Impactos de la epidemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, durante los primeros 60 días en Cuba
Epidemiología, covid-19, coronavirus sars-cov-2, modelación, impactos
Introdución:La pandemia mundial de SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), afecta a todos los países del mundo.Objetivo:Describir los impactos de la pandemia Covid-19 en Cuba, en los primeros 60 días.Métodos:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo sobre el comportamiento de la COVID-19. Las variables estudiadas fueron el número de contagiados totales y fallecidos y el desglose por sexos y grupos de edades. Se utilizaron tablas de contingencia y se aplicó la prueba de comparación Múltiple de Duncan. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión.Resultados:En los primeros 60 días del virus COVID-19 en Cuba se contagiaron 1 804 ciudadanos, la mayoría cubanos. El modelo cuadrático que explica el número de contagiados, mostró que, a los 35 días, se presentaron los valores máximos de contagios y que posteriormente descendió este indicador. Los porcentajes fueron similares entre hombres y mujeres y superior en el grupos edad de 40 a 59. Sin altas en los primeros 20 días, en los últimos 10 días este indicador aumentó debido a la efectividad de los tratamientos aplicados, siendo el número de altas superior al número de pacientes contagiados.Conclusiones:El análisis de los indicadores epidemiológico en Cuba, durante los primeros 60 días, ratifica que las medidas tomadas por el Sistema Nacional de Salud y el gobierno, con la colaboración de los ciudadanos y el resto de los organismos, logra la recuperación de esta pandemia, en un tiempo corto, comparado con la situación en otros países del mundo.
Verena Torres Cárdenas, Denis Lizazo Torres, Yalily de la Cruz San Juan
HEALTH PROTOCOLS – AN INSTRUMENT TO IMPROVE HOTELS' SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS
covid-19 pandemic, hotels, health protocols
Tourism products have sustainable characteristics as far as they target both ecological and social aspects. Therecent COVID-19 virus has generated major changes in economic activities and in our daily life. Tourism is among themost affected economic sectors, the tourism activities registering a worrying decline. The World Health Organizationand other official organisations have introduced specific prevention and control measures to be applied by theaccommodation units. The article analyzes the main sanitary measures imposed by the official authorities, bothnational and international. At the same time, another objective of the article is the analysis of the plans in actionintroduced by the best-known hotel brands in their attempt to limit the effects produced by the virus and the resumptionof the hotel activities. Also, the article presents the results of an analysis among the Romanian 5-star hotels from themost visited tourism destinations, respectively mountain and seaside destinations. The topic of the research aims theassessment of the information provided to their guests on the sanitary measures undertaken by the hotels managementteams. The results obtained highlight an unexpected and also sad situation, as most of the analyzed Romanian hotels donot provide any information on this topic.
Economics as a science, Commercial geography. Economic geography
ACE2 Receptor in the skin and Cutaneous Manifestations of SARS-Cov-2: A Review of the Literature
A B S T R A C T Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly discovered coronavirus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The interaction of SARS-CoV-2 transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) is the primary method of virus entry to the cell. ACE2 is a transmembrane enzyme involved in the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system. This enzyme plays pivotal roles in blood pressure regulations and also electrolyte homeostasis. The expression of ACE2 in various skin cells has been demonstrated in previous studies. Keratinocytes in the epidermis show an exceptionally high expression of ACE2. In addition to human skin, ACE2 is also found in animals’ tissues and were exceptionally high in cats and dogs’ skin and eyes. This finding suggests their obscure role in COVID-19 transmission. Cutaneous symptoms of COVID-19 in humans exist as the consequence of ACE2 presence in the skin. The possible mechanisms of COVID-19 clinical manifestations in the skin are upregulated innate immune human response, hypercoagulable state, and non- structural proteins in SARS-CoV-2. These processes are presented as different dermatologic manifestations, which are maculopapular rash, papulovesicular rash, and livedo reticularis. This review aims to link the theoretical framework and published findings to establish the connection between ACE2 expression in skin and cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19.
