1074 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/3653a5bf14e4718b8f3877208903add4.pdf 96c2c9e47b32f3f38a6b8a51d5621b8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Role of Immune Dysregulation in Increased Mortality Among a Specific Subset of COVID-19 Patients and Immune-Enhancement Strategies for Combatting Through Nutritional Supplements Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kosagi-Sharaf Rao, Vaddi Suryaprakash, Rajappa Senthilkumar, Senthilkumar Preethy, Shojiro Katoh, Nobunao Ikewaki, Nobunao Ikewaki, Samuel J. K. Abraham, Samuel J. K. Abraham, Samuel J. K. Abraham Description An account of the resource Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been causing varying severities of illness. Some are asymptomatic and some develop severe disease leading to mortality across ages. This contrast triggered us explore the causes, with the background that a vaccine for effective immunization or a drug to tackle COVID-19 is not too close to reality. We have discussed strategies to combat COVID-19 through immune enhancement, using simple measures including nutritional supplements.Discussion: A literature search on mortality-related comorbid conditions was performed. For those conditions, we analyzed the pro-inflammatory cytokines, which could cause the draining of the immune reservoir. We also analyzed the immune markers necessary for the defense mechanism/immune surveillance against COVID-19, especially through simple means including immune enhancing nutritional supplement consumption, and we suggest strategies to combat COVID-19. Major comorbid conditions associated with increased mortality include cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, being immunocompromised by cancer, and severe kidney disease with a senile immune system. Consumption of Aureobasidium pullulans strain (AFO-202) beta 1,3-1,6 glucan supported enhanced IL-8, sFAS macrophage activity, and NK cells' cytotoxicity, which are major defense mechanisms against viral infection.Conclusion: People with co-morbid conditions who are more prone to COVID-19-related deaths due to immune dysregulation are likely to benefit from consuming nutritional supplements that enhance the immune system. We recommend clinical studies to validate AFO-202 beta glucan in COVID-19 patients to prove its efficacy in overcoming a hyper-inflammation status, thus reducing the mortality, until a definite vaccine is made available. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, comorbidity, diabetes, Hypertension, immunocompromised, chronic kidney disease Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01548 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Immunologic diseases. Allergy https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1baa2406d85be002ffcd9d2caf9e2518.pdf 1ced756df4b2afbd8dd90639e3d98387 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Norgal: extraction and de novo assembly of mitochondrial DNA from whole-genome sequencing data Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kosai Al-Nakeeb, Thomas Nordahl Petersen, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) projects provide short read nucleotide sequences from nuclear and possibly organelle DNA depending on the source of origin. Mitochondrial DNA is present in animals and fungi, while plants contain DNA from both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Current techniques for separating organelle reads from nuclear reads in WGS data require full reference or partial seed sequences for assembling. Results Norgal (de Novo ORGAneLle extractor) avoids this requirement by identifying a high frequency subset of k-mers that are predominantly of mitochondrial origin and performing a de novo assembly on a subset of reads that contains these k-mers. The method was applied to WGS data from a panda, brown algae seaweed, butterfly and filamentous fungus. We were able to extract full circular mitochondrial genomes and obtained sequence identities to the reference sequences in the range from 98.5 to 99.5%. We also assembled the chloroplasts of grape vines and cucumbers using Norgal together with seed-based de novo assemblers. Conclusion Norgal is a pipeline that can extract and assemble full or partial mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes from WGS short reads without prior knowledge. The program is available at: https://bitbucket.org/kosaidtu/norgal . Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource mitochondrial DNA, k-mer, Next-generation sequencing, de novo assembly Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1927-y Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived BMC Bioinformatics Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available BMC Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General), Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/49b47dbe4ab1cabe8cf7061a2779cb8d.pdf 4eb3713f569365504396d124f3b91444 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Músicas, sonidos, ruidos de la ciudad: hacia una polifonía sonora Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kostas Paparrigopoulos Description An account of the resource En este texto, nos preguntamos por las diferentes bipolarizaciones que se encuentran frecuentemente en la ecología del sonido. La atención estará centrada particularmente en una dicotomía esencial que clasifica los sonidos entre “deseables” e “indeseables”, musicales o no musicales, hi-fi o lo-fi, ruido o no ruido. Nos detendremos en algunas observaciones ligadas a esta dicotomía y que conciernen la estética y la libertad en el arte, la formación y la expresión de la subjetividad individual y colectiva, así como las eventuales implicaciones sociales, ecológicas, políticas, incluso geopolíticas. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource Ecologia social, Ecologia sonora, Ecosofia, Ruído, subjetivación Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.22370/panambi.2017.4.833 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Panambí Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidad de Valparaíso Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Fine Arts, The performing arts. Show business Relation A related resource <a href="http://revistas.uv.cl/index.php/Panambi/article/view/833" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://revistas.uv.cl/index.php/Panambi/article/view/833</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/40752f52c45aad6098b30360286b8aee.pdf 922753e3968b857a9dc7b493dff9cb91 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Використання інформаційних технологій для аналізу епідеміологічного стану Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kostiantyn Bulyha, Olena Bulyha Description An account of the resource Метою статті є пошук оптимальних методів побудови тренду з метою аналізу епідеміологічної ситуації в разі подальшого розвитку пандемії COVID-19. Докладно розглянуто завдання, які виникли зі зростом випадків інфікування восени 2020 року. Методи дослідження: узагальнення методу найменших квадратів Гауса та методологія Facebook Prophet. Новизною проведеного дослідження є порівняльний аналіз переваг і недоліків систем, що використовують для оперативної обробки статистичних даних, зокрема електронних таблиць MS Excel. Висновки. Викладений у статті матеріал дає наочні приклади виконання статистичних розрахунків з використанням широко розповсюджених програмних продуктів. Розглянуто проблеми, що виникають у зв’язку з правдивістю статистичної інформації. Представлено приклади реальних розрахунків трендів епідеміологічної ситуації. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource пандемія covid-19, MSExcel, інформаційна система, статистичний аналіз, метод найменших квадратів, лінія тренду Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.31866/2617-796x.3.2.2020.220590 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Цифрова платформа: інформаційні технології в соціокультурній сфері Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available KNUKiM Publishing Centre Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Bibliography. Library science. Information resources, Computer software https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/2ce4b48c7259d9a93983360c3eb3403d.pdf 2b5d1d88414caf433be8e61393652006 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Effectiveness of Social Measures against COVID-19 Outbreaks in Selected Japanese Regions Analyzed by System Dynamic Modeling Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kota Kodama, Makoto Niwa, Yasushi Hara, Shintaro Sengoku Description An account of the resource In Japan’s response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), virus testing was limited to symptomatic patients due to limited capacity, resulting in uncertainty regarding the spread of infection and the appropriateness of countermeasures. System dynamic modelling, comprised of stock flow and infection modelling, was used to describe regional population dynamics and estimate assumed region-specific transmission rates. The estimated regional transmission rates were then mapped against actual patient data throughout the course of the interventions. This modelling, together with simulation studies, demonstrated the effectiveness of inbound traveler quarantine and resident self-isolation policies and practices. A causal loop approach was taken to link societal factors to infection control measures. This causal loop modelling suggested that the only effective measure against COVID-19 transmission in the Japanese context was intervention in the early stages of the outbreak by national and regional governments, and no social self-strengthening dynamics were demonstrated. These findings may contribute to an understanding of how social resilience to future infectious disease threats can be developed. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, System Dynamics, new infectious disease Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/ijerph17176238 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/00d0849ba11ded8918c071c124c390e6.pdf 951758eff4b0bfade0ea8d0ae0c1ec84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Recovery of Rural Green Tourism in COVID-19 Conditions as an Instrument for the Renovation of the Agrarian Economy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kovalova Olena V., Samsonova Viktoriia V., Gakal Tetiana O. Description An account of the resource The article proves that modern globalization challenges create unique opportunities for the recovery of rural green tourism, outlining the prospects for its attribution to strategically important sectors of the national economy on the grounds of priority, resilience and responsibility. However, achieving such results is impossible without appropriate organizational and economic provision for the development of infrastructure of enterprises of rural green tourism, where the State-based levers and instruments play a special role, because due to the sudden, unprecedented drop in demand, the travel and tourism sector will require, first of all, financial incentives with regard to