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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>A Global Screening Assay to Select for Maize Phenotypes with a High Tolerance or Resistance to &lt;i&gt;Fusarium verticillioides&lt;/i&gt; (Sacc.) Nirenberg Rots</text>
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                <text>Lav Sharma, Shamir  Gabriel Román, Jesús Quiroz-Chávez, Miguel Villalobos, Vianey Urías-Gutiérrez, Eusebio Nava-Pérez, Eliel Ruíz-May, Rupesh  Kumar Singh, Francisco  Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa</text>
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                <text>Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (Fv) causes rots in maize around the world and produces mycotoxins that contaminate grains, making this species a significant health concern for both animals and humans. One of the best approaches to address rots is to identify highly tolerant or resistant genotypes that can be used for genetic improvement. The aim of the study was to evaluate dose-response assays to tolerance or resistance for Fv rots throughout the maize life cycle. These tests assessed the effects of Fv during post-germination development and the seedling (V2) stage by seed infection, the plantlet (V4) stage by substrate infection, and in the reproductive phase in maize stalks (R2 stage) and ears (R6 stage) by R1 stage inoculation. In all assays, the doses were effective at distinguishing contrasting phenotypes. Severity, root fresh weight, and aerial length were the most informative parameters at the V2 and V4 stages. Evaluation of the stalk necrosis area between and within the internodes of susceptible genotypes revealed significant differences among doses, and a positive correlation between necrosis and conidia concentration was observed in internodes. Injecting eight million conidia in the ear was sufficient for selecting different phenotypes. A total of 85% of the genotypes conserved their same capacity to respond to Fv infection throughout the maize life cycle, so that screening at the early vegetative stage (e.g., V2) could be useful for distinguishing contrasting phenotypes in the reproductive stage. Implementing these screening assays in a maize breeding program could be valuable for classifying the degrees of resilience of maize germplasms to Fv rots. This global screening has the potential to be employed to select against other Fusarium species.</text>
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                <text>&lt;i&gt;Zea mays&lt;/i&gt; L, fusariosis, maize breeding</text>
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                <text>10.3390/agronomy10121990</text>
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                <text>Agronomy</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Agriculture</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/1990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/1990&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>First Demonstration of Clinical &lt;i&gt;Fusarium&lt;/i&gt; Strains Causing Cross-Kingdom Infections from Humans to Plants</text>
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                <text>Lav Sharma, Thuluz Meza-Menchaca, Rupesh Kumar Singh, Jesús Quiroz-Chávez, Luz María García-Pérez, Norma Rodríguez-Mora, Manuel Soto-Luna, Guadalupe Gastélum-Contreras, Virginia Vanzzini-Zago, Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa</text>
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                <text>Mycotoxins from the Fusarium genus are widely known to cause economic losses in crops, as well as high mortalities rates among immunocompromised humans. However, to date, no correlation has been established for the ability of Fusarium to cause cross-kingdom infection between plants and humans. The present investigation aims to fill this gap in the literature by examining cross-kingdom infection caused by Furasium strains isolated from non-immunocompromised or non-immunosuppressed humans, which were subsequently reinfected in plants and on human tissue. The findings document for the first time cross-kingdom infective events in Fusarium species, thus enhancing our existing knowledge of how mycopathogens continue to thrive in different hosts.</text>
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                <text>Keratomycosis, horizontal cross-kingdom, onychomycosis, pathogenicity</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.3390/microorganisms8060947</text>
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                <text>Microorganisms</text>
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                <text>Biology (General)</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/6/947" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/6/947&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Identifying the Quality Nuggets Amid the Explosion of COVID-19-Related Scientific Communication: An Insurmountable Challenge?</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Lavi Oud</text>
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                <text>10.14740/jocmr4328</text>
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                <text>Journal of clinical medicine research</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Toll-like receptors, chemokine receptors and death receptor ligands responses in SARS coronavirus infected human monocyte derived dendritic cells</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Law Helen KW, Cheung Chung, Sia Sin, Chan Yuk, Peiris JS Malik, Lau Yu</text>
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                <text>Abstract Background The SARS outbreak in 2003 provides a unique opportunity for the study of human responses to a novel virus. We have previously reported that dendritic cells (DCs) might be involved in the immune escape mechanisms for SARS-CoV. In this study, we focussed on the gene expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), chemokine receptors (CCRs) and death receptor ligands in SARS-CoV infected DCs. We also compared adult and cord blood (CB) DCs to find a possible explanation for the age-dependent severity of SARS. Results Our results demonstrates that SARS-CoV did not modulate TLR-1 to TLR-10 gene expression but significantly induced the expression of CCR-1, CCR-3, and CCR-5. There was also strong induction of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), but not Fas ligand gene expression in SARS-CoV infected DCs. Interestingly, the expressions of most genes studied were higher in CB DCs than adult DCs. Conclusion The upregulation of chemokines and CCRs may facilitate DC migration from the infection site to the lymph nodes, whereas the increase of TRAIL may induce lymphocyte apoptosis. These findings may explain the increased lung infiltrations and lymphoid depletion in SARS patients. Further explorations of the biological significance of these findings are warranted.</text>
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                <text>2009</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-35</text>
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                <text>BMC Immunology</text>
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                <text>Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
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                <text>Inferior Education or Killing Grandma: The Dilemma Facing the Public School Systems in the United States</text>
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                <text>Lawrence Bodin, Barry Frieman</text>
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                <text>Due to COVID-19, school districts in the fall of 2020 had to decide whether to conduct all classes in person or offer some or all of these classes virtually. Many school districts would decide on a program and then change their decision based on the COVID-19 situation in their area. These changes caused education and personal issues for the students, teachers, parents, and others who worked in their school system. This paper explores how the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a well-regarded, multi-criteria decision analysis approach, can be used to analyze this situation by developing two prototype versions of the AHP and illustrating these versions of the AHP with a detailed example. The team approach for analyzing this issue is also described. Additionally, the current situation of this problem in the United States and elsewhere is discussed. Finally, Professor Bodin is making software that he has developed available (at no cost) for carrying out many of the computations for the AHP versions described in this paper.</text>
