776 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/da079a6f8144f9d66f4b6233b741bdab.pdf b4a98d3fb81dff67e0a80efa97fb7278 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Simplified Mathematical Modeling of Uncertainty: Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Spain Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julio Emilio Marco-Franco, Silvia González-de Julián, Pedro Pita-Barros, Iryna Sabat, David Vivas-Consuelo Description An account of the resource When exceptional situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, arise and reliable data is not available at decision-making times, estimation using mathematical models can provide a reasonable reckoning for health planning. We present a simplified model (static but with two-time references) for estimating the cost-effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. A simplified model provides a quick assessment of the upper bound of cost-effectiveness, as we illustrate with data from Spain, and allows for easy comparisons between countries. It may also provide useful comparisons among different vaccines at the marketplace, from the perspective of the buyer. From the analysis of this information, key epidemiological figures, and costs of the disease for Spain have been estimated, based on mortality. The fatality rate is robust data that can alternatively be obtained from death registers, funeral homes, cemeteries, and crematoria. Our model estimates the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) to be 5132 € (4926–5276) as of 17 February 2021, based on the following assumptions/inputs: An estimated cost of 30 euros per dose (plus transport, storing, and administration), two doses per person, efficacy of 70% and coverage of 70% of the population. Even considering the possibility of some bias, this simplified model provides confirmation that vaccination against COVID-19 is highly cost-effective. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, Mathematical Modelling, cost effectiveness analysis (CEA), COVID-19 vaccination, health economics modelling, Best Adjustment of Related Values (BARV) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/math9050566 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Mathematics https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/a248491908be270a6b75334f80b718b8.pdf 59c3ea6da39c82907cc1005cf9857f6f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Putting Patient Concerns on the Policy Agenda Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gyan Moorthy Description An account of the resource Photo by Possessed Photography on Unsplash INTRODUCTION  Currently, the interests of patients at most levels of policymaking are represented by a disconnected patchwork of groups focusing on disease, age, ethnicity, or gender, like Susan G. Komen, the AARP, and the NAACP. These groups compete with one another for funding and are ill-equipped to compete with groups representing the interests of healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical and medical device companies, hospitals, and insurance providers. The result is an imbalance – big health has more financing and power, resulting in healthcare policy that does not adequately reflect patient concerns, especially the concerns of poor or otherwise vulnerable patients. These big health groups also misrepresent patient concerns to further their own interests, and patients are seldom in a position to push back. While some suggest the creation of a unified, independent patient lobby to interface directly with policymakers and the public, it is not altogether clear how such a lobby could be formed or how to focus its efforts to have the intended impact. ANALYSIS Nearly all Americans will be patients at some point in their life, so patients are a diverse group. They have a range of unique interests informed by their disease, age, location, socioeconomic situation and, to some extent, political views. The differences that exist between individual patients are much greater than the differences between different pharmaceutical companies or even different physicians. But this does not mean that patients have nothing in common. Most patients have similar expectations about the confidentiality of their records or protections that should be afforded to them if their treating physician asks them to participate in a research trial. They want to be able to receive care at the nearest emergency department and to choose their doctors. They all hate surprise medical billing, and most are troubled by the high price of prescription drugs. A strong patient lobby might be able to successfully pressure Congress into taking action on these issues, or at least help advance the conversation by serving as a counterweight to the influence of other lobbies. The 2001 Bipartisan Patient Bill of Rights, sponsored by Senators John McCain (R, AZ) and Edward Kennedy (D, MA), would have expanded HMO coverage requirements and enabled employees to sue their employers if their claims were denied.[1] It failed after a sustained lobbying and public information campaign by insurance companies and employers, linked through the deceptively-named Health Benefits Coalition.[2] Several efforts to end surprise medical billing and promote price transparency have similarly failed or been stalled, in part because the American Hospital Association (AHA) complained that the changes would be too difficult to implement during the COVID-19 pandemic.[3] The Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted some popular changes, including an elimination of coverage exclusions for people with pre-existing conditions, closure of the Medicare Part D “donut hole,” and expansion of coverage to age 26.[4] A patient lobby might have been able to secure more benefits, e.g., coverage requirements for dental, vision, and mental health services. But the need to protect the ACA may be a better impetus for the formation of a strong patient lobby. The ACA has already been gutted by the Trump Administration’s actions to end certain insurance subsidies and Congress’s decision to repeal the penalty associated with the individual mandate, resulting in premium increases.[5] Cuts to funds that facilitate sign-ups on the exchanges also resulted in premium increases. The individual mandate is the subject of yet another Supreme Court challenge. If the legislation is struck down, already weakened protections for pre-existing conditions will be in jeopardy.[6] The changes to the ACA may galvanize patients to organize. Already, the general public’s interest in health policy has increased and appears to remain strong, unlike the waning enthusiasm following the failure of the Clinton healthcare plan. Nevertheless, there are significant practical and cultural obstacles to the formation of a unified, independent patient lobby in the United States, and limits to what such a lobby could reasonably accomplish. Patients are a diverse group, and on a variety of issues, they can hardly be considered a group at all. The healthcare system consists of many interlocking parts. A provision to significantly benefit one group of patients, e.g., those on Medicaid, may not only come at the expense of insurance companies, but at the expense of other groups of patients. It is doubtful that most better-off patients would be willing to make sacrifices for the more disadvantaged among them. Research funding is limited, and if it is allocated to curing childhood leukemia, it may not be allocated to curing joint disease in the elderly. Then there is the problem of what is actually necessary to promote patient welfare. Patients often do not know exactly what will benefit them, whether their town really needs a Level IV neonatal intensive care unit or whether pharmaceutical companies should be able to advertise off-label drug uses. Even if they agree on general problems, they may not agree on solutions. Patient groups are also susceptible to industry influence. The prestige of larger, well-established patient advocacy groups makes them attractive investments. According to a 2017 study in the New England Journal of Medicine, more than 80 percent of the largest 104 patient advocacy groups accepted money from drug, medical device, and biotechnology companies. Several groups did not disclose sources of funding or did not disclose what proportion of their budget came from each donor. Many also have company executives on their governing boards.[7] When diverse patient advocacy groups have banded together to increase their clout, industry has always been a part of the conversation. The results have been predictable. For example, the American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, and the American Diabetes Association, as well as various pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are all members of the National Health Council, an organization founded to advocate for those living with chronic diseases and disabilities. These companies provide the majority of the Council’s funding and have strong representation on its board. In 2016, the Council came out strongly in favor of a deal between the FDA and pharmaceutical companies to speed the approval of new drugs as part of the reauthorization of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act. It also campaigned energetically for the 21st Century Cures Act, which was criticized by watchdogs as another attempt at weakening the FDA’s protection of consumers from dangerous drugs and medical devices.[8]It is possible that patients really believed they would benefit from these changes, and perhaps some will, but the changes will chiefly benefit the pharmaceutical industry, the legitimacy of which is boosted by its partnerships with patient groups. Since the 1960s, medical culture has undergone dramatic changes. Patients are seen more as partners in health and well-being than passive slabs of clay. Their individual value systems and social context are incorporated into care plans. The result has been more satisfied patients, more cost-effective care delivery, and better health outcomes.[9] These productive partnerships could extend into policymaking by expanding the physician-patient dyad, or physician-patient-hospital triad, to include more actors. Keeping interest high and ensuring that the voices of some patients do not drown out the voices of others will be a challenge. To begin to broaden patient groups at the local level, hospitals and clinics can host community meetings, where patients, healthcare providers, and administrators talk about the issues affecting them and brainstorm solutions. Trust grows over time. Perhaps patients can secure more forgiving medical debt repayment programs, reforms to arbitration procedures, more permissive visitation policies, or transparency in ethics and quality improvement committee deliberations and recommendations. Local patient groups can help steer conversations and exert gentle pressure, where necessary. They can ensure that hospitals and physicians do not blindly follow national guidelines but tailor them to meet the specific needs of the local population. They can publish lists of institutions or physicians who engage productively with them, potentially costing others goodwill and business. State and national institutions involved in health policy creation can also attempt to incorporate patient voices into their deliberations. Unlike in Germany, where all Health Committee hearings feature testimony from the same several Spitzenverbände (national associations of various interests) and all meetings and briefs are made accessible online, US legislation is deliberated in a haphazard, back-and-forth process that involves a lot of back-room dealing.[10] That is, there is no single table at which American patient groups can sit to have far-reaching impact; they must establish themselves at multiple levels and learn to play a lobbying game that other interests have been playing a lot longer. But state public health departments in addition to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) could establish public/patient advisory boards or include patient advocates as agenda setters in various sub-departments. Some short-term results could be more generous Medicaid eligibility and coverage requirements or accelerated Certificate-of-Need hearings for the creation of new medical infrastructure. In the long-term, the institutionalized representation of patient voices at various places in the bureaucracy could provide the basis for the development of a unified patient lobby. These boards could vie for increased influence through membership in a formalized, state, regional, or national organization. Local patient advocacy groups could be incorporated as well.[11] After consolidation, the lobby might expand its purview and meaningfully pressure legislatures on issues like surprise medical billing, high prescription drug prices, and privacy protections. The lobby’s success may depend on its commitment to issues on which there is little disagreement between patients. To ensure the continued independence of the patient lobby, sunshine laws mandating funding transparency could be expanded.[12] Importantly, this unified patient lobby could include existing patient advocacy groups that could continue to pursue their own goals independently, much as various pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and physicians do outside of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), the AHA, or the American Medical Association (AMA). The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: a unified patient lobby can (1) push for action on issues where patients generally agree, like surprise medical billing, (2) indirectly further the goals of each constituent organization, e.g., through a push for global increases in disease and disability research, and (3) slowly raise the level of public debate, encouraging and sustaining broader and more informed public attention to the health policy development process. Ideally, a unified patient lobby would also elevate previously-unheard voices. As patients with various backgrounds and interests work with one another to achieve their common goals, they may find that they have other things in common as well. They may also see that improving the health of some parts of the population has important spillover effects for others. For example, healthy workers are more productive, and healthy parents can be more engaged in their children’s lives, setting them up for success. In the same way that the AARP has special divisions to promote the particular interests of its black and Hispanic members, an umbrella patient lobbying group could allocate some resources to promoting the interests of disadvantaged patients. Most importantly, however, it could create a tighter sense of community among patients, pushing society to become more compassionate and understanding. James Morone would warn that creating mechanisms for increasing the representation of disaffected or marginalized groups is not a panacea. This “democratic wish” could begin a social and political process that ends in circumstances similar to those that initially brought it about: political stalemate.[13] But I argue that the stalemate is avoidable, and that group representation can further democracy. Disease, age, ethnicity, and gender groups like the American Association of Pediatrics (AAP), which campaigns for policies that benefit children’s health, should continue to represent patient interests as well. Within the unified patient lobby, experts on cost and quality, including those who suggest unpopular solutions like certain changes to Medicare, should be heard and, in many cases, heeded. A unified, independent patient lobby could help to restore balance to a policymaking process dominated by other well-funded, well-organized interests. CONCLUSION Patients in the United States are a diverse group, with complicated and often contradictory interests. However, they do share some common interests including expectations of confidentiality, freedom to choose their providers, and a hatred of surprise medical billing. Though there are structural obstacles to the development of a unified, independent patient lobby, such a lobby could successfully pressure the appropriate officials or lawmakers to address the issues that affect most patients. Today’s culture values patient input, and with key ACA provisions at risk, patients should begin organizing so they can influence policymaking – potentially with a little help from bureaucrats. To get off the ground, a patient lobbying group analogous to PhRMA, the AHA, or the AMA would have to commit to a big tent philosophy, and it would have to fight hard to maintain its independence. With time, it might become more ambitious and catalyze substantive changes in the arena of patient access and care. [1] US Congress. Senate. 2001. Bipartisan Patient Protection Act. S1052. 107th Congress. Introduced in Senate June 14, 2001. https://www.congress.gov/107/bills/s1052/BILLS-107s1052es.pdf. [2] Brubaker, Bill. 2001. “Patients’ Bill’s Foes Back Away From Ad.” Washington Post, April 12, 2001. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2001/04/12/patients-bills-foes-back-away-from-ad/53377e06-e173-4bd0-8e5b-797c172c34fc/. [3] LaPointe, Jacqueline. 2020. “Surprise Billing Action Needed, But Hospitals Urge Congress to Wait.” RevCycleIntelligence, August 6, 2020. https://revcycleintelligence.com/news/surprise-billing-action-needed-but-hospitals-urge-congress-to-wait. [4] Engel, Jonathan. 2018. Unaffordable. Madison and London: The University of Wisconsin Press. [5] Kamal, Rabah, Rachel Fehr, Marco Ramirez, and Katherine Horstman. 2018. “How Repeal of the Individual Mandate and Expansion of Loosely Regulated Plans Are Affecting 2019 Premiums.” KFF. October 26, 2018. https://www.kff.org/health-costs/issue-brief/how-repeal-of-the-individual-mandate-and-expansion-of-loosely-regulated-plans-are-affecting-2019-premiums/. [6] Simmons-Duffin, Selena. 2019. “Trump Is Trying Hard To Thwart Obamacare. How’s That Going?” NPR, October 14, 2019. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/14/768731628/trump-is-trying-hard-to-thwart-obamacare-hows-that-going. [7] McCoy, Matthew S., Michael Carniol, Katherine Chockley, John W. Urwin, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, and Harald Schmidt. 2017. “Conflicts of Interest for Patient-Advocacy Organizations.” New England Journal of Medicine 376 (9): 880–85. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr1610625. [8] Hilzenrath, David S. 2016. “In FDA Meetings, ‘Voice’ of the Patient Often Funded by Drug Companies.” Project On Government Oversight (POGO). https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2016/12/in-fda-meetings-voice-of-patient-often-funded-by-drug-companies/. [9] Vahdat, Shaghayegh, Leila Hamzehgardeshi, Somayeh Hessam, and Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi. 2014. “Patient Involvement in Health Care Decision Making: A Review.” Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 16 (1). https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.12454. [10] Redman, Eric. 2000. The Dance of Legislation: An Insider’s Account of the Workings of the United States Senate. 1st edition. Seattle: University of Washington Press. [11] This is just one possible means by which a unified patient lobby could be formed. Others include slowly, in a grass-roots fashion, by wealthy benefactors or through consolidation of existing disease-specific groups in a more substantive way than has been done to date. I do not claim to know which is most feasible, or if any of them are. But even if they are not, it is important to think about, as future leaders, interested parties, etc. can shape culture and institutions such that they become feasible. [12] Karas, Laura, Robin Feldman, Ge Bai, So Yeon Kang, and Gerard F Anderson. 2019. “Pharmaceutical Industry Funding to Patient-Advocacy Organizations: A Cross-National Comparison of Disclosure Codes and Regulation” 42 (2): 33. [13] Morone, James. 1998. The Democratic Wish: Popular Participation and the Limits of American Government. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource Patient, gender, Age, disease, Philosophy, policy-making, AMA, big health Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ethics, Medical philosophy. Medical ethics https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/76ce6ebd58daf47fd9b0b3b8f6678848.pdf c240771ae0e83ef517944fe9d0e65f5d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BIOLOGICAL LEARNING ADAPTATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD IN PONOROGO 1 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NAWAWI NAWAWI, SUKARDI SUKARDI, ISRA' INDAR HANDAYANI Description An account of the resource This study aims to see an overview of the adaptations that students have made to learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in biology subjects at Ponorogo 1 Public High School. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative method with data collection carried out through online questionnaires using the google formula to 361 students of Ponorogo 1 Public High School from Class X, XI, and XII MIPA related to the implementation of biology learning. Based on online questionnaires, 67.31% of respondents had difficulty understanding the learning material because they did not meet directly with the teacher so that 50.14% of respondents tried to always come on time to participate in online learning. The application that mostly like by 68.70% of respondents is google classroom. While 93.91% of respondents can apply independent learning, and 77.56% of respondents feel happy with online learning. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource Adaptation, biology learning, pandemic period Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.30650/ajte.v3i1.2139 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Education, Language and Literature https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/f69a43ce526a02a3a4bf579c341ab745.pdf b98e4c625cec14290487e689ca93aa65 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to COVID-19: profile of age and gender in Iraqi patients Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ali H. Ad’hiah, Risala H. Allami, Maha H. Abdullah, Ali J. R. AL-Sa’ady, Mustafa Y. Alsudani, Rasool M. S. Shnawa, Khawla I. Misha’al, Iftikhar A. Jassim, Estabraq A. Taqi Description An account of the resource Abstract Background A case-control study was performed to examine age, gender, and ABO blood groups in 1014 Iraqi hospitalized cases with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 901 blood donors (control group). The infection was molecularly diagnosed by detecting coronavirus RNA in nasal swabs of patients. Results Mean age was significantly elevated in cases compared to controls (48.2 ± 13.8 vs. 29.9 ± 9.0 year; probability [p] < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the predictive significance of age in COVID-19 evolution (Area under curve = 0.858; 95% CI: 0.841 – 0.875; p < 0.001). Males outnumbered females in cases (60.4 vs. 39.6%) and controls (56 vs. 44%). Stratification by age group (< 30, 30 – 39, 40 – 49 and ≥ 50 years) revealed that 48.3% of cases clustered in the age group ≥ 50 years. ABO blood group analysis showed that group A was the most common among cases, while group O was the most common among controls (35.5 and 36.7%, respectively). Blood groups A (35.5 vs. 32.7; corrected p [pc] = 0.021), A+AB (46.3 vs. 41.7%; pc = 0.021) and A+B+AB (68.0 vs. 63.3%; pc = 0.007) showed significantly elevated frequencies in cases compared to controls. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios (ORs) of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 - 2.02), 1.48 (95% CI: 1.14 - 1.93) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.82) for blood groups A, A+AB and A+B+AB, respectively. Blood group frequencies showed no significant differences between age groups of cases or controls. Regarding gender, male cases were marked with increased frequency of group A (39.9 vs. 28.9%) and decreased frequency of group O (25.9 vs. 41.0%) compared to female cases. Independent re-analysis of ABO blood groups in male and female cases demonstrated that group A was increased in male cases compared to male controls (39.9 vs. 33.1%; OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24 - 2.21; pc = 0.006). On the contrary, no significant differences were found between females of cases and controls. Conclusions The study results indicated that blood group A may be associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19, particularly in males. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, gender, Age, Logistic regression Analysis, ABO blood groups Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1186/s43042-020-00115-y Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biotemas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Genetics, Medicine (General) https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/e1eb7f692fb0b54e838d37ac1e8b66cd.pdf ea1c9752f6f6f8d9f7e7bd310ebd8589 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Uniting Electroceutical and Cosmeceutical Interventions in Combating Coronavirus Using Ԑ-Poly-L-Lysine Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rania M. Hathout, Dina H. Kassem Description An account of the resource Combating the COVID-19 pandemic warrants the exploitation of all the available tools and implies a major focus on both the biological and the physical properties of the causing virus (SARS-CoV2). We hereby introduce a new prophylaxis hypothesis by decreasing the viral load in the body entrances such as the nose and the mouth using pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical preparations that incorporate viral electrostatic repulsive nanofibers fabricated from an abundant marine-derived or a fermentation product polymer; Ԑ-poly-l-lysine was prepared using the electrospinning technique. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, viral, Polymer, electro-spinning, marine, Nanofibers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/scipharm89010002 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Pharmacy and materia medica https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1fddf1794ce85b0c02a527302f3017f9.pdf 407bb12c66d659a31bd141eef0bd9cb2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) on admission predicts severe disease and in-hospital mortality from Covid-19 – a prospective cohort study Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arnljot Tveit, Marius Myrstad, Håkon Ihle-Hansen, Anders Aune Tveita, Elizabeth Lyster Andersen, Ståle Nygård, Trygve Berge Description An account of the resource Abstract Background There is a need for validated clinical risk scores to identify patients at risk of severe disease and to guide decision-making during the covid-19 pandemic. The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) is widely used in emergency medicine, but so far, no studies have evaluated its use in patients with covid-19. We aimed to study the performance of NEWS2 and compare commonly used clinical risk stratification tools at admission to predict risk of severe disease and in-hospital mortality in patients with covid-19. Methods This was a prospective cohort study in a public non-university general hospital in the Oslo area, Norway, including a cohort of all 66 patients hospitalised with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from the start of the pandemic; 13 who died during hospital stay and 53 who were discharged alive. Data were collected consecutively from March 9th to April 27th 2020. The main outcome was the ability of the NEWS2 score and other clinical risk scores at emergency department admission to predict severe disease and in-hospital mortality in covid-19 patients. We calculated sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NEWS2 scores ≥5 and ≥ 6, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score ≥ 2, ≥2 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria, and CRB-65 score ≥ 2. Areas under the curve (AUCs) for the clinical risk scores were compared using DeLong’s test. Results In total, 66 patients (mean age 67.9 years) were included. Of these, 23% developed severe disease. In-hospital mortality was 20%. Tachypnoea, hypoxemia and confusion at admission were more common in patients developing severe disease. A NEWS2 score ≥ 6 at admission predicted severe disease with 80.0% sensitivity and 84.3% specificity (Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.822, 95% CI 0.690–0.953). NEWS2 was superior to qSOFA score ≥ 2 (AUC 0.624, 95% CI 0.446–0.810, p  Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, covid-19, sensitivity, emergency department, NEWS2, qSOFA Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1186/s13049-020-00764-3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biotemas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/37af2bc91ecec2c56acee8ea996e3532.pdf b92d944b67d5856ed7ee6ab317dc712a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Good teaching practices: Re-examining curricula, materials, activities, assessments Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource KC Lee, Jenny Scoles Description An account of the resource Issue 4.2 presents 11 full articles, two reflections, and three book reviews from a diverse teaching and learning contexts in terms of discipline, dynamics of students and classroom, region, approach, and so on from Afghanistan, Kenya, New Zealand, Rwanda, Singapore, South Africa, Zambia, Pakistan, United Kingdom, Uganda, and United States. Separately yet together, these publications provide a timely reminder to us to re-examine what we are doing in our classroom beyond and despite the COVID-19 pandemic. They surface issues that affect student experience and success such as accessibility, equality, diversity, fairness – all of which are what Leibowitz identifies as issues confronting the global South (2017). Keywords: Good teaching practices, global South, SoTL, Scholarship of teaching and learning, Editorial How to cite this article: Lee, K.C. & Scoles, J. 2020. Good teaching practices: Re-examining curricula, materials, activities, assessments. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. 4(2): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v4i2.152. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.36615/sotls.v4i2.152 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Education, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/378aec98d95b07e35530725b7cb82670.pdf c764131e0b87eb838a7924fcd6a57a03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inflammatory cytokines, T lymphocyte subsets, and ritonavir involved in liver injury of COVID-19 patients. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shengtao Liao, Ke Zhan, Li Gan, Yang Bai, Jinfang Li, Guodan Yuan, Ying Cai, An Zhang, Song He, Zhechuan Mei Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1038/s41392-020-00363-9 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Signal transduction and targeted therapy https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/b0f4c69a3bb64b6f63a9b78eb19254e7.pdf ce6f17390c09983fc579ce8c2b874c28 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mental health impacts among health workers during COVID-19 in a low resource setting: a cross-sectional survey from Nepal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pratik Khanal, Minakshi Dahal, Navin Devkota, Kiran Paudel, Devavrat Joshi Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Health care workers exposed to COVID-19 might be at increased risk of developing mental health problems. The study aimed to identify factors associated with anxiety, depression and insomnia among health workers involved in COVID-19 response in Nepal. Methods This was a cross-sectional web-based survey conducted between April 26 and May 12, 2020. A total of 475 health workers participated in the study. Anxiety and depression were measured using a 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS: 0–21) and insomnia was measured by using a 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI: 0–28). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine the risk factors of mental health outcomes. Results Overall, 41.9% of health workers had symptoms of anxiety, 37.5% had depression symptoms and 33.9% had symptoms of insomnia. Stigma faced by health workers was significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing symptoms of anxiety (AOR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.62–3.76), depression (AOR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.34–3.11) and insomnia (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.46–3.84). History of medication for mental health problems was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing symptoms of anxiety (AOR: 3.40; 95% CI:1.31–8.81), depression (AOR: 3.83; 95% CI: 1.45–10.14) and insomnia (AOR: 3.82; 95% CI: 1.52–9.62) while inadequate precautionary measures in the workplace was significantly associated with higher odds of exhibiting symptoms of anxiety (AOR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.12–3.19) and depression (AOR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.16–3.37). Nurses (AOR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.21–4.47) were significantly more likely to experience anxiety symptoms than other health workers. Conclusion The study findings revealed a considerate proportion of anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms among health workers during the early phase of the pandemic in Nepal. Health workers facing stigma, those with history of medication for mental health problems, and those reporting inadequate precautionary measures in their workplace were more at risk of developing mental health outcomes. A focus on improving mental wellbeing of health workers should be immediately initiated with attention to reduction of stigma, ensuring an adequate support system such as personal protective equipments, and family support for those with history of mental health problems. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Anxiety, mental health, covid-19, Depression, Health workers, insomnia Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1186/s12992-020-00621-z Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Public aspects of medicine https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/04f3580ca10344efd6e0a8bae0040c50.pdf bb73e164982d447e6d1b2ba0d5772147 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12 Tips for Pivoting to Teaching in a Virtual Environment Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Collins, Ryan Day, Joanne Hamilton, Kathleen Legris, Helen Mawdsley, Tanya Walsh Description An account of the resource COVID-19 has necessitated a rapid shift to teaching in virtual environments across the educational spectrum. In this respect, instructors previously unfamiliar, or under-familiar, with virtual teaching environments need to learn quickly and effectively how these environments work and how they can be used to successfully deliver courses, especially within health professions education contexts. These twelve tips provide insight on the practice of teaching in virtual environments, from course design, to student engagement, to assessment practices, to maximising the potential that technology can provide for both the instructor and the students. Moreover, these tips inform virtual pedagogical practices in the health professions for all levels of experience. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, virtual learning, Faculty development, Health Professions Education, online assessments, Cognitive Load Theory Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine, Special aspects of education