49 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/46c3ace5891d77d7c3879d921ac9a6db.pdf 34964a621d5536712ba91771c1024da1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tetranucleotide usage highlights genomic heterogeneity among mycobacteriophages [version 2; referees: 2 approved] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Siranosian, Sudheesha Perera, Edward Williams, Chen Ye, Christopher de Graffenried, Peter Shank Description An account of the resource Background The genomic sequences of mycobacteriophages, phages infecting mycobacterial hosts, are diverse and mosaic. Mycobacteriophages often share little nucleotide similarity, but most of them have been grouped into lettered clusters and further into subclusters. Traditionally, mycobacteriophage genomes are analyzed based on sequence alignment or knowledge of gene content. However, these approaches are computationally expensive and can be ineffective for significantly diverged sequences. As an alternative to alignment-based genome analysis, we evaluated tetranucleotide usage in mycobacteriophage genomes. These methods make it easier to characterize features of the mycobacteriophage population at many scales. Description We computed tetranucleotide usage deviation (TUD), the ratio of observed counts of 4-mers in a genome to the expected count under a null model. TUD values are comparable between members of a phage subcluster and distinct between subclusters. With few exceptions, neighbor joining phylogenetic trees and hierarchical clustering dendrograms constructed using TUD values place phages in a monophyletic clade with members of the same subcluster. Regions in a genome with exceptional TUD values can point to interesting features of genomic architecture. Finally, we found that subcluster B3 mycobacteriophages contain significantly overrepresented 4-mers and 6-mers that are atypical of phage genomes. Conclusions Statistics based on tetranucleotide usage support established clustering of mycobacteriophages and can uncover interesting relationships within and between sequenced phage genomes. These methods are efficient to compute and do not require sequence alignment or knowledge of gene content. The code to download mycobacteriophage genome sequences and reproduce our analysis is freely available at https://github.com/bsiranosian/tango_final. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Subject The topic of the resource Bioinformatics, Genomics Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6077.2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived F1000Research Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available F1000 Research Ltd Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General), Medicine Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/bafbe274186056b582b1635345f77b24.pdf 5e9830c4d29819971fb4a2a2c56d4183 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) as Production Platform for Vaccines against Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arwen F. Altenburg, Joost H. C. M. Kreijtz, Rory D. de Vries, Fei Song, Robert Fux, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Gerd Sutter, Asisa Volz Description An account of the resource Respiratory viruses infections caused by influenza viruses, human parainfluenza virus (hPIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and coronaviruses are an eminent threat for public health. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines available for hPIV, RSV and coronaviruses, and the available seasonal influenza vaccines have considerable limitations. With regard to pandemic preparedness, it is important that procedures are in place to respond rapidly and produce tailor made vaccines against these respiratory viruses on short notice. Moreover, especially for influenza there is great need for the development of a universal vaccine that induces broad protective immunity against influenza viruses of various subtypes. Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) is a replication-deficient viral vector that holds great promise as a vaccine platform. MVA can encode one or more foreign antigens and thus functions as a multivalent vaccine. The vector can be used at biosafety level 1, has intrinsic adjuvant capacities and induces humoral and cellular immune responses. However, there are some practical and regulatory issues that need to be addressed in order to develop MVA-based vaccines on short notice at the verge of a pandemic. In this review, we discuss promising novel influenza virus vaccine targets and the use of MVA for vaccine development against various respiratory viruses. