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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A NOVEL CORONAVIRUS THREATENS THE WORLD</text>
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                <text>Camelia C. DIACONU</text>
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                <text>A novel coronavirus (nCoV) was first identified amid a recent outbreak of respiratory disease cases in China, Wuhan City. This infection was initially reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019. One month later, the WHO declared the 2019-nCoV outbreak a global health emergency(1). The WHO named the disease caused by 2019-nCoV as COVID-19, an acronym derived from “coronavirus disease 2019”.According to WHO, “Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain which has not been previously identified in humans”(2). The recent emergence of COVID-19 in China raised many questions regarding risk factors in the general population, transmission patterns, clinical characteristics, efficient protection methods for health workers or in household and other settings. The medical world is also concerned about the most appropriate means to predict the future evolution of the disease and to limit human-to-human transmission, preventing also further international spread from China. The rapid identification of the new cases and close follow up of their contacts, together with preventive health measures for travelers may be useful methods to prevent a possible pandemia of COVID-19.In mid-February 2020, COVID-19 has been confirmed in more than 64,000 individuals (the majority in China) and has resulted in more than 1300 deaths. The respiratory infection has been reported also in other countries from Middle East, Europe, United States etc. The disease seems to be transmitted by respiratory droplets from sneezing or cough and is usually limited to close contacts with the patients, such as family members and healthcare workers. A more severe evolution was encountered in elderly patients, with comorbidities(3).There are no validated diagnostic tests for COVID-19. In the USA, the Center for Disease Control has developed a diagnostic test and has requested special emergency authorization from the Food and Drug Administration for its use4. This test is a real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay and can diagnose the virus in respiratory and serum samples from clinical specimens. There is no specific treatment until now for infections with COVID-19, the treatment is only supportive. Researchers have started to investigate possible drug treatments for COVID-19. In China there are more than 80 running or pending clinical trials on potential treatments for COVID-19, including old traditional Chinese therapies. Some of these studies were criticized because of their study protocol, lack of specific standards, such as methods of randomization, control groups and measures of clinical outcomes. Until now, there is no specific cure for the disease. The WHO initiated a clinical trial that will compare two or three therapies supported by initial scientific evidence, a HIV-drug combination (lopinavir and ritonavir) and an experimental antiviral (remdesivir).Up to now, the most important measure is the prevention of infection, by limiting the contact with potentially infected patients, travel restrictions for persons originating in the endemic areas of China, use of protection equipment (surgical masks, gloves, protection eyeglasses etc).</text>
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                <text>DOI: https://doi.org/10.31688/ABMU.2020.55.1.XX</text>
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                <text>Archives of the Balkan Medical Union</text>
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                <text>Bo Chen, Xian Zhang, Xu-Fang Sun, undefined</text>
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                <text>The epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 infection has presented as a critical period. Until February 14th 2020, more than 55 000 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been confirmed in China, which has a great impact on economy and society, and also seriously interfering with ordinary medical practice of ophthalmology. In order to protect ophthalmology medical staff from SARS-CoV-2 infection during the outbreak period, this paper suggests the necessary medical protective measures for ophthalmology outpatient and ward.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2020.3.41</text>
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                <text>Guoji Yanke Zazhi</text>
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                <text>Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS)</text>
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                <text>The virus, called COVID-19, which has emerged in China in December 2019, has been known to spread through droplets and close contact, and has evolved into a pandemic today. It is also known that in all patients who have come into contact with COVID-19, the infection is not severe and may even occur without symptoms. There is no consensus yet on how to take measures to protect the patient and the surgeon in case of diseases requiring urgent or elective surgery, and how preoperative preparation, perioperative phase, and postoperative care should be performed. The aim of this study was to prepare a guide on how the surgeon should behave in patients whose operation is mandatory in light of the available data.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4274/tjcd.galenos.2020.2020-3-7</text>
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                <text>Galenos Yayinevi</text>
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                <text>Internal medicine, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, Medicine</text>