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system
Data on an Austrian Company's Productivity in the Pre-Covid-19 Era, During the Lockdown and After Its Easing: To Work Remotely or Not?
covid-19, Productivity, face-to-display workplace, fall in productivity, future prevalance
The Covid-19 crisis across the world has increased the proportion of e-working. The transition from cubicles to the home office raised many questions in connection with companies adopting the new working conditions. Our paper provides recent evidence on the extent of this move, its impact on workplace evolution, productivity and the future prevalence of the face-to-display workplace after the easing of the lockdown. It uses data from 154 service employees of an Austrian sports and leisure product company obtained using online surveys on employees' opinions on e-working. By a coincidence, we conducted the first of them shortly prior to the epidemic. We decided to modify our planned research goals and decided to study their opinions during different Covid-19 stages. As a result, our findings do not follow all the academic standards. First, they are almost impossible to replicate due to the specific coincidence. Then, the shift in our aims leads us to minor changes in the content of the questionnaire. There are not only significant differences in the proportion of workers in the office and at home during the different periods of the lockdown. After its end, there was a significant increase in the number of those who had started working at home—more than one half. Compared to the period prior to the lockdown, they have a tolerant attitude to their work from home and believe that their productivity might remain the same. For many of them the change was an unavoidable obligation so they would prefer to return to the traditional workplace. The results suggest that more than one fifth want to continue working from home permanently, about one third more frequently than before, more than a quarter sometimes and just one seventh not at all. We studied the issues related to their productivity and its limits during all three stages. There are three important reasons for the fall in productivity related to e-working: (1) Providing childcare/home schooling, pet sitting and/or care for others while working (>one-fourth); (2) Work-from-home routine (>one-fourth); and (3) Having less work to do (>one-fifth).
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Mental Health: An Extensive Narrative Review
Anxiety, quarantine, covid-19, Pandemic, Stress
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has surprised health authorities around the world producing a global health crisis. This research discusses the main psychosocial stressors associated with COVID-19 in the literature, and the responses of global public mental health services to these events. Thus, a consensus and critical review were performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The method was a systematic literature review (SLR) of the available literature regarding mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct the present narrative review. Different stressors are identified in this pandemic, from psychophysiological, confinement, to social and work. Depending on the level of severity and the country of origin, various interventions have been applied that mark different ways of returning to normality and preparing new interventions. This new stressor has a direct impact on the mental health of the population, provoking governments, and health services to become more flexible, innovate and adapt to the changing situation. The use of technology and mass media could be an important tool in this aim. Independent of this, preparing the general population for possible future waves of the pandemic is currently the best measure to mitigate more serious effects on the mental health of the population.
Alberto Hormeño-Holgado, Manuel Jiménez, Juan Camilo Benitez-Agudelo, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez, Marina Begoña Martinez-Gonzalez, Natalia Perez-Palencia, Carmen Cecilia Laborde-Cárdenas, Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences
Business action on sustainability and resilience in the context of COVID-19
covid-19, resilience, sustainability, ecological economics, Business Management
Facing up to the COVID-19 crisis has emphasized the importance of taking a critical and systemic look at business action for sustainability. The aims of this article are: to discuss sustainability, through the theoretical lenses of ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ sustainability and its relationship with economic paradigms; to present the theory of resilience as an alternative to the current challenges; and, based on the concepts presented, to analyze the indications of how organizations are reacting to the crisis. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with companies operating in Brazil. As a result it was found that signs of the realignment of the companies’ initial purpose of creating value for society coexist alongside signs of continued investment in market-based solutions and the search for infinite growth on a planet with limited resources.
Mariana Nicolletti, Gabriela Alem, Marta Blazek, Paola Fillippi, Luis Felipe Bismarchi
RAE: Revista de Administração de Empresas
Pembuatan masker dan bilik disinfektan sebagai upaya membantu masyarakat terdampak covid-19
The spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia has begun to increase from April 2020, this is because there are still many people who have not implemented the prevention of transmission such as one of them using masks. Observations made at crowded places such as traditional markets found that many people do not use masks due to the scarcity of masks in the market. The methods of making the masks and disinfectant booths aims to help the community, especially in the Kediri region which was affected by the spread of Covid-19. The masks and disinfectant booth products are carried out independently by the Kadiri University in collaboration with the students, lecturers, and alumni of Kadiri University, where the products will be submitted as a form of social service to people in need such as the traditional market in Grogol Village, Kediri Regency. In addition to distributing masks to the public, also given education through socialization the importance of doing a form of prevention of the spread of Covid-19 by always washing hands regularly, keep a distance, and always use a mask.