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Subject The topic of the resource modified Vaccinia virus Ankara, vaccine development, Influenza virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, parainfluenza virus, coronavirus Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v6072735 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/102c147dcc1e578af04d12cb3f748c15.pdf 1929cffe429ef6706ac36ce50115fbb5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SARS-COV INDUCE L’ESPRESSIONE DI IFN-α E-γ IN PBMC DA DONATORI SANI ANCHE IN ASSENZA DI REPLICAZIONE VIRALE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource C. Castilletti, L. Bordi, E. Lalle, G. Rozera, F. Poccia, C. Agrati, A. AbbateI, M.R. Capobianchi Description An account of the resource - Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.4081/mm.2005.3570 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Microbiologia Medica Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available PAGEPress Publications Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN, IT https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/b50f0ece6e3bde6e9ea916c44280939d.pdf 874f104f1be679606147e4e6eff27333 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Acute respiratory viral infections in pediatric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eliana C.A. Benites, Dayane P. Cabrini, Andrea C.B. Silva, Juliana C. Silva, Daniel T. Catalan, Eitan N. Berezin, Maria R.A. Cardoso, Saulo D. Passos Description An account of the resource OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence of infection by respiratory viruses in pediatric patients with cancer and acute respiratory infection (ARI) and/or fever. METHODS: cross-sectional study, from January 2011 to December 2012. The secretions of nasopharyngeal aspirates were analyzed in children younger than 21 years with acute respiratory infections. Patients were treated at the Grupo em Defesa da Criança Com Câncer (Grendacc) and University Hospital (HU), Jundiaí, SP. The rapid test was used for detection of influenza virus (Kit Biotrin, Inc. Ireland), and real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (FTD, Respiratory pathogens, multiplex Fast Trade Kit, Malta) for detection of influenza virus (H1N1, B), rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human parechovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus, and human coronavirus. The prevalence of viral infection was estimated and association tests were used (χ2 or Fisher's exact test). RESULTS: 104 samples of nasopharyngeal aspirate and blood were analyzed. The median age was 12 ± 5.2 years, 51% males, 68% whites, 32% had repeated ARIs, 32% prior antibiotic use, 19.8% cough, and 8% contact with ARIs. A total of 94.3% were in good general status. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (42.3%) was the most prevalent neoplasia. Respiratory viruses were detected in 50 samples: rhinoviruses (23.1%), respiratory syncytial virus AB (8.7%), and coronavirus (6.8%). Co-detection occurred in 19% of cases with 2 viruses and in 3% of those with 3 viruses, and was more frequent between rhinovirus and coronavirus 43. Fever in neutropenic patients was observed in 13%, of which four (30.7) were positive for viruses. There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: the prevalence of respiratory viruses was relevant in the infectious episode, with no increase in morbidity and mortality. Viral co-detection was frequent in patients with cancer and ARIs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Subject The topic of the resource cancer, Criança, virus, Infecções do trato respiratório Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.01.006 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Jornal de Pediatria Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Elsevier Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Pediatrics Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/e843f9a108b6cf05c40646c993fb3560.pdf f885f8f20fccb690959e717aa0757e5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peritonite infecciosa felina: 13 casos Feline infectious peritonitis: 13 cases Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fabiano Nunes de Oliveira, Margarida Buss Raffi, Tatiana Mello de Souza, Claudio Severo Lombardo de Barros Description An account of the resource Numa pesquisa realizada em tecidos de 638 gatos necropsiados, foram encontrados 13 casos (2,03%) de peritonite infecciosa felina. Oito desses casos (61,53%) eram da forma efusiva ou úmida, e 5 apresentavam a forma seca ou não-efusiva da doença. A idade dos gatos afetados variou de 2 meses a 3 anos. Doze gatos (92,30%) eram de raças puras, cinco deles (38,47%) eram oriundos de ambientes onde havia mais de um gato e três eram provenientes de um mesmo gatil. A duração da doença clínica foi de 7 a 45 dias e os sinais clínicos incluíram emagrecimento, anorexia, diarréia, icterícia, vômito, linfadenopatia e distúrbios neurológicos. Os achados de necropsia na forma úmida incluíam excesso de líquido viscoso (50ml a 1 litro), translúcido ou levemente opaco na cavidade peritoneal e, em um caso, na cavidade torácica. Exsudato fibrinoso cobria as superfícies serosas dos órgãos abdominais dando-lhes aspecto granular e brancacento. Na forma seca, havia múltiplos focos granulomatosos sob a superfície serosa e para o interior do parênquima de órgãos abdominais; esses achados eram particularmente proeminentes nos rins. Opacidade de córnea foi observada em um gato. Histologicamente, havia graus variáveis de vasculite e perivasculite