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                <text>How Did Chinese Government Implement Unconventional Measures Against COVID-19 Pneumonia</text>
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                <text>Yu X, Li N</text>
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                <text>Xiang Yu,1 Na Li2,3 1School of Public Affairs, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2School of Law, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Research Academy of Belt and Road, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Na LiNingbo University, 818st Fenghua Road Jiangbei, Ningbo 315211, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaEmail nali321@126.comAbstract: In recent years, respiratory infectious diseases had continued to attack China, the recent outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia had attracted worldwide attention. Through studying the literature, interpreting official documents, analyzing medical and social management data, we summarized and compared some powerful measures taken by the Chinese government, such as declaring emergency state, blocking down the epidemic center, prohibiting crowd gathering activities, forcing residents to wear masks, and mobilizing medical staff and products. We found that these unconventional measures, on the one hand, controlled the spread of the epidemic in China, and on the other hand, exposed some of China&amp;rsquo;s shortcomings in biosafety, food safety, public health input, and emergency system construction. This paper also recommends that other countries should take strict isolation measures as early as possible when fighting COVID-19 epidemics, and also mobilize citizens to strengthen self-protection.Keywords: COVID-19, anti-epidemic, risk, legality</text>
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                <text>covid-19, anti-epidemic, risk；legality</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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                <text>How did Jordan combat COVID-19: Lessons learned for scaling.</text>
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                <text>Walid Al-Zyoud, Akeel T Al-Kazwini, Samira Al-Nasser, Salem A Alswaiti, Dalia S Khankan, Rana Dajani</text>
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                <text>How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Higher Education Learning Experience? An Empirical Investigation of Learners’ Academic Performance at a University in a Developing Country</text>
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                <text>Ghada Refaat El Said</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 has dramatically reshaped the way global education is delivered. Millions of learners were affected by educational institution closures due to the pandemic, which resulted in the largest online movement in the history of education. With this sudden shift away from classrooms in many parts of the globe, universities had to rapidly shift to virtual and digital strategies. Many believe that the adoption of online distance learning will persist after pandemic. A new hybrid model of education is expected to emerge, and, given the digital divide, new shifts in education approaches could widen equality gaps. This is one of the first empirical studies investigating the effect of the sudden shift from face-to-face to online distance learning due to COVID-19 lockdown at one of the universities in Egypt. Comparison of grades was made between 376 business students who completed a face-to-face course in spring 2019 and 372 students who completed the same course but fully online via distance learning mode in spring 2020 during the lockdown. T-test was conducted to compare grades of quizzes, course work, and final exam for the two groups. Chi-square test was used to compare grade distribution for both groups. The effect of gender, credit hours, age, and CGPA was assessed. The results suggested that there was no statistically significant difference in students’ grades. In addition, the unplanned and rapid move to online distance learning at the time of pandemic did not result in a poor learning experience as was expected. The study also included a survey of 435 students and interviews with a sample of professors about their learning and teaching experience during the lockdown. The results of this study provide specific recommendations for universities, instructors, and higher education portal designers about future application of online distance learning. Since Egypt decided to make the shift to online distant learning in all future higher education plans, the results of this research would be especially vital for universities in Egypt and other developing countries. If administered correctly, this shift could lead to a larger learner population, more cost efficiencies, and more university revenue.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>10.1155/2021/6649524</text>
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                <text>Advances in Human-Computer Interaction</text>
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                <text>Hindawi Limited</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Electronic computers. Computer science</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>How Digital Natives Learn and Thrive in the Digital Age: Evidence from an Emerging Economy</text>
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                <text>Thu-Trang Vuong, Quan-Hoang Vuong, Viet-Phuong La, Manh-Toan Ho, Minh-Hoang Nguyen, Trung Tran, Thanh  Hang Pham, Khanh-Linh P. Nguyen, Quy Khuc, Thanh-Huyen T. Nguyen, Thanh-Dung Nguyen, Thi-Linh Nguyen</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23187">