Imam Safi'i, Agata Iwan Candra, Silvi Rushanti Widodo, Ariadi Santoso, Budi Heryanto, Eko Winarti, Afif Nur Rahmadi
Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Islam Malang
Food processing and manufacture, Academies and learned societies
How COVID-19 impacts Vietnam’s banking stocks: An event study method
lockdown, Stock Market, Abnormal return, Banking industry, blockage
The banking industry is one of the major industries in the Vietnamese stock market, so understanding how the industry index reacts to unusual events such as COVID-19’s impact is very important for the development of the Vietnamese stock market. This study examines the response of the banking sector index to three lockdown/blockage announcements to prevent the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam in 2020. Three times of lockdown/blockage: On February 13, 2020, blockade of Son Loi commune, Vinh Phuc province; on March 30, 2020, Vietnam announced the nationwide epidemic of COVID-19 and then nationwide lockdown, and on July 28, 2020, blockade in Da Nang. In the first case, the abnormal returns changed the sign around the notification date indicating that the stock price deviated from its fair value, but accumulating abnormal returns CAR (0;3] and CAR (0; 2] are both positive and statistically significant, which means that investors are more secure when the epidemic area is tightly controlled. The nationwide lockdown was the event that had the strongest impact on the stock price when both AR and CAR were negative and statistically significant before and after the date of the event’s announcement. Nationwide lockdown was the event that had the strongest impact on stock prices as both AR and CAR were negative in the days before and days after the event. This result supports the theory of imperfect substitution. Only AR [2] was positive and statistically significant, showing that the blockade event in Da Nang had a slight impact on the banking sector’s stock price.
Immunoinformatics and Structural Analysis for Identification of Immunodominant Epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 as Potential Vaccine Targets
HLA, covid-19, immunodominant epitope, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine target
A new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, has recently emerged, and has caused a global pandemic along with an international public health emergency. Currently, no licensed vaccines are available for COVID-19. The identification of immunodominant epitopes for both B- and T-cells that induce protective responses in the host is crucial for effective vaccine design. Computational prediction of potential epitopes might significantly reduce the time required to screen peptide libraries as part of emergent vaccine design. In our present study, we used an extensive immunoinformatics-based approach to predict conserved immunodominant epitopes from the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. Regions from SARS-CoV-2 protein sequences were defined as immunodominant, based on the following three criteria regarding B- and T-cell epitopes: (i) they were both mapped, (ii) they predicted protective antigens, and (iii) they were completely identical to experimentally validated epitopes of SARS-CoV. Further, structural and molecular docking analyses were performed in order to understand the binding interactions of the identified immunodominant epitopes with human major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). Our study provides a set of potential immunodominant epitopes that could enable the generation of both antibody- and cell-mediated immunity. This could contribute to developing peptide vaccine-based adaptive immunotherapy against SARS-CoV-2 infections and prevent future pandemic outbreaks.
Sumit Mukherjee, Dmitry Tworowski, Rajesh Detroja, Sunanda Biswas Mukherjee, Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
Pathomorphology of certain organs of immunogenesis by experimental reproduction of coronavirus infection in dogs
coronavirus, dogs, histology, pathomorphology, Immune organs
The article, based on the results of histological studies, presents data on the microscopic structure of the immune system – thymus, spleen, lymph nodes of dogs with experimental infection with coronavirus enteritis. Pathomorphological studies of immunocompetent organs from the dead (n = 5) puppies crossed Labrador breeds with outbred, infected with a coronavirus field isolate cultured on heterologous cell cultures (kidney kidney hamster (BHK-21), rabbit kidney (RK-13) and the renal mumps (SPEV). Pathological dissection of dogs was performed by partial evisceration in the usual sequence. Prepared histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to standard recipes. The general histological structure and microstructural changes of histo- and cytostructures of organs in histological samples were studied under a light microscope. During coronavirus enteritis in dogs, pathomorphological changes in immunocompetent organs were found, which characterize the suppression of immunogenesis function during an infectious disease of viral etiology. Thus, in the spleen there are spotted hemorrhages, lymph nodes, moderate hyperplasia, with signs of hemorrhagic inflammation. Active proliferation of lymphoid cells, which leads to hyperplasia, is one of the markers of the pathogen's effect on the macroorganism in the form of an inflammatory process in regional lymph nodes, which indicates the multiplication of the virus and the development of immunological processes. Based on our analysis of literature sources, monitoring results and our own research, it was found that viral enteritis occupies a leading place in the infectious pathology of dogs and causes significant harm to animal owners. Thus, the need for additional research to clarify, supplement and summarize data on the pathomorphology of various organs and tissues in canine corona viridae enteritis, current immunoprophylaxis and treatment can significantly reduce the incidence and mortality from infection. We found a set of histological changes in the immune system during the experimental reproduction of coronavirus infection, can be considered a characteristic criterion for pathomorphological differential diagnosis of coronavirus enteritis in dogs.
N. Radzikhovsky, I. Sokulskiy, O. Dyshkant
Науковий вісник Львівського національного університету ветеринарної медицини та біотехнологій імені С.З. Ґжицького: Серія Ветеринарні науки
Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv