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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>The Effects of Pandemic Event on the Stock Exchange of Thailand</text>
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                <text>Kamphol Panyagometh</text>
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                <text>The unprecedented global pandemic of COVID-19 has greatly impacted the stock market in terms of both price reactions and the influences of volatility. Using a sample of 46 stocks listed in the Stock Exchange of Thailand, in this paper, an event study technique is developed considering idiosyncratic volatility to analyze the reactions of stock prices and market volatility in Thailand during the period of the pandemic. The empirical results suggest that most securities in the Thai stock market have been adversely affected by the pandemic, as reflected in the abnormal returns compared to the period before the COVID-19 outbreak. This is mainly attributable to the curtailed economic activities induced by the pandemic as well as policy responses such as social distancing, quarantine and temporary market shutdown. Nevertheless, stocks in different sectors have been shown to have varied in terms of price responses, as some businesses may have benefitted from the pandemic. In terms of market volatility, the cumulated abnormal volatility (CAV) calculated in the paper suggests that volatility in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) was significantly higher during the event window of COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, GARCH, event study, stock market reaction, cumulated abnormal volatility</text>
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                <text>10.3390/economies8040090</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Economics as a science</text>
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                <text>The challenge of 21st-century data analysis.</text>
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                <text>Kamran Abbasi</text>
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                <text>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</text>
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                <text>COVID-19: state failure is our misery and their jackpot.</text>
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                <text>COVID-19: an Immunopathological View</text>
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                <text>Kamran Kadkhoda</text>
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                <text>Since its emergence in December 2019, it took only a couple of months for an outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This along with the highly infectious nature of the disease and the associated mortality call for particular attention to the underlying (immuno)pathomechanism(s). The latter will inform case management and vaccine design. Unravelling these mechanisms can assist basic scientists, laboratory medicine practitioners, clinicians, public health practitioners, funding agencies, and health care policymakers in responding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.Since its emergence in December 2019, it took only a couple of months for an outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This along with the highly infectious nature of the disease and the associated mortality call for particular attention to the underlying (immuno)pathomechanism(s). The latter will inform case management and vaccine design. Unravelling these mechanisms can assist basic scientists, laboratory medicine practitioners, clinicians, public health practitioners, funding agencies, and health care policymakers in responding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.</text>
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                <text>immunopathology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00344-20</text>
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                <text>American Society for Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Managing Febrile Respiratory Illnesses during Hypothetical SARS Outbreaks</text>
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                <text>Kamran Khan, Michael Gardam, Peter Muennig, Joshua Graff Zivin</text>
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                <text>Since the World Health Organization declared the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) contained in July 2003, new cases have periodically reemerged in Asia. This situation has placed hospitals and health officials worldwide on heightened alert. In a future outbreak, rapidly and accurately distinguishing SARS from other common febrile respiratory illnesses (FRIs) could be difficult. We constructed a decision-analysis model to identify the most efficient strategies for managing undifferentiated FRIs within a hypothetical SARS outbreak in New York City during the season of respiratory infections. If establishing reliable epidemiologic links were not possible, societal costs would exceed $2.0 billion per month. SARS testing with existing polymerase chain reaction assays would have harmful public health and economic consequences if SARS made up</text>
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                <text>2005</text>
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                <text>cost-benefit analysis, human, mass screening, severe acute respiratory syndrome, influenza-like illness, influenza vaccination</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3201/eid1102.040524</text>
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                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine</text>
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                <text>Developing a Model for the Psychological Consequences of Corona Epidemic Anxiety and studying the Mediating Role of Spiritual Health</text>