                <text>As a generation of ‘digital natives,’ secondary students who were born from 2002 to 2010 have various approaches to acquiring digital knowledge. Digital literacy and resilience are crucial for them to navigate the digital world as much as the real world; however, these remain under-researched subjects, especially in developing countries. In Vietnam, the education system has put considerable effort into teaching students these skills to promote quality education as part of the United Nations-defined Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4). This issue has proven especially salient amid the COVID−19 pandemic lockdowns, which had obliged most schools to switch to online forms of teaching. This study utilizes a dataset of 1061 Vietnamese students taken from the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)’s “Digital Kids Asia Pacific (DKAP)” project and employed Bayesian statistics to explore the relationship between the students’ background and their digital abilities. Results show that economic status and parents’ level of education are positively correlated with digital literacy. Students from urban schools have only a slightly higher level of digital literacy than their rural counterparts, suggesting that school location may not be a defining explanatory element in the variation of digital literacy and resilience among Vietnamese students. Students’ digital literacy and, especially resilience, also have associations with their gender. Moreover, as students are digitally literate, they are more likely to be digitally resilient. Following SDG4, i.e., Quality Education, it is advisable for schools, and especially parents, to seriously invest in creating a safe, educational environment to enhance digital literacy among students.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Socioeconomic status, Vietnam, digital literacy, parental education, quality education, digital resilience</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/su12093819</text>
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                <text>Sustainability</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23193">
                <text>Environmental sciences, Renewable energy sources, Environmental effects of industries and plants</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>How do Canadian public health agencies respond to the COVID-19 emergency using social media: a protocol for a case study using content and sentiment analysis</text>
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                <text>Michael Bauer, Anita Kothari, Lyndsay Foisey, Lorie Donelle</text>
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                <text>Introduction Keeping Canadians safe requires a robust public health (PH) system. This is especially true when there is a PH emergency, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media, like Twitter and Facebook, is an important information channel because most people use the internet for their health information. The PH sector can use social media during emergency events for (1) PH messaging, (2) monitoring misinformation, and (3) responding to questions and concerns raised by the public. In this study, we ask: what is the Canadian PH risk communication response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of social media?Methods and analysis We will conduct a case study using content and sentiment analysis to examine how provinces and provincial PH leaders, and the Public Health Agency of Canada and national public heath leaders, engage with the public using social media during the first wave of the pandemic (1 January–3 September 2020). We will focus specifically on Twitter and Facebook. We will compare findings to a gold standard during the emergency with respect to message content.Ethics and dissemination Western University’s research ethics boards confirmed that this study does not require research ethics board review as we are using social media data in the public domain. Using our study findings, we will work with PH stakeholders to collaboratively develop Canadian social media emergency response guideline recommendations for PH and other health system organisations. Findings will also be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles and conference presentations.</text>
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                <text>How are data driving the response for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic? How do data support preparedness toward epidemics and pandemics? How do data inform the potential severity and spread of an outbreak? Past infectious disease outbreaks have demonstrated several challenges associated with rapid aggregation, integration, and sharing of data to inform a response during an outbreak. The ongoing pandemic response has demonstrated the value of timely data collection and sharing and the usage of data for decision-making.</text>
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                <text>Patterns (New York, N.Y.)</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Ana  Carolina Santacruz-García, Sandra Bravo, Florencia del Corro, Elisa  Mariana García, Domingo  M. Molina-Terrén, Mónica  Azucena Nazareno</text>
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                <text>Resprouting is one of the main regeneration strategies in woody plants that allows post-fire vegetation recovery. However, the stress produced by fires promotes the biosynthesis of compounds which could affect the post-fire resprouting, and this approach has been poorly evaluated in fire ecology. In this study, we evaluate the changes in the concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins as a result of experimental burns (EB). We asked whether this biochemical response to fire could influence the resprouting responses. For that, we conducted three EB in three successive years in three different experimental units. Specifically, we selected six woody species from the Chaco region, and we analyzed their biochemical responses to EB. We used spectrophotometric methods to quantify the metabolites, and morphological variables to estimate the resprouting responses. Applying a multivariate analysis, we built an index to estimate the biochemical response to fire to EB per each species. Our results demonstrate that photosynthetic pigment concentration did not vary significantly in burnt plants that resprout in response to EB, whereas concentrations of secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds and tannins) increased up to two years after EB. Our main results showed that phenolic compounds could play a significant role in the resprouting responses, while photosynthetic pigments seem to have a minor but significant role. Such results were reaffirmed by the significant correlation between the biochemical response to fire and both resprouting capacity and resprouting growth. However, we observed that the biochemical response effect on resprouting was lower in tree species than in shrubby species. Our study contributes to the understanding of the biochemical responses that are involved in the post-fire vegetation recovery.</text>
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                <text>Phenolic compounds, fire ecology, fire response, photosynthetic pigments, resprouting, secondary metabolites</text>
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                <text>10.3390/f12010056</text>
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                <text>Forests</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Plant ecology</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/1/56" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/1/56&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>How Do the First Days Count? A Case Study of Qatar Experience in Emergency Risk Communication during the MERS-CoV Outbreak</text>
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                <text>Mohamed Nour, Mohd AlHajri, Elmoubasher A. B. A. Farag, Hamad E. Al-Romaihi, Mohamed Al-Thani, Salih Al-Marri, Elena Savoia</text>
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                <text>This case study is the first to be developed in the Middle East region to document what happened during the response to the 2013 MERS outbreak in Qatar. It provides a description of key epidemiologic events and news released from a prime daily newspaper and main Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) actions that were undertaken by public health authorities. Using the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) theoretical framework, the study analyzes how the performed ERC strategies during the first days of the outbreak might have contributed to the outbreak management. Methods: MERS-CoV related events were chronologically tracked, together with the relevant stories that were published in a major newspaper over the course of three distinct phases of the epidemic. The collected media stories were then assessed against the practiced emergency risk communication (ERC) activities during the same time frame. Results: The Crisis &amp;amp; Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) framework was partially followed during the early days of the MERS-CoV epidemic, which were characterized by overwhelming uncertainty. The SCH’s commitment to a proactive and open risk communication strategy since day one, contributed to creating the SCH’s image as a credible source of information and allowed for the quick initiation of the overall response efforts. Yet, conflicting messages and over reassurance were among the observed pitfalls of the implemented ERC strategy. Conclusion: The adoption of CERC principles can help restore and maintain the credibility of responding agencies. Further work is needed to develop more rigorous and comprehensive research strategies that address sharing of information by mainstream as well as social media for a more accurate assessment of the impact of the ERC strategy.</text>
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                <text>2017</text>
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                <text>MERS, emergency risk communication, coordination, Qatar, CERC, Outbreak</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121597</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                <text>How Do You See Infrastructure? Green Energy to Provide Economic Growth after COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Paolo Rosa, Idiano D’Adamo</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Climate change has determined the deterioration of the ecosystem, but some politicians deny this evidence. There is a relationship between sustainability and resilience, and COVID-19 has demonstrated that life can change quickly. Social and economic disaster share a close bond. Can the realization of a great plan for infrastructure support the planet’s rebirth? This is the key role of the green economy.</text>
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                <text>sustainability, Resilience, green infrastructure, Economic growth, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/su12114738</text>
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                <text>Sustainability</text>
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                <text>Environmental sciences, Renewable energy sources, Environmental effects of industries and plants</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="80198">
                <text>How does allergic rhinitis impact the severity of COVID-19?: a case-control study.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="80199">
                <text>Ali Guvey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="80200">
                <text>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease whose symptoms and risk factors are newly described. Some allergic diseases, including asthma, have been defined as risk factors for a poor outcome in COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the role of another allergic disease-allergic rhinitis-in the severity of COVID-19. This case-control study was conducted at Sakarya Educational and Research Hospital, Toyota Hospital and Yenikent State Hospital between March 18, 2020 and August 30, 2020. The study included a case group of 125 randomly selected patients who had been diagnosed with allergic rhinitis in advance of having COVID-19 and a control group of 125 patients without allergic rhinitis who were diagnosed with COVID-19. We evaluated all participants' statuses regarding smoking, symptoms, and hospitalization, as well as the length of their hospitalization and the number of their comorbidities. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding percentage of asymptomatic patients (p = 0.27), presence of smoking (p = 0.068), hospitalization status (p = 0.79), and hospitalization length (p = 0.55). From each group, two patients needed care in an intensive care unit (ICU). One patient from the case group and two from the control group died due to COVID-19. We found that allergic rhinitis did not affect the severity of COVID-19. However, we recommend that the literature be augmented with further studies on the COVID-19 prognosis of patients who have allergic rhinitis.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="80201">
                <text>2021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="80202">
                <text>covid-19, severity, allergic rhinitis, Allergic diseases</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="80203">
                <text>10.1007/s00405-021-06836-z</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="80204">
                <text>European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