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                <text>At present, the new coronavirus(COVID-19)epidemic is spreading rapidly in Wuhan city Hubei province of China, and has aroused great attention of the international community. There have been clues that the conjunctiva may be one of the entries for the new coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2). In the absence of clinical evidence on ocular infection with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and cell receptors of coronavirus transmission through ocular surface and the transmission characteristics of homologous coronavirus can provide some suggestions for appropriately ocular protection and identify COVID-19 coexisting with ocular signs for ophthalmologists during this epidemic disease.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2020.4.34</text>
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                <text>Fu-Lai Niu&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;, Na-Na Ku&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;, Yi Sun</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading rapidly since its outbreak in December 2019.Understanding its epidemiological characteristics, especially cutting off transmission routes, is crucial to controlling the spread of the disease. In the study of transmission pathway, the issue of whether SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through ocular surface tissue has also aroused concerns, but there are still no clinically confirmed cases and laboratory evidence of its infection through ocular surface tissue. New research suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same genus as SARS coronavirus(SARS-CoV), and that it enters cells in the same way as SARS-CoV. This paper reviews the research on SARS-CoV to investigate the possible mechanism of eye transmission of SARS-CoV-2.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2020.4.35</text>
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                <text>Guoji Yanke Zazhi</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 that caused difficulties for clinical work. Practical work experience in our spinal outpatient and emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized in this article, with combined evidence-based medical evidence to explore a standardized process of diagnosis and treatment for spinal diseases. Outpatient reservation, continuous screening, triage, and isolation, first consultation accountability system, pandemic reporting system, and online revisit were strictly followed. We hope that our experience in prevention and control of COVID-19 can help spine surgeons globally in stopping the spread of COVID-19. Spine surgeons should collaborate with infection control specialists to avoid cross-infection in hospitals and optimize treatment.</text>
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                <text>The novel coronavirus, which was called 2019-nCoV at the beginning of the outbreak, was named SARS-CoV-2 later. The clinical disease caused by the virus was also called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on 11.03.2020. As of 26.03.2020, there have been 462.684 confirmed cases and 20.834 deaths globally, and these numbers are expected to increase in the coming days. The dynamics of virus spread are investigated with various models and outbreakparameters such as incubation time and basic reproduction number (R0) is tried to be illuminated. According to official numbers, as of 03.26.2020, there have also been 3629 cases and 75 deaths in Turkey. COVID-19 Guideline prepared by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey is constantly updated with additional prevention and treatment strategies. Various predictions are made for the future course of the pandemic, and the contribution of the spread of the virus in Africa and seasonal changes on this issue has been investigated.</text>
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                <text>Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Microbiology</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>MAVS-mediated apoptosis and its inhibition by viral proteins.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Yu Lei, Chris B. Moore, Rachael M. Liesman, Brian P O'Connor, Daniel T Bergstralh, Zhijian J. Chen, Raymond J Pickles, Jenny P.-Y. Ting</text>
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                <text>BACKGROUND:Host responses to viral infection include both immune activation and programmed cell death. The mitochondrial antiviral signaling adaptor, MAVS (IPS-1, VISA or Cardif) is critical for host defenses to viral infection by inducing type-1 interferons (IFN-I), however its role in virus-induced apoptotic responses has not been elucidated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We show that MAVS causes apoptosis independent of its function in initiating IFN-I production. MAVS-induced cell death requires mitochondrial localization, is caspase dependent, and displays hallmarks of apoptosis. Furthermore, MAVS(-/-) fibroblasts are resistant to Sendai virus-induced apoptosis. A functional screen identifies the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nonstructural protein (NSP15) as inhibitors of MAVS-induced apoptosis, possibly as a method of immune evasion. SIGNIFICANCE:This study describes a novel role for MAVS in controlling viral infections through the induction of apoptosis, and identifies viral proteins which inhibit this host response.</text>
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                <text>2009</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005466</text>
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                <text>PLoS ONE</text>
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                <text>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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