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                <text>kamran sheivandi, fazlollah hasanvand</text>
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                <text>The aim of this study was to develop a model of psychological consequences of anxiety of corona epidemic and to investigate the mediating role of spiritual health. In terms of purpose, is an applied research and in nature, is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all residents of Lorestan province in 1398 that had faced with effects of coronavirus epidemic. The sample based on Cochran formula was 384 men and women. Sampling was done by cluster sampling and questionnaires were completed by internet survey. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Mello &amp; Worrell's (2007) time attitude, Paloutzian &amp; Ellison's Spiritual Health (1983), and the researcher - constructed Aggression and Relationship quality Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Generalized anxiety had a positive effect on the level of aggression and a negative effect on the quality of relationship and positive attitude toward the future. Spiritual health mediated the adverse effects of pervasive anxiety on positive future attitudes and quality of relationship with the family, but didnt show mediating effect on aggression. Due to the mental threats of corona epidemic, the necessity of recognizing the mediating factors is clearly seen, and the findings of this study to confirm the mediating role of spiritual health provide a strategic tool for the country's psychologists and planners. The results of this study suggest that spiritual health can be used as a cornerstone in maintaining the health of individuals as a fundamental factor in moderating the effects of generalized anxiety due to the corona crisis.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>anxiety  " "psychological outcomes"  "corona epidemic  "  "spiritual health""</text>
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                <text>10.22054/QCCPC.2020.50918.2346</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Psychology</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Society Defends Itself: The Biopolitical Dilemma, Singularity of Existence, and Social Black Hole in Covid-19</text>
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                <text>Kamuran Gökdağ</text>
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                <text>This essay focuses on the existential conflict between society and politics that has once again come to the fore in the sense of biopolitical theory with the Covid-19 outbreak. It attempts to demonstrate where and how the theory of biopolitics is insufficient at understanding the individual, who has reset all relationships under the circumstances of the pandemic, while providing a certain viewpoint based on true and logical facts. The essay considers this insufficiency as a common deficiency of the various types of biopolitical theory and correlates this to a historical deficiency that has lacked a concept of absolute singularity (i.e., singularity of existence) that would precede the compromises and necessities associated with life in identifying socio-political origins. Thus, the article argues the theory of biopolitics to have persisted in this sense within the theories of classical order, particularly the Hobbesian theory of social contract, based on replicated historical deficiency. Therefore, the key issue of the essay is whether a non-relational moment of existence exists for any nature or framework that refutes all the responsibilities, concessions, or regularities attached to it such that it cannot be appropriated. The essay affirms this issue through a theoretical probability and attempts to view the circumstances present in the Covid-19 phase not as the moment itself but as its signals, messages, and indications. This moment is conceptualized as a social black hole. Thus, the essay examines the destructive and constitutive role of the moment in which life sinks into social black holes.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Foucault, biopolitics, Hobbes, singularity of existence, social black holes</text>
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                <text>dx.doi.org/10.12658/M0616</text>
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                <text>İnsan &amp; Toplum</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85960">
                <text>İlmi Etüdler Derneği</text>
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                <text>History of scholarship and learning. The humanities</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Oil Spill Detection from Spaceborne SAR Images</text>
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                <text>Kan Zeng, Yixiao Wang</text>
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                <text>Classification algorithms for automatically detecting sea surface oil spills from spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) can usually be regarded as part of a three-step processing framework, which briefly includes image segmentation, feature extraction, and target classification. A Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), named the Oil Spill Convolutional Network (OSCNet), is proposed in this paper for SAR oil spill detection, which can do the latter two steps of the three-step processing framework. Based on VGG-16, the OSCNet is obtained by designing the architecture and adjusting hyperparameters with the data set of SAR dark patches. With the help of the big data set containing more than 20,000 SAR dark patches and data augmentation, the OSCNet can have as many as 12 weight layers. It is a relatively deep Deep Learning (DL) network for SAR oil spill detection. It is shown by the experiments based on the same data set that the classification performance of OSCNet has been significantly improved compared to that of traditional machine learning (ML). The accuracy, recall, and precision are improved from 92.50%, 81.40%, and 80.95% to 94.01%, 83.51%, and 85.70%, respectively. An important reason for this improvement is that the distinguishability of the features learned by OSCNet itself from the data set is significantly higher than that of the hand-crafted features needed by traditional ML algorithms. In addition, experiments show that data augmentation plays an important role in avoiding over-fitting and hence improves the classification performance. OSCNet has also been compared with other DL classifiers for SAR oil spill detection. Due to the huge differences in the data sets, only their similarities and differences are discussed at the principle level.