support and recovery. The article is aimed at determine the potential for the recovery of green rural tourism in the conditions of COVID-19 as an instrument for the renovation of the agrarian economy. It is specified that the development of normative and legal provision for the activation of economic activity in the sphere of rural green tourism is a basic condition for the formation of a legal framework for the development of this type of tourism and attraction of investments in this industry. The main determinants of infrastructure development of rural green tourism in Ukraine have been identified and priority measures for the development of rural green and gastronomic tourism in rural areas for the future period are proposed. According to the authors, the active development of rural green tourism in Ukraine necessitates the following: carrying out an analysis of the current system of railway communication between cities and adjusting it to the tourist map of the country; increasing the level of responsibility of carriers for their activities and create conditions for safe passage through the territory; to carry out repairs not only of nationally important roads, but to maintain local roads in good condition as well; improving the quality of road infrastructure, with a focus on placing the appropriate identifying signs for both historical tourist sites and objects of rural green tourism; increasing the efficiency of the State regulation in this sphere. Prospects for further research are to determine the feasibility of implementing the world experience of recovering the tourism industry, particularly rural green tourism. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource rural green tourism, agrarian economy, renovation of the tourism industry, normative and legal provision, the state support for the recovery of sectoral development Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-155-162 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biotemas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Business https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/7816d0a3c6e27d9b442a84bd08e5ddcf.pdf bae264c2a8c78da66535bb6b0c11df2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Using digital technologies to create equal opportunities in higher education in the Russian Federation: COVID-2019 lessons Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kozyreva Anna, Nadtoka Ruslan Description An account of the resource The article examines the experience of higher education educational organizations of the Russian Federation in the development and implementation of digital tools and services to form equal access to educational content. The Anti-Crisis Measures adopted by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation to regulate the higher education sector are being evaluated to ensure that education is accessible and that the learning process is stopped during the COVID-19 pandemic.Over the past few months, studies in higher education on the quality of digital solutions used and their adequacy during the spread of the pandemic of the new COVID-2019 coronavirus infection and the transition mainly to remote forms of educational services show a low degree of readiness to provide equal access to education and reflect the risks of social conflict. It is important to ensure the digital readiness of higher education organizations to provide quality educational services through the introduction of advanced domestic programs and technologies, including those with elements of artificial intelligence; training of teachers and the administrative staff of educational institutions. Particular attention is paid to ensuring access to education in the subjects of the Russian Federation, where students and entrants face difficulties in remotely studying national languages and national culture. The study proposes to consider, among other things, support for the creation and implementation of online educational courses in the languages of national minorities, the expansion of e-library services containing unique cultural and language content, taking into account the specifics of the region’s learners. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1051/e3sconf/202020809035 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Environmental sciences https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/6c7d1c2c3163c62e5bb2774f974e9bb2.pdf dbb2fa3e68c92cf4fd88d5a9131e8fd8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource From Gandhi to Deendayal: contradictions of conservative Hindu tendencies in Indian environmental thinking = De Gandhi a Deendayal: contradições nas tendências conservadoras hindus no pensamento ecológico indiano = De Gandhi a Deendayal: contradicciones en las tendencias conservadoras hindúes en el pensamiento ecológico de la India Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Krejčík, Jiří Description An account of the resource Este artigo examina as tendências tradicionalistas e conservadoras no pensamento ambiental na Índia, especialmente nos trabalhos de M. K. Gandhi e Deendayal Upadhyay. Uma atenção especial é dada ao conceito de humanismo integral, desse último autor, que recentemente se tornou uma ideia amplamente discutida no discurso público indiano. Explorando suas bases ideológicas, o radicalismo espiritual de Gandhi e o humanismo integral de Deendayal são colocados na tendência mais ampla do pensamento nacionalista e ambientalista indiano, mostrando a possível convergência da ecologia e do conservadorismo social. Analisando as implicações das tendências autoritárias e não-igualitárias na sociedade, isso mostra como os movimentos ambientalistas indianos, baseando-se nas tradições bramânicas e no pensamento de Gandhi, tendem a ser sequestrados pelo nacionalismo hindu Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Subject The topic of the resource Hinduismo, Humanismo;, ambientalismo, ecología Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (EDIPUCRS) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Social sciences (General) Relation A related resource <a href="http://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/civitas/article/view/31973/18268" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/civitas/article/view/31973/18268</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/7fe9436ce4c1aa713ac3529f60cf54bb.pdf 929c7458da2ba43ec2ec99d5addbb01c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Impact of Flexible Working Hours, Remote Working, and Work Life Balance to Employee Satisfaction in Banking Industry during Covid-19 Pandemic Period Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kresna Chandra Putra, Tedo Aris Pratama, Rionaldo Aureri Linggautama, Sekar Wulan Prasetyaningtyas Description An account of the resource During the situation like Coronavirus COVID -19 pandemic that happened in 2020, forcing various banking companies to make adjustments and changes to their work system. The flexible working system is one of the most widely used, which has an impact on workers especially during this pandemic conditions. The impact of the change in work system in banking sector is interesting to study, especially since the banking industry in Indonesia still mostly uses conventional work systems. . This study aims to measure the impact of flexible working hours (FWH), remote working (RW), and work life balance (WLB) on employee job satisfaction in the banking industry during the pandemic. In this study, data were collected using quantitative, non-probability, purposive sampling methods via online questionnaires, which were distributed to employees in the banking sector during the pandemic period in Jabodetabek area. With total of 160 respondents who were used to perform analysis using the PLS-SEM method which was carried out with the SMART-PLS software. This study found that in pandemic conditions, achieving WLB conditions will have a positive impact on job satisfaction. The implementation of the RW system itself has a positive impact in helping to achieve the WLB conditions that are felt by banking workers in the Jabodetabek area, in contrast to the FWH system which does not have a similar effect on WLB. In addition, this study also provides an academic basis for the use of flexible working hour and remote working systems to increase job satisfaction, especially in the banking industry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource job satisfaction, Work Life Balance, Remote working, flexible working hours Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.47153/jbmr15.592020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Business, Finance https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/fa578b1eabf8426fef8758de113f0c29.pdf 36acdde5f6686364fb09c346ffecc05e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A human <it>in vitro </it>model system for investigating genome-wide host responses to SARS coronavirus infection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Krishna Murthy Karuturi R, Tan Jenny, Neo Soek-Ying, Tang Kin-Fai, Ooi Eng-Eong, Hibberd Martin L, Ng Lisa FP, Vega Vinsensius B, Chia Jer-Ming, Liu Edison T, Ren Ee-Chee Description An account of the resource Abstract Background The molecular basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) induced pathology is still largely unclear. Many SARS patients suffer respiratory distress brought on by interstitial infiltration and frequently show peripheral blood lymphopenia and occasional leucopenia. One possible cause of this could be interstitial inflammation, following a localized host response. In this study, we therefore examine the immune response of SARS-CoV in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) over the first 24 hours. Methods PBMCs from normal healthy donors were inoculated in vitro with SARS-CoV and the viral replication kinetics was studied by real-time quantitative assays. SARS-CoV specific gene expression changes were examined by high-density oligonucleotide array analysis. Results We observed that SARS-CoV was capable of infecting and replicating in PBMCs and the kinetics of viral replication was variable among the donors. SARS-CoV antibody binding assays indicated that SARS specific antibodies inhibited SARS-CoV viral replication. Array data showed monocyte-macrophage cell activation, coagulation pathway upregulation and cytokine production together with lung trafficking chemokines such as IL8 and IL17, possibly activated through the TLR9 signaling pathway; that mimicked clinical features of the disease. Conclusions The identification of human blood mononuclear cells as a direct target of SARS-CoV in the model system described here provides a new insight into disease pathology and a tool for investigating the host response and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-4-34 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived BMC Infectious Diseases Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available BMC Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Infectious and parasitic diseases Language A language of the resource EN