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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Aerosol generation in public restrooms.</text>
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                <text>Jesse H Schreck, Masoud Jahandar Lashaki, Javad Hashemi, Manhar Dhanak, Siddhartha Verma</text>
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                <text>Aerosolized droplets play a central role in the transmission of various infectious diseases, including Legionnaire's disease, gastroenteritis-causing norovirus, and most recently COVID-19. Respiratory droplets are known to be the most prominent source of transmission for COVID-19; however, alternative routes may exist given the discovery of small numbers of viable viruses in urine and stool samples. Flushing biomatter can lead to the aerosolization of micro-organisms; thus, there is a likelihood that bioaerosols generated in public restrooms may pose a concern for the transmission of COVID-19, especially since these areas are relatively confined, experience heavy foot traffic, and may suffer from inadequate ventilation. To quantify the extent of aerosolization, we measure the size and number of droplets generated by flushing toilets and urinals in a public restroom. The results indicate that the particular designs tested in the study generate a large number of droplets in the size range 0.3 μm - 3 μm , which can reach heights of at least 1.52 m. Covering the toilet reduced aerosol levels but did not eliminate them completely, suggesting that aerosolized droplets escaped through small gaps between the cover and the seat. In addition to consistent increases in aerosol levels immediately after flushing, there was a notable rise in ambient aerosol levels due to the accumulation of droplets from multiple flushes conducted during the tests. This highlights the need for incorporating adequate ventilation in the design and operation of public spaces, which can help prevent aerosol accumulation in high occupancy areas and mitigate the risk of airborne disease transmission.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>10.1063/5.0040310</text>
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                <text>Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Social and Solidarity Economy and Social Entrepreneurship: Encouraging Opportunities for Transformation in Complex Current Times</text>
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                <text>Carmen Guzmán Alfonso, Rocio Nogales Muriel</text>
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                <text>The current situation the world is experiencing with the Covid-19 pandemic is bringing forward the weaknesses of the prevailing economic system. In these circumstances, a demand for a change of paradigm is emerging, and the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) and social entrepreneurship play a key role in such scenario. This paper reflect on this situation and emphasizes the importance of going in depth in the field of research of SSE and social entrepreneurship, focusing in early-career researchers whose hands may hold some important keys for our future.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Emprendimiento social, Economía Social y Solidaria, Jóvenes investigadores, redes internacionales</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.33776/riesise.v3i0.5059</text>
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                <text>Revista Iberoamericana de Economía Solidaria e Innovación Socioecológica</text>
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                <text>Universidad de Huelva</text>
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                <text>Social sciences (General)</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Prediction of Epitope based Peptides for Vaccine Development from Complete Proteome of Novel Corona Virus (SARS-COV-2) Using Immunoinformatics.</text>
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                <text>Richa Jain, Ankit Jain, Santosh Kumar Verma</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus SARS-COV-2. It is the most dangerous epidemic existing currently all over the world. To date, there is no licensed vaccine and not any particular efficient therapeutic agent available to prevent or cure the disease. So development of an effective vaccine is the urgent need of the time. The proposed study aims to identify potential vaccine candidates by screening the complete proteome of SARS-COV-2 using the computational approach. From 14 protein entries in UniProtKB, 4 proteins were screened for epitope prediction based on consensus antigenicity predictions and various physico-chemical criteria like transmembrane domain, allergenicity, GRAVY value, toxicity, stability index. Comprehensive analysis of these 4 antigens revealed that spike protein (P0DTC2) and nucleoprotein (P0DTC9) show the greatest potential for experimental immunogenicity analysis. These 2 proteins have several potential CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes, as well as high probability of B-cell epitope regions as compared to well-characterized antigen the matrix protein 1 [Influenza A virus (H5N1)]. In addition, the epitope SIIAYTMSL predicted from spike protein (P0DTC2) and epitope SPRWYFYYL predicted from nucleoprotein (P0DTC9) exhibited more than 60% population coverage in the target populations Europe, North America, South Asia, Northeast Asia taken in this study. These epitopes have also been found to exhibit highly significant TCR-pMHC interactions having a joint Z value of 4.51 and 4.37 respectively. Therefore, this analysis suggests that the predicted epitopes might be suitable vaccine candidates and should be subjected to further in-vivo and in-vitro studies.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>epitope, vaccine, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, MHC</text>
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                <text>10.1007/s10989-021-10205-z</text>
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                <text>International journal of peptide research and therapeutics</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Neurologic Music Therapy via Telehealth: A Survey of Clinician Experiences, Trends, and Recommendations During the COVID-19 Pandemic</text>
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                <text>Lauren Patricia Cole, Tara Lynn Henechowicz, Kyurim Kang, Marija Pranjić, Nicole Marie Richard, Gloria L. J. Tian, Corene Hurt-Thaut</text>
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                <text>This cross-sectional survey investigated the transition of Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) services from in-person (pre-COVID-19) to telehealth (since COVID-19) to (1) determine whether the use of an NMT paradigm contributes to the successful transition of therapy services to telehealth, (2) identify which NMT domains and techniques are transferable from in-person to telehealth, (3) identify whether there are differences in the transition of NMT services across different employment settings, and (4) evaluate the potential benefits and challenges of telehealth NMT. An online survey comprised of 49 closed and open-ended questions was distributed by the Academy of Neurologic Music Therapy to 2,778 NMT affiliates worldwide. The survey sought information on demographics, telehealth perceptions, technology, assessment, clinical practice, safety, and caregiver involvement. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were applied. Eighty-one participants answered the survey and the 69 who completed the survey in its entirety were included in the analysis. Results indicated that the frequency of NMT technique usage had no impact on the overall number of clinical hours retained over telehealth. Correlation analysis revealed an association between more frequent NMT usage and perceived likelihood of using telehealth in the future (i.e., once COVID-19 is no longer a major threat), as well as with fewer group sessions lost over telehealth. All NMT domains transferred to telehealth, although within the sensorimotor domain, fewer therapists implemented rhythmic auditory stimulation for telehealth sessions compared to in-person. Overall, NMTs had fewer hours for telehealth compared to in-person regardless of employment setting. Technological challenges were notable drawbacks, while major benefits included the ability to continue providing NMT when in-person sessions were not possible, increased accessibility for remote clients, and positive outcomes related to increased caregiver involvement. Based on the results, our recommendations for implementing telehealth in Neurologic Music Therapy include integrating telehealth into routine care, mitigating safety concerns, identifying those who could benefit most from remote delivery, involving caregivers, and developing/sharing resources for telehealth NMT.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Pandemic, telehealth, Music, Music therapy, Neurologic music therapy</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fnins.2021.648489</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students’ Learning Life: An Integrated Conceptual Motivational Model for Sustainable and Healthy Online Learning</text>
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                <text>Nabil  Hasan Al-Kumaim, Abdulsalam  K. Alhazmi, Fathey Mohammed, Nadhmi  A. Gazem, Muhammad  Salman Shabbir, Yousef Fazea</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many organizations around the world to make full use of a variety of emerging online communication platform technologies. Universities are among the organizations that have asked students, tutors, and lecturers to use a number of different online communication platforms to ensure the education process remains uninterrupted. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated considerable challenges for the global higher education community while using such emerging technologies. This research has two main goals. First, this paper will begin by investigating whether the online learning platforms used by university students during the COVID-19 period have presented any challenges to their learning. Second, the paper will then go on to address proposed solutions by developing a conceptual model to reduce the impact of such challenges. This research uses an exploratory qualitative research approach, supported by literature content analysis techniques. The data set for this study was collected during the first peak of the pandemic period in Malaysia, between the 16th of May 2020 and the 5th of June 2020. We used SPSS to conduct a descriptive analysis and NVivo12 to analyse data collected from 486 students from different universities in Malaysia. These students disclosed various obstacles they encountered when they used IT platform applications for online learning. These obstacles include (a) work and information overload received from instructors, (b) inadaptability and unfamiliarity of the new online learning environment, and (c) personal health challenges related to stress and anxiety. Based on previous relevant research, this study introduced a set of motivational factors and developed a conceptual motivational model for sustainable and healthy online learning.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>online learning, covid-19 pandemic, students sustainable wellbeing, stress and integrated motivational model</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58545">
                <text>10.3390/su13052546</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58546">
                <text>Biotemas</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58547">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Neurotropic Viruses, Astrocytes, and COVID-19</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58550">
                <text>Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Miša Korva, Petra Tavčar, Maja Potokar, Maja Potokar, Marko Kolenc, Robert Zorec, Robert Zorec, Jernej Jorgačevski, Jernej Jorgačevski</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                <text>At the end of 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing a new coronavirus disease, termed COVID-19 by the WHO on February 11, 2020. At the time of this paper (January 31, 2021), more than 100 million cases have been recorded, which have claimed over 2 million lives worldwide. The most important clinical presentation of COVID-19 is severe pneumonia; however, many patients present various neurological symptoms, ranging from loss of olfaction, nausea, dizziness, and headache to encephalopathy and stroke, with a high prevalence of inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) syndromes. SARS-CoV-2 may also target the respiratory center in the brainstem and cause silent hypoxemia. However, the neurotropic mechanism(s) by which SARS-CoV-2 affects the CNS remain(s) unclear. In this paper, we first address the involvement of astrocytes in COVID-19 and then elucidate the present knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 as a neurotropic virus as well as several other neurotropic flaviviruses (with a particular emphasis on the West Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Zika virus) to highlight the neurotropic mechanisms that target astroglial cells in the CNS. These key homeostasis-providing cells in the CNS exhibit many functions that act as a favorable milieu for virus replication and possibly a favorable environment for SARS-CoV-2 as well. The role of astrocytes in COVID-19 pathology, related to aging and neurodegenerative disorders, and environmental factors, is discussed. Understanding these mechanisms is key to better understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and for developing new strategies to mitigate the neurotropic manifestations of COVID-19.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58552">
                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58553">
                <text>covid-19, flavivirus, SARS-CoV-2, neuroinfection, astrocyte, neurotropic virus</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58554">
                <text>10.3389/fncel.2021.662578</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58555">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58556">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58557">
                <text>Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="6616" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/7e2fb63d2683274b32e8f0584ee199b7.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58558">
                <text>Esclerosis múltiple en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58559">
                <text>Alexander Ariel Padrón González, Alberto Juan Dorta-Contreras</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58560">
                <text>En la esclerosis múltiple se pierde la tolerancia inmunitaria a las vainas de mielina. Los virus pueden intervenir en su etiopatogenia. La actual pandemia de COVID-19 puede incrementar los casos y exacerbar los brotes de esta enfermedad.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58561">
                <text>2020</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58562">
                <text>coronavirus, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Esclerosis múltiple</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58563">
                <text>Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58564">
                <text>Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas.  Editorial de Ciencias Médicas (ECIMED)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58565">
                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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  <item itemId="6617" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6617">
        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/881d7e4e44c36eae50414e0cfca5a6d9.pdf</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Coping With the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining Gender Differences in Stress and Mental Health Among University Students</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58567">
                <text>Robert L. Gabrys, Alfonso Abizaid, Rebecca Prowse, Frances Sherratt, Kim G. C. Hellemans, Zachary R. Patterson, Robyn J. McQuaid, Robyn J. McQuaid, Robyn J. McQuaid</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a wide variety of unprecedented challenges, many of which appear to be disproportionately affecting the mental health and well-being of young adults. While there is evidence to suggest university students experience high rates of mental health disorders, less is known about the specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on student mental health and how they are coping with this stress. To address this gap, we conducted an online study among undergraduate students (n = 366) to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academics, social isolation, and mental health, as well as the extent to which they have been implementing a variety of coping strategies. The pandemic had a more pronounced negative effect on female students' academics, social isolation, stress and mental health compared to male counterparts. Moreover, for females, frequent use of social media as a coping mechanism was associated with greater perceived negative impacts on their academic performance and stress levels, compared to males. However, frequent social media use related to similar negative mental health effects for both males and females. While male and female students both reported using substances to cope, for males the use of cannabis was associated with greater negative impacts on academic outcomes, stress and mental health compared to females. These findings highlight the need for adequate student support services across the post-secondary sector, and point to the importance of gender informed interventions to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>mental health, covid-19, Stress, Coping, university students, emerging adults</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58571">
                <text>10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650759</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58572">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58573">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Psychiatry</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Professors' Expectations About Online Education and Its Relationship With Characteristics of University Entrance and Students' Academic Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Rubia Cobo-Rendón, Karla Lobos Peña, Claudio Bustos-Navarrete, Carolyn Fernández Branada, Carolyn Fernández Branada, Carola Bruna Jofré, Carola Bruna Jofré, Alejandra Maldonado Trapp</text>
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                <text>Due to COVID-19, universities have been facing challenges in generating the best possible experience for students with online academic training programs. To analyze professors' expectations about online education and relate them to student academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic, and considering the socio-demographic, entry, and prior university performance variables of students. A prospective longitudinal design was used to analyze the expectations of 546 professors (54.8% male) in T1. In T2, the impact of the expectations of 382 of these professors (57.6% men) was analyzed, who taught courses during the first semester to a total of 14,838 university students (44.6% men). Professors' expectations and their previous experience of online courses were obtained during T1, and the students' academic information was obtained in T2. A questionnaire examining the Expectations toward Virtual Education in Higher Education for Professors was used. 84.9% of the professors were considered to have moderate to high skills for online courses. Differences in expectations were found according to the professors' training level. The professors' self-efficacy for online education, institutional engagement, and academic planning had the highest scores. The expectations of professors did not directly change the academic performance of students; however, a moderating effect of professor's expectations was identified in the previous student academic performance relationship on their current academic performance.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>covid-19, higher education, online teaching and learning, University Student, students' experiences</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58580">
                <text>10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642391</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58581">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58582">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Grabow Niels, Siewert Stefan, Stiehm Michael, Schmitz Klaus-Peter, Kaule Sebastian, Bock Andrea, Dierke Ariane, Klar Ernst, Leuchter Matthias, Lenarz Thomas, Zygmunt Marek, Schmidt Wolfram</text>
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                <text>The European Parliament and the European Council on May 26, 2017 decided to introduce the new regulatory framework for medical devices. The transitional period of the so called Medical Device Regulation (EU 2017/745, MDR) should end on May 26, 2020. Currently the European Commission is working on a proposal to postpone the application for one year to relieve pressure from all stakeholders allowing them to fully focus on priorities related to the coronavirus crisis. From this date or most likely from May 26, 2021, manufacturers must present a CE-certificate according to the new MDR requirements not only for novel medical devices, but also for approved medical devices which are already on the market. The MDR will significantly complicate the process of bringing medical devices into market due to the increased requirements for the CE-certification process, particularly concerning increased documentation effort. This involves a risk for the translation of innovative products due to an overload of the overall system (manufacturers, Notified Bodies, experts) and might lead to shrinkage of the product range of existing products. Thankfully, adaption of transitional periods, special regulations, extensions of deadlines and most probably postponement of the MDR application date will ensure that there will be no gaps in medical supply that endanger patients. Establishing and keeping the relevant regulatory expertise up to date and devoting the necessary financial, time and human resources that is the biggest immediate challenge the medium-sized medical technology sector is facing in the near future. The current article, written about one month before the initially expected end of the first transition period on May 26, 2020, summarized the main aspects of the current state of MDR implementation with respect to regulatory novelties, the current legal basis in Germany, transition periods and changes in the requirements of CE-certification relevant technical documentation. Furthermore, challenges for existing and innovative medical devices were shortly discussed using a new stent based therapy of the proximal Fallopian tubal stenosis and transcatheter aortic valve implantation as two examples.</text>
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                <text>10.1515/cdbme-2020-3086</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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