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), oil spill detection, oil spills, lookalikes, dark patch</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/rs12061015</text>
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                <text>Remote Sensing</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Science</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Molecular Characterization and Amino Acid Homology of Nucleocapsid (N) Protein in SARS-CoV-1, SARSCoV-2, MERS-CoV, and Bat Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Kannan Subbaram, Hemalatha Kannan, Shantani Kannan, Sheeza Ali</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is posing a severe bio threat to the entire world. Nucleocapsids of SARSCoV-2 and the related viruses were studied for gene and amino acid sequence homologies. In this study,we established similarities and differences in nucleocapsids in SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratorysyndrome – coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), bat coronavirus (bat-CoV) and Middle East respiratorysyndrome - coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We conducted a detailed analysis of the nucleocapsid proteinamino acid and gene sequence encoding it, found in various coronavirus strains. After thoroughlyscreening the different nucleocapsids, we observed a close molecular homology between SARSCoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. More than 95% sequence similarity was observed between the two SARSCoV strains. Bat-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 showed 92% sequence similarity. MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2nucleocapsid analysis indicated only 65% identity. Molecular characterization of nucleocapsids fromvarious coronaviruses revealed that SARS-CoV 2 is more related to SARS-CoV 1 and bat-CoV. SARS-CoV2 exhibited less resemblance with MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV 2 showed less similarity to MERS-CoV. Thus,either SARS-CoV-1 or bat-CoV may be the source of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Moreover, the existingdifferences in nucleocapsid molecular structures in SARS-CoV-2 make this virus more virulent andhighly infectious, which means that the non-identical SARS-CoV-2 genes (which are absent in SARSCoV-1 and bat-CoV) are responsible for COVID-19 severity. We observed that SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsidfrom different locations varied in amino acid sequences. This revealed that there are many SARS-CoV-2subtypes/subsets currently circulating globally. This study will help to develop antiviral vaccine anddrugs, study viral replication and immunopathogenesis, and synthesize monoclonal antibodies thatcan be used for precise COVID-19 diagnosis, without false-positive/false-negative results.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Virulence, correlation, MERS, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, nucleocapsid N protein, SARS-CoV-1, bat-cov</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.13</text>
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                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Using Virtual Simulations in Online Laboratory Instruction and Active Learning Exercises as a Response to Instructional Challenges during COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Kanwal S Alvarez</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76664">
                <text>The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 thrust instructors into a world of frenzy, presenting unique challenges to delivering course content. A particular challenge was determining suitable substitutes for wet lab experiments that are often comprised in science labs. Recognizing that this problem was not short-term, I started to look into virtual substitutions to be implemented in the 2020-2021 academic year. Virtual simulations can replace labs, be incorporated as pre-lab assignments, or used as active-learning or experiential learning exercises in a traditional classroom setting while providing low-cost, safe, and acceptable solutions to the current problem. Virtual simulations were examined on different platforms, including Labster, McGraw Hill Connect Virtual Labs, HHMI BioInteractive, Learn.Genetics, Virtual Interactive Bacteriology Laboratory, and Biology Corner. The goal was to provide faculty around the world with a reference list of virtual simulations that are aligned to specific AAAS and ASM student learning outcomes. These simulations are discussed in terms of content, features, and advantages of use. A list of lab exercises aligned to biology courses (microbiology, genetics, and cell biology) is also provided.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76665">
                <text>2021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76666">
                <text>10.1128/jmbe.v22i1.2503</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76667">
                <text>Journal of Microbiology &amp; Biology Education</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76668">
                <text>American Society for Microbiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
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