piogranulomatosa, particularmente em arteríolas. Meningite ou meningoencefalite piogranulomatosa foram observadas em três gatos com a forma seca de peritonite infecciosa felina.In a survey carried out in tissue specimens from 638 necropsied cats, 13 cases (2.03%) of feline infectious peritonitis were found. Eight of those (61.53%) were of the effusive or wet form and five had the dry non-effusive form of the disease. Ages of affected cats varied from 2-months to 3 yeas. Twelve affected cats (92.30%) were purebreds, five of these cats (38.47%) came from households with more than one cat and three of them came from the same comercial cat raising facility. The duration of clinical courses were 7-45 days and clinical signs included loss of weight, anorexia, diarrhea, jaundice, vomiting, swollen lymph nodes, and neurological disturbances. Necropsy findings, in the wet form included excess of yellowish viscous tanslucent or slightly opaque fluid (50ml-1 liter) in the peritoneal cavity and (in one case) thoracic cavity. Fibrinous exudate covered the serosal surfaces of abdominal organs imparting a whitish, granular, frost-like appearance to them. In the dry form there were multiple granulomatous foci underneath the serosal surface, which extended into the parenchyma of abdominal organs; these findings were particularly prominent in the kidneys. Corneal opacity was observed in one cat. Histologically, there were variable degrees of disseminated piogranulomatous vasculitis and perivasculitis particularly in arterioles. Pyogranulomatous meningitis or meningoencephalitis were observed in three cats with the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Subject The topic of the resource peritonite infecciosa felina, doenças de gatos, doenças a vírus, coronavirus, patologia, feline infectious peritonitis, diseases of cats, viral diseases, pathology Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1590/S0103-84782003000500018 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ciência Rural Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Agriculture (General), Agriculture Language A language of the resource EN, PT https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1cc55a1540ce2184ae721480dc7d42e4.pdf 0492e0c03d478e195ee4088b1caddbee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russian Arctic Petroleum Resources Ressources pétrolières de l’Arctique russe Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zolotukhin A., Gavrilov V. Description An account of the resource The Arctic continental shelf is believed to be the area with the highest unexplored potential for oil and gas as well as for unconventional hydrocarbon resources such as gas hydrates. Despite a common view that the Arctic has plentiful of hydrocarbon resources, there are ongoing debates regarding the potential of this region as a future energy supply base. Driving forces for such discussions are geopolitics, environmental concern, assessment and delineation of Arctic resources, technology available for their successful development and the market demand for energy supply. The Russian part is recognized to be the largest among oil and gas resources owned by Arctic nations. However, scarce information and available geological data create uncertainty regarding a future role of the Russian Arctic as main base of energy supply in the second part of the XXI century. A further uncertainty is the pace at which production from northern areas including the Arctic will be brought onstream – either because of national policy, infrastructure development or investment by the state and the oil companies. These areas embrace those where development has already been started (Offshore Sakhalin, northern Timan Pechora) and those awaiting future involvement, like Barents and Pechora seas, East Siberia, Yamal, Kara Sea and Kamchatka. Offhore production levels are likely to be very important to Russia in mid and long terms, especially as most (if not all) production will go for export and, in the process, open doors to new markets. In this way, offshore production will introduce a new and very significant component to Russia’s export strategy. However, active involvement of the Russian Arctic resources in the global energy supply process needs a detailed analysis and clear understanding of the market potential for Russian gas and oil (required volumes, time frame, transportations routes) and requires close attention of the government to the most important issues that should be in place, like national standards and guidelines for Arctic resources development, stable, transparent and predictable law as a necessary precondition for massive investments in exploration and production and, not least, active involvement of foreign companies in development of Arctic resources that could bring along with investments an indispensible competence and experience, available technology and Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) principles. Development of oil and gas fields in the arctic seas located few hundreds miles from shore is according to expert opinion the most challenging project in the