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                <text>Inhibition of SARS Coronavirus Infection In Vitro with Clinically Approved Antiviral Drugs</text>
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                <text>Lawrence W. Stanton, Bing Lim, Eng Eong Ooi, Ai Ee Ling, Hwee Cheng Tan, Chin-Yo Lin, Emily L.C. Tan</text>
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                <text>Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease caused by a newly identified human coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Currently, no effective drug exists to treat SARS-CoV infection. In this study, we investigated whether a panel of commercially available antiviral drugs exhibit in vitro anti–SARS-CoV activity. A drug-screening assay that scores for virus-induced cytopathic effects on cultured cells was used. Tested were 19 clinically approved compounds from several major antiviral pharmacologic classes: nucleoside analogs, interferons, protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors. Complete inhibition of cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV in culture was observed for interferon subtypes, β-1b, α-n1, α-n3, and human leukocyte interferon α. These findings support clinical testing of approved interferons for the treatment of SARS.</text>
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                <text>2004</text>
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                <text>antiviral, in vitro, antivirals, Antiviral Agents, agents, antiviral drugs</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3201/eid1004.030458</text>
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                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
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                <text>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine</text>
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                <text>Performance comparison of the Cobas® Liat® and Cepheid® GeneXpert® systems on SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and posterior oropharyngeal saliva.</text>
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                <text>Lawrence Wing Chi Chan, William Chi Shing Cho, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Hin Fung Tsang, Wai Ming Stanley Leung</text>
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                <text>Background: Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) based methods such as real-time reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) are the gold standard for diagnosis of current infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The cobas® Liat® and cepheid® GeneXpert® systems are two rapid real-time RT-PCR platforms offering rapid, specimen-to-answer detection of SARS-CoV-2.Research design and methods: In this study, we compared the performance of these two systems on SARS-CoV-2 detection in 9 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and 70 posterior oropharyngeal saliva specimens collected from 79 patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection between August 2020 and March 2021.Results: The Positive Percent Agreement (PPA), Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) and overall Percent Agreement (OPA) between cepheid® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay and cobas® Liat® SARS-CoV-2 &amp; Influenza A/B assay were found to be 100%. We demonstrated an excellent overall test concordance of the Liat® SARS-CoV-2 &amp; Influenza A/B assay and Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay. The small sample size of SARS-CoV-2 positive and weak-positive specimens is the inherent limitation of this study.Conclusions: The performance of the cobas® Liat® SARS-CoV-2 &amp; Influenza A/B assay is equivalent to the cepheid® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection using NPS and posterior oropharyngeal saliva.</text>
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                <text>10.1080/14737159.2021.1919513</text>
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                <text>Expert review of molecular diagnostics</text>
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                <text>Laxmi Parida, Takahiko Koyama, Jane L. Snowdon, Dilhan Weeraratne</text>
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                <text>New coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) treatments and vaccines are under development to combat COVID-19. Several approaches are being used by scientists for investigation, including (1) various small molecule approaches targeting RNA polymerase, 3C-like protease, and RNA endonuclease; and (2) exploration of antibodies obtained from convalescent plasma from patients who have recovered from COVID-19. The coronavirus genome is highly prone to mutations that lead to genetic drift and escape from immune recognition; thus, it is imperative that sub-strains with different mutations are also accounted for during vaccine development. As the disease has grown to become a pandemic, B-cell and T-cell epitopes predicted from SARS coronavirus have been reported. Using the epitope information along with variants of the virus, we have found several variants which might cause drifts. Among such variants, 23403A&gt;G variant (p.D614G) in spike protein B-cell epitope is observed frequently in European countries, such as the Netherlands, Switzerland, and France, but seldom observed in China.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050324</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82233">
                <text>LaxmiTej Wundavalli, Sheetal Singh, Angel Rajan Singh, Sidhartha Satpathy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82234">
                <text>Introduction Effective implementation of standard precautions specific to COVID-19 is a challenge for hospitals within the existing constraints of time and resources.Aim To rapidly design and operationalise personal protective equipment (PPE) donning and doffing areas required for a COVID-19 care facility.Methods Literature review was done to identify all issues pertaining to donning and doffing in terms of Donabedian’s structure, process and outcome. Training on donning and doffing was given to hospital staff. Donning and doffing mock drills were held. 5S was used as a tool to set up donning and doffing areas. Instances of donning and doffing were observed for protocol deviations and errors. Plan–do–study–act cycles were conducted every alternate day for 4 weeks. The initiative was reported using Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) guidelines.Results Best practices in donning and doffing were described. Our study recommends a minimum area of 16 m2 each for donning and doffing rooms. Verbally assisted doffing was found most useful than visual prompts.Discussion Challenges included sustaining the structure and process of donning and doffing, varied supplies of PPE which altered sequencing of donning and/or doffing, and training non-healthcare workers such as plumbers, electricians and drivers who were required during emergencies in the facility.Conclusion Our study used evidence-based literature and quality improvement (QI) tools to design and operationalise donning and doffing areas with focus on people, task and environment. Our QI will enable healthcare facilities to rapidly prototype donning and doffing areas in a systematic way.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82235">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82236">
                <text>10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001022</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82237">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82238">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82239">
                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
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  </item>
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