V ratios, while rivers had higher levels of hydrophilic compounds. Trihalomethanes (THMs) were the most prevalent DBPs in the surface waters, followed by N-nitrosamines and haloacetonitriles (HANs). The levels of N-nitrosamines (23.1-97.4 ng/L) increased significantly after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Excessive DON in the surface waters was responsible for the formation of N-nitrosamines. This study confirmed that the presence of DON in surface water could result in DBP formation, especially N-nitrosamines, when disinfectants were discharged into surface water during the COVID-19 pandemic. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource Wuhan, Regional variation, Disinfection byproducts, Dissolved organic nitrogen, Molecular characteristic, Surface water resource Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117138 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Water research https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/d08c896a0082944f5170802478837f73.pdf 195364c7fd09165f791ef550155d1a9b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deaths associated with newly launched SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Comirnaty®). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carolin Edler, Anke Klein, Ann Sophie Schröder, Jan-Peter Sperhake, Benjamin Ondruschka Description An account of the resource Since 27th December 2020, a mRNA vaccine from BioNTech / Pfizer (Comirnaty®) has been used across Germany. As of 12th March 2021, 286 fatalities of vaccinated German individuals were registered at the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute with time intervals after vaccination between one hour to 40 days. From our catchment area in northern Germany, we have so far become aware of 22 deaths in connection with vaccination in a 5 week period (range: 0-28 days after vaccination). Three death cases after vaccination with Comirnaty®, which were autopsied at the Institute of Legal Medicine Hamburg, are presented in more detail. All three deceased had severe cardiovascular diseases, among other comorbidities, and died in the context of these pre-existing conditions, while one case developed a COVID-19 pneumonia as cause of death. Taking into account the results of the postmortem examination a causal relation between the vaccination and the death was not established in any case. If there are indications of an allergic reaction, histological and postmortem laboratory examinations should be performed subsequent to the autopsy (tryptase, total IgE, CRP, interleukin-6, complement activity C3/C5). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, autopsy, covid-19 vaccine, Comirnaty® Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101895 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/74265ec1eff1b9d2c1c68e1c4b77adc1.pdf ab544abd82b3e78dbc4ce720ef3174a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nationwide seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic population in South Korea: a cross-sectional study Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eun-Hee Nah, Seon Cho, Han-Ik Cho, Hyeran Park, Inhwan Hwang Description An account of the resource Objective Asymptomatic active infection might be an important contributor to the COVID-19 outbreak. Serological tests can assess the extent of exposure and herd immunity to COVID-19 in general populations. This study aimed to estimate the nationwide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies according to age, sex and clinical status in South Korea.Design, setting and participants This cross-sectional study randomly selected health examinees who underwent health check-up at 16 health promotion centres in 13 Korean cities across the country between late September and early December 2020. Residual serum samples were obtained from 4085 subjects (2014 men and 2071 women). Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche Elecsys, Mannheim, Germany).Primary and secondary outcome measures Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the seroprevalence according to sex, age group and region. The relative risks of being seropositive according to the characteristics of the study subjects were analysed using logistic regression analysis.Results The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 was 0.39% (95% CI=0.20% to 0.58%): 0.30% (95% CI=0.06% to 0.54%) for men and 0.48% (95% CI=0.18% to 0.78%) for women. The rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 positivity varied significantly between different regions of Korea (p=0.003), but not with age group, sex, or the statuses of obesity, diabetes, hypertension or smoking.Conclusions Most of the Korean population is still immunologically vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, but the seroprevalence has increased relative to that found in studies performed prior to September 2020 in Korea. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049837 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine