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                <text>Nacima Moussouni, Mohamed Aliane</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus disease of 2019 or COVID-19 (acronym for coronavirus disease 2019) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a strain of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-22, contagious with human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces then touching them face. Faced with what the world lives, to define this problem, we have modeled it as an optimal control problem based on the models of William Ogilvy Kermack et Anderson Gray McKendrick, called SEIR model, modified by adding compartments suitable for our study. Our objective in this work is to maximize the number of recovered people while minimizing the number of infected. We solved the problem theoretically using the Pontryagin maximum principle, numerically we used and compared results of two methods namely the indirect method (shooting method) and the Euler discretization method, implemented in MATLAB.</text>
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                <text>Epidemic, covid-19, Optimal control, shooting method, Euler Discretization Method</text>
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                <text>An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories &amp; Applications</text>
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                <text>Balikesir University</text>
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                <text>Mathematics, Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods</text>
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                <text>You are my death: the shattered temporalities of zombie time [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]</text>
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                <text>Martin O'Brien</text>
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                <text>This essay considers the relationship between the experience of life shortening chronic illness and the current COVID-19 crisis. Martin O’Brien uses his experience of living with cystic fibrosis to interrogate the temporal experience of living within a global pandemic. He returns to his concept of zombie time, the temporal experience of living longer than expected, in order to understand the presence of death as a way of life. The essay uses some of O’Brien’s own art practices, and an analysis of his own sick, coughing body in order to think through what it means to live with cystic fibrosis during a pandemic, which mimics much of its features. O’Brien argues that we are currently occupying a widespread zombie time, which frames other people as carriers of death, and that we must find ways of being together in order to survive.</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL STOCKS IN INDONESIA: A WAVELET-BASED STUDY</text>
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                <text>Mohsin Ali, Urooj Anwar, Muhammad Haseeb</text>
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                <text>The recent literature shows that COVID-19 has impacted stock markets around the world in many ways. In this paper, we examine the reaction of the Indonesian stock market to COVID-19. We apply the continuous wavelet coherence methodology to daily COVID-19 related deaths and daily conventional and Islamic stock indices in Indonesia. We find that COVID-19 negatively impacts the returns of both indices and enhances their volatility. We find the Islamic stock index to be more volatile as compared to its conventional counterpart during the COVID-19 outbreak.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>Wavelet coherence, Co-movement, Jakarta Islamic Index, Jakarta Composite Index</text>
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                <text>10.21098/bemp.v24i0.1480</text>
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                <text>Bulletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan</text>
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                <text>Bank Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Finance</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Value of Viral Nucleic Acid in Sputum and Feces and Specific IgM/IgG in Serum for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019</text>
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                <text>Yuwen He, Jiangyan Luo, Jie Yang, Jinlong Song, Li Wei, Weifeng Ma</text>
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                <text>A new type of coronavirus-induced pneumonia eventually termed “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) was diagnosed in patients in Wuhan (Hubei Province, China) in December 2019, and soon spread worldwide. To improve the detection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we analyzed the results of viral nucleic acid and serum-specific antibody tests on clinical samples from 20 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University in China. By comparing various sample types collected from COVID-19 patients, we revealed multiple pathways for SARS-CoV-2 shedding, and a prolonged detectable period for viral nucleic acid test in sputum specimens, demonstrating that the timeline of the viral shedding is of great value in determining the time of release from quarantine or discharge from hospital. We also recommend for the application of serological test to assist in confirming SARS-CoV-2 infection judged by viral nucleic acid test, especially when COVID-19-related symptoms have appeared and the viral nucleic acid test was negative. Our findings are critical for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and for determining deadline of restriction measures to prevent transmission caused by convalescent patients with COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Feces, sputum, SARS-CoV-2, Serological test, nucleic acid test</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fcimb.2020.00445</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 Therapeutic Options Under Investigation</text>
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                <text>Amani Audi, Malak AlIbrahim, Malak Kaddoura, Ghina Hijazi, Hassan Zaraket, Malak Kaddoura, Malak AlIbrahim, Ghina Hijazi, Nadia Soudani, Nadia Soudani, Amani Audi, Habib Alkalamouni, Habib Alkalamouni, Salame Haddad, Salame Haddad, Ali Eid, Hassan Zaraket</text>
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                <text>Since its emergence in China in December 2019, COVID-19 has quickly spread around the globe causing a pandemic. Vaccination or the development of herd immunity seems the only way to slow down the spread of the virus; however, both are not achievable in the near future. Therefore, effective treatments to mitigate the burden of this pandemic and reduce mortality rates are urgently needed. Preclinical and clinical studies of potential antiviral and immunomodulatory compounds and molecules to identify safe and efficacious therapeutics for COVID-19 are ongoing. Two compounds, remdesivir, and dexamethasone have been so far shown to reduce COVID-19–associated death. Here, we provide a review of the potential therapeutic agents being considered for the treatment and management of COVID-19 patients.</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fphar.2020.01196</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Therapeutics. Pharmacology</text>
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                <text>Modeling and Forecasting Infections, Fatalities and Recoveries from COVID-19 pandemic in SSA: A case of the 10 hotspot in Sub-Saharan Africa</text>
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                <text>Momodou Mustapha Fanneh, Mustapha Jobarteh, John T. Mendy, Amadou Jawo</text>
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                <text>This paper aims to model COVID 19 infections and fatalities and how the growth paradigm of the continent will shift overtime. The study used epidemiological data of countries and two mathematical models, i.e., Logistic model growth model and modified growth model to predict number of patients (infections), number of deaths and number of recoveries from COVID-19 in the continent. In this study, it is showed that with the current state of the spread of the COVID19, it is projected that the number of infections will reach 141,733 in the next 30 days and 986,059 patients in the next 60 days. Also, 12,972 will die in the next 30 days and 151,190 in the next 60 days and 73,590 will recover in the next 30 days and 490,547 in the next 60 days. These estimates will help countries to strengthen their policies towards COVID-19 such as lockdown, social distancing, wearing of face masks, washing of hands with water and soap and using hand sanitizers.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, covid-19, Forecasting, Logistic growth, modified exponential growth</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Social sciences (General)</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Why communities must be at the centre of the Coronavirus disease 2019 response: Lessons from Ebola and human immunodeficiency virus in Africa</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="67768">
                <text>Oliver Johnson, Tinashe Goronga</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread globally, with no effective treatment or vaccine yet available, governments in many countries have put in place social interventions to control the outbreak. The various lockdown measures may have devastating impacts on economies and livelihoods. This approach risks undermining public trust in government responses and therefore undermines efforts to promote behaviour change, which is key to the success of social interventions. Important lessons can be drawn from past Ebola outbreaks and the human immunodeficiency virus pandemic on how communities should be central to COVID-19 responses. Communities are complex and only their members can inform public health experts about their lived realities, the community’s understanding of the outbreak and what will work locally to reduce transmission. The public should be encouraged to take positive actions to ensure their own health and well-being, rather than made to feel powerless. Communities should be supported to develop their own response plans, community leaders should be recognised as vital assets, community representatives should have equal inclusion in strategic meetings and greater empathy should be built into decision-making processes.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>coronavirus, Outbreak, covid-19, community, empathy, Community Engagement, Behaviour change, non-pharmaceutical intervention</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2496</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="67773">
                <text>African Journal of Primary Health Care &amp; Family Medicine</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="67774">
                <text>AOSIS</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="67775">
                <text>Medicine, Public aspects of medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Patients from Clinical, Biochemical and a Qualitative Chest X-Ray Scoring System</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="67777">
                <text>Esposito A, Casiraghi E, Chiaraviglio F, Scarabelli A, Stellato E, Plensich G, Lastella G, Di Meglio L, Fusco S, Avola E, Jachetti A, Giannitto C, Malchiodi D, Frasca M, Beheshti A, Robinson PN, Valentini G, Forzenigo L, Carrafiello G</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Andrea Esposito,1 Elena Casiraghi,2 Francesca Chiaraviglio,1 Alice Scarabelli,3 Elvira Stellato,3 Guido Plensich,3 Giulia Lastella,1 Letizia Di Meglio,3 Stefano Fusco,3 Emanuele Avola,3 Alessandro Jachetti,4 Caterina Giannitto,5 Dario Malchiodi,2 Marco Frasca,2 Afshin Beheshti,6,7 Peter N Robinson,8,9 Giorgio Valentini,2 Laura Forzenigo,1 Gianpaolo Carrafiello1 1Radiology Department, Foundation IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, 20122, Italy; 2Anacleto Lab, Computer Science Department, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy; 3Postgraduate School of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy; 4Accident and Emergency Department, Foundation IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, 20122, Italy; 5Radiology Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, 20013, Italy; 6KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; 7Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; 8The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA; 9Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USACorrespondence: Elvira Stellato; Alice Scarabelli Email elvira.stellato@gmail.com; alice.scarabelli1105@gmail.comPurpose: To determine the performance of a chest radiograph (CXR) severity scoring system combined with clinical and laboratory data in predicting the outcome of COVID-19 patients.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 301 patients who had reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive results for COVID-19. CXRs, clinical and laboratory data were collected. A CXR severity scoring system based on a qualitative evaluation by two expert thoracic radiologists was defined. Based on the clinical outcome, the patients were divided into two classes: moderate/mild (patients who did not die or were not intubated) and severe (patients who were intubated and/or died). ROC curve analysis was applied to identify the cut-off point maximizing the Youden index in the prediction of the outcome. Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed through Boruta and Random Forest classifiers.Results: The agreement between the two radiologist scores was substantial (kappa = 0.76). A radiological score &amp;ge; 9 predicted a severe class: sensitivity = 0.67, specificity = 0.58, accuracy = 0.61, PPV = 0.40, NPV = 0.81, F1 score = 0.50, AUC = 0.65. Such performance was improved to sensitivity = 0.80, specificity = 0.86, accuracy = 0.84, PPV = 0.73, NPV = 0.90, F1 score = 0.76, AUC= 0.82, combining two clinical variables (oxygen saturation [SpO2]), the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen [P/F ratio] and three laboratory test results (C-reactive protein, lymphocytes [%], hemoglobin).Conclusion: Our CXR severity score assigned by the two radiologists, who read the CXRs combined with some specific clinical data and laboratory results, has the potential role in predicting the outcome of COVID-19 patients.Keywords: radiography, thoracic, COVID-19, artificial intelligence, prognosis</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>covid-19, prognosis, artificial intelligence, thoracic, Radiography</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="67781">
                <text>Biotemas</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: A Next-Generation Probiotic in Gut Disease Improvement</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="67785">
                <text>Xiaoya He, Shuyang Zhao, Yan Li</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="67786">
                <text>The researchers are paying more attention to the role of gut commensal bacteria in health development beyond the classical pathogens. It has been widely demonstrated that dysbiosis, which means the alternations of the gut microbial structure, is closely associated with development of intestinal chronic inflammation-related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and even infectious diseases including bacterial and viral infection. Thus, for reshaping ecological balance, a growing body of the literatures have proposed numerous strategies to modulate the structure of the gut microbiota, which provide more revelation for amelioration of these inflammation or infection-related diseases. While the ameliorative effects of traditional probiotics seem negligeable, emerging next generation probiotics (NGPs) start to receive great attention as new preventive and therapeutic tools. Encouragingly, within the last decade, the intestinal symbiotic bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has emerged as the “sentinel of the gut,” with multifunction of anti-inflammation, gut barrier enhancement, and butyrate production. A lower abundance of F. prausnitzii has been shown in IBD, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and virus infection such as COVID-19. It is reported that intervention with higher richness of F. prausnitzii through dietary modulation, fecal microbiota transplantation, or culture strategy can protect the mice or the subjects from inflammatory diseases. Therefore, F. prausnitzii may have potential ability to reduce microbial translocation and inflammation, preventing occurrences of gastrointestinal comorbidities especially in COVID-19 patients.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="67787">
                <text>2021</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="67788">
                <text>10.1155/2021/6666114</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="67789">
                <text>Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="67790">
                <text>Hindawi Limited</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="67791">
                <text>Microbiology, Infectious and parasitic diseases</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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