world. Without international cooperation, coordination of all activities and use of modern and proven technologies for production of hydrocarbons, their transport, efficient safety and environmental protection tools the realization of such a project would be questionable. Le plateau continental arctique est considéré comme la zone comportant le potentiel inexploré le plus important tant en termes d’huile et de gaz qu’en ressources en hydrocarbures non conventionnels tels que les hydrates de gaz. En dépit d’une vision courante selon laquelle l’Arctique possède des ressources abondantes en hydrocarbures, des débats se poursuivent sur le potentiel énergétique de cette région. Les lignes directrices de telles discussions reposent sur la géopolitique, les questions environnementales, l’évaluation et la délimitation des ressources arctiques, la technologie disponible pour le succès de leur exploitation et les perspectives d’évolution de la demande en énergie. La partie russe est reconnue comme étant la plus importante concernant les ressources en huile et gaz des nations arctiques. Toutefois, le manque d’informations et de données géologiques disponibles engendre une incertitude sur le rôle futur de l’Arctique russe comme principal fournisseur d’énergie dans la seconde partie du XXIe siècle. Une incertitude supplémentaire repose sur le rythme auquel la production provenant des zones nordiques incluant l’Arctique sera activée – que ce soit du fait de la politique nationale, du développement d’infrastructures ou d’investissement par l’état et les compagnies pétrolières. Ces zones englobent celles où une exploitation a déjà été entamée (au large de l’île Sakhaline, dans le Timan Péchora du nord) et celles en attente d’une implication à venir, comme les mers de Barents et de Péchora, la Sibérie orientale, la péninsule de Yamal, la mer de Kara et le Kamchatka. Les niveaux de production offshore vont probablement être très importants pour la Russie à moyen et long terme, particulièrement du fait que la plupart (sinon la totalité) de la production sera exportée et, ce faisant, ouvrira des portes vers de nouveaux marchés. De cette manière, la production offshore introduira une composante nouvelle et très significative à la stratégie d’exportation de la Russie. Toutefois, une implication active des ressources arctiques russes dans le processus global de fourniture d’énergie exige une analyse détaillée et une compréhension claire du potentiel du marché du gaz et de l’huile russes (volumes demandés, calendrier d’exécution, voies de transports); elle exige aussi une attention soutenue de la part du gouvernement sur les points les plus importants qui devront être mis en place, tels que des normes et directives nationales pour l’exploitation des ressources arctiques, une législation stable, transparente et sans surprise à titre de condition préalable nécessaire à des investissements massifs dans l’exploration et la production et, notamment, une implication active de compagnies étrangères dans l’exploitation des ressources arctiques qui pourrait apporter en même temps que les investissements une compétence et une expérience indispensables, une technologie disponible et des principes d’Hygiène, Sécurité et Environnement (HSE). L’exploitation de champs d’huile et de gaz dans les mers arctiques situées à quelques centaines de kilomètres des côtes constitue selon l’opinion des experts le projet le plus difficile au monde. Sans une coopération internationale, une coordination de toutes les activités et l’utilisation de technologies modernes et éprouvées pour la production et le transport d’hydrocarbures, des outils de sécurité et de protection environnementale efficaces, la réalisation d’un tel projet serait remise en question. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.2516/ogst/2011141 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Oil & Gas Science and Technology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available EDP Sciences Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chemical technology, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade Language A language of the resource EN, FR https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/89a8a2c474c6a8b83ae777715a357a26.pdf 898c9abf82b2a4d2063ed08dced48d00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Molecular Characterizations of Subcellular Localization Signals in the Nucleocapsid Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Da Shi, Maojie Lv, Jianfei Chen, Hongyan Shi, Sha Zhang, Xin Zhang, Li Feng Description An account of the resource The nucleolus is a dynamic subnuclear structure, which is crucial to the normal operation of the eukaryotic cell. The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein, plays important roles in the process of virus replication and cellular infection. Virus infection and transfection showed that N protein was predominately localized in the cytoplasm, but also found in the nucleolus in Vero E6 cells. Furthermore, by utilizing fusion proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP), deletion mutations or site-directed mutagenesis of PEDV N protein, coupled with live cell imaging and confocal microscopy, it was revealed that, a region spanning amino acids (aa), 71–90 in region 1 of the N protein was sufficient for nucleolar localization and R87 and R89 were critical for its function. We also identified two nuclear export signals (NES, aa221–236, and 325–364), however, only the nuclear export signal (aa325–364) was found to be functional in the context of the full-length N protein. Finally, the activity of this nuclear export signal (NES) was inhibited by the antibiotic Lepomycin B, suggesting that N is exported by a chromosome region maintenance 1-related export pathway. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Subject The topic of the resource CHROMOSOME region maintenance 1, Nucleocapsid protein, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, subcellular localization signals Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v6031253 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/50901a9a08755a1914a4de221e222240.pdf 592b900ea47ef1006ffc15e2ca840e45 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Regulatory T Cells in Arterivirus and Coronavirus Infections: Do They Protect Against Disease or Enhance it? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tanya LeRoith, S. Michelle Todd, Thomas E. Cecere Description An account of the resource Regulatory T cells (T<sub>regs</sub>) are a subset of T cells that are responsible for maintaining peripheral immune tolerance and homeostasis. The hallmark of T<sub>regs</sub> is the expression of the forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) transcription factor. Natural regulatory T cells (nT<sub>regs</sub>) are a distinct population of T cells that express CD4 and FoxP3. nTregs develop in the thymus and function in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. Other CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD4<sup>-</sup>CD8<sup>-</sup>, and CD8<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>-</sup> T cells can be induced to acquire regulatory function by antigenic stimulation, depending on the cytokine milieu. Inducible (or adaptive) T<sub>regs</sub> frequently express high levels of the interleukin 2 receptor (CD25). Atypical T<sub>regs</sub> express FoxP3 and CD4 but have no surface expression of CD25. Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) produce IL-10, while T helper 3 cells (Th3) produce TGF-β. The function of inducible T<sub>regs</sub> is presumably to maintain immune homeostasis, especially in the context of chronic inflammation or infection. Induction of T<sub>regs</sub> in coronaviral infections protects against the more severe forms of the disease attributable to the host response. However, arteriviruses have exploited these T cell subsets as a means to dampen the immune response allowing for viral persistence. T<sub>reg</sub> induction or activation in the pathogenesis of disease has been described in both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus, and mouse hepatitis virus. This review discusses the development and biology of regulatory T cells in the context of arteriviral and coronaviral infection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Subject The topic of the resource regulatory T cell, arterivirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, coronavirus Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v4050833 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/60f369d19b7ba4c978cef3c950f47f90.pdf 45e3790054768bce580fa03ee89004f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On the etiology of an outbreak of winter dysentery in dairy cows in Brazil Sobre a etiologia de um surto de disenteria de inverno em vacas leiteiras no Brasil Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Paulo E. Brandão, Laura Y.B. Villarreal, F. Gregori, Silvio L.P. de Souza, Marco A.E. Lopes, Cleise R. Gomes, Angelo J. Sforsin, Alexandre A. Sanches, Cesar A.R. Rosales, Leonardo J. Richtzenhain, Antonio J.P. Ferreira, José A. Jerez Description An account of the resource Winter dysentery (WD) is a seasonal infectious disease described worldwide that causes a marked decrease in milk production in dairy cows. In the Northern hemisphere, where the disease is classically recognized, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) has been assigned as a major etiologic agent of the disease. Nonetheless, in the Southern hemisphere, an in-deep etiological survey on WD cases had not been carried out. This study aimed to survey for BCoV by nested-RT-PCR, rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and ELISA, bacteria by classical bacteriological methods and PCR for virulence factors and parasites by sugar flotation test on fecal samples of 21 cows from a farm during an outbreak of WD in São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil. BCoV was detected in all 21 samples, while rotavirus was detected in two symptomatic cows. Escherichia coli, Yersinia intermedia, Providencia rustigianii Proteus penneri, Klebsiella terrigena and Enterobacter aglomerans were detected in samples from both asymptomatic and healthy cows in different associations. The study of E. coli virulence factors revealed that the strains isolated were all apathogenic. Cysts of Eimeria sp. and eggs of Strongyloidea were detected at low numbers in four of the symptomatic cows, with one co-infestation. These results suggest BCoV as the main etiologic agent of the cases of WD in Brazil, a conclusion that, with the clinical and epidemiological patterns of the disease studied herein, match those already described elsewhere. These findings give basis to the development of preventive measures and contribute to the understanding of the etiology of WD.Em vacas leiteiras, a disenteria de inverno (DI) é uma doença infecciosa sazonal mundialmente relatada que ocasiona uma marcada queda na produção de leite; no hemisfério Norte, onde a doença é classicamente reconhecida, o coronavirus bovino (BCoV) tem um importante papel como agente etiológico. Entretanto, no hemisfério Sul, pesquisas etiológicas aprofundadas em casos de DI nunca forma realizadas. Este estudo objetivou a pesquisa de BCoV utilizando nested-RT-PCR, rotavírus utilizando eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (PAGE) e ELISA, bactérias com métodos bacteriológicos clássicos e PCR para fatores de virulência e parasitas pela técnica de flutuação em açúcar em 21 amostras fecais de vacas de uma fazenda durante um surto de DI no estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. BCoV foi encontrado em todas as 21 amostras, enquanto que rotavírus foi encontrado em duas vacas sintomáticas. Escherichia coli, Yersinia intermedia, Providencia rustigiani, Proteus penneri, Klebsiella terrigena e Enterobacter aglomerans foram encontradas tanto em amostras de vacas sintomáticas quanto assintomáticas. O estudo de fatores de virulência para E. coli revelou que as amostras isoladas eram todas apatogênicas. Cistos de Eimeria sp. e ovos de Strongyloidea foram encontrados em baixos números em quatro animais sintomáticos, com uma co-infestação. Tais resultados sugerem o BCoV como o principal agente etiológico em casos de DI no Brasil, uma conclusão que, somada aos padrões clínicos e epidemiológicos da doença aqui estudada, concordam com aqueles descritos em outras regiões. Estes achados fornecem base o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas e também contribuem para o entendimento sobre a etiologia da DI. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Subject The topic of the resource Coronavírus bovino, disenteria de inverno, etiología, Bovine coronavirus, etiology, winter dysentery Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2007001000002 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Veterinary medicine Language A language of the resource EN, PT https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/a17375b0831aa1aa1d89daaac4a8a841.pdf f743047c6c06254fc988c1c2e1d8a7bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Conserved Coronavirus Macrodomain Promotes Virulence and Suppresses the Innate Immune Response during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anthony R. Fehr, Rudragouda Channappanavar, Gytis Jankevicius, Craig Fett, Jincun Zhao, Jeremiah Athmer, David K. Meyerholz, Ivan Ahel, Stanley Perlman Description An account of the resource ADP-ribosylation is a common posttranslational modification that may have antiviral properties and impact innate immunity. To regulate this activity, macrodomain proteins enzymatically remove covalently attached ADP-ribose from protein targets. All members of the Coronavirinae, a subfamily of positive-sense RNA viruses, contain a highly conserved macrodomain within nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3). However, its function or targets during infection remain unknown. We identified several macrodomain mutations that greatly reduced nsp3’s de-ADP-ribosylation activity in vitro. Next, we created recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) strains with these mutations. These mutations led to virus attenuation and a modest reduction of viral loads in infected mice, despite normal replication in cell culture. Further, macrodomain mutant virus elicited an early, enhanced interferon (IFN), interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), and proinflammatory cytokine response in mice and in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Using a coinfection assay, we found that inclusion of mutant virus in the inoculum protected mice from an otherwise lethal SARS-CoV infection without reducing virus loads, indicating that the changes in innate immune response were physiologically significant. In conclusion, we have established a novel function for the SARS-CoV macrodomain that implicates ADP-ribose in the regulation of the innate immune response and helps to demonstrate why this domain is conserved in CoVs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01721-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived mBio Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available American Society for Microbiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN