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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Extrathoracic manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and presentation of the disease in children.</text>
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                <text>J M Plasencia-Martínez, À Rovira, P Caro Domínguez, I Barber, E García-Garrigós, J J Arenas-Jiménez</text>
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                <text>In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); epidemic conditions continue in nearly all countries today. Although the symptoms and imaging manifestations of COVID-19 predominantly involve the respiratory system, it is fundamental to know the manifestations of the disease and its possible complications in other organs to help in diagnosis and orient the prognosis. To improve the diagnostic process without increasing the risk of contagion unnecessarily, it is crucial to know when extrathoracic imaging tests are indicated and which tests are best in each situation. This paper aims to provide answers to these questions. To this end, we describe and illustrate the extrathoracic imaging manifestations of COVID-19 in adults as well as the entire spectrum of imaging findings in children.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, computed tomography, X-rays, Diagnostic Imaging, tomografía computarizada, Diagnóstico por imagen, Rayos X</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.rx.2021.03.005</text>
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                <text>Radiologia</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Role of von Willebrand Factor in COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy.</text>
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                <text>Zhen W Mei, Xander M R van Wijk, Huy P Pham, Maximo J Marin</text>
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                <text>COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) can present with symptoms ranging from none to severe. Thrombotic events occur in a significant number of patients with COVID-19, especially in critically ill patients. This apparent novel form of coagulopathy is termed COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and endothelial derived von Willebrand factor (vWF) may play an important role in its pathogenesis. vWF is a multimeric glycoprotein molecule that is involved in inflammation, primary and secondary hemostasis. Studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 have significantly elevated levels of vWF antigen and activity, likely contributing to an increased risk of thrombosis seen in CAC. The high levels of both vWF antigen and activity have been clinically correlated with worse outcomes. Furthermore, the severity of a COVID-19 infection appears to reduce molecules that regulate vWF level and activity such as ADAMT-13 and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Finally, studies have suggested that patients with blood group O (a blood group with lower than baseline levels of vWF) have a lower risk of infection and disease severity compared to other blood groups; however, more studies are needed to elucidate the role of vWF. CAC is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction with the release of pro-thrombotic factors, such as vWF, needs further examination as a possible important component in the pathogenesis CAC.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Thrombosis, coagulopathy, VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR, Endothelial injury</text>
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                <text>10.1093/jalm/jfab042</text>
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                <text>The journal of applied laboratory medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Potential for online crowdsourced biological recording data to complement surveillance for arthropod vectors.</text>
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                <text>Benjamin Cull</text>
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                <text>Voluntary contributions by citizen scientists can gather large datasets covering wide geographical areas, and are increasingly utilized by researchers for multiple applications, including arthropod vector surveillance. Online platforms such as iNaturalist accumulate crowdsourced biological observations from around the world and these data could also be useful for monitoring vectors. The aim of this study was to explore the availability of observations of important vector taxa on the iNaturalist platform and examine the utility of these data to complement existing vector surveillance activities. Of ten vector taxa investigated, records were most numerous for mosquitoes (Culicidae; 23,018 records, 222 species) and ticks (Ixodida; 16,214 records, 87 species), with most data from 2019-2020. Case studies were performed to assess whether images associated with records were of sufficient quality to identify species and compare iNaturalist observations of vector species to the known situation at the state, national and regional level based on existing published data. Firstly, tick data collected at the national (United Kingdom) or state (Minnesota, USA) level were sufficient to determine seasonal occurrence and distribution patterns of important tick species, and were able to corroborate and complement known trends in tick distribution. Importantly, tick species with expanding distributions (Haemaphysalis punctata in the UK, and Amblyomma americanum in Minnesota) were also detected. Secondly, using iNaturalist data to monitor expanding tick species in Europe (Hyalomma spp.) and the USA (Haemaphysalis longicornis), and invasive Aedes mosquitoes in Europe, showed potential for tracking these species within their known range as well as identifying possible areas of expansion. Despite known limitations associated with crowdsourced data, this study shows that iNaturalist can be a valuable source of information on vector distribution and seasonality that could be used to supplement existing vector surveillance data, especially at a time when many surveillance programs may have been interrupted by COVID-19 restrictions.</text>
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                <text>10.1371/journal.pone.0250382</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Using control charts to understand community variation in COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Moira Inkelas, Cheríe Blair, Daisuke Furukawa, Vladimir G Manuel, Jason H Malenfant, Emily Martin, Iheanacho Emeruwa, Tony Kuo, Lisa Arangua, Brenda Robles, Lloyd P Provost</text>
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                <text>Decision-makers need signals for action as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic progresses. Our aim was to demonstrate a novel use of statistical process control to provide timely and interpretable displays of COVID-19 data that inform local mitigation and containment strategies. Healthcare and other industries use statistical process control to study variation and disaggregate data for purposes of understanding behavior of processes and systems and intervening on them. We developed control charts at the county and city/neighborhood level within one state (California) to illustrate their potential value for decision-makers. We found that COVID-19 rates vary by region and subregion, with periods of exponential and non-exponential growth and decline. Such disaggregation provides granularity that decision-makers can use to respond to the pandemic. The annotated time series presentation connects events and policies with observed data that may help mobilize and direct the actions of residents and other stakeholders. Policy-makers and communities require access to relevant, accurate data to respond to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Control charts could prove valuable given their potential ease of use and interpretability in real-time decision-making and for communication about the pandemic at a meaningful level for communities.</text>
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                <text>10.1371/journal.pone.0248500</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Motor demyelinating tibial neuropathy in COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Cristina Daia, Cristian Scheau, Gelu Onose, Corneliu Toader</text>
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                <text>Ten patients suffering from residual symptoms after the resolution of COVID-19, which manifested as fatigue in the lower limbs, have been submitted to nerve conduction studies. Motor demyelinating neuropathy features mainly of the tibial nerves but also the peroneal, median, and ulnar nerves were objectified. These findings might be considered as new neurological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, electrophysiology, Motor demyelinating neuropathy, Nerve conduction study</text>
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                <text>Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus Disease 2019 is predominantly a disorder of the respiratory system, but neurological complications have been recognised since early in the pandemic. The major pathophysiological processes leading to neurological damage in COVID-19 are cerebrovascular disease, immunologically mediated neurological disorders and the detrimental effects of critical illness on the nervous system. It is still unclear whether direct invasion of the nervous system by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 occurs; given the vast numbers of people infected at this point, this uncertainty suggests that nervous system infection is unlikely to represent a significant issue if it occurs at all. In this review, we explore what has been learnt about the neurological complications of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic, and by which mechanisms these complications most commonly occur.</text>
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                <text>Kirk Hofman, Gautam N Shenoy, Vincent Chak, Sathy V Balu-Iyer</text>
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                <text>COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in December 2019 and has since morphed into a global pandemic claiming over 2.4 million human lives and severely impacting global economy. The race for a safe and efficacious vaccine was thus initiated with government agencies as well as major pharmaceutical companies as frontrunners. An ideal vaccine would activate multiple arms of the adaptive immune system to generate cytotoxic T cell responses as well as neutralizing antibody responses, while avoiding pathological or deleterious immune responses that result in tissue damage or exacerbation of the disease. Developing an effective vaccine requires an inter-disciplinary effort involving virology, protein biology, biotechnology, immunology and pharmaceutical sciences. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the pathology and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which are fundamental to vaccine development. We then summarize the rationale for developing COVID-19 vaccines and provide novel insights into vaccine development from a pharmaceutical science perspective, such as selection of different antigens, adjuvants, delivery platforms and formulations. Finally, we review multiple clinical trial outcomes of novel vaccines in terms of safety and efficacy.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>10.1080/08820139.2021.1904977</text>
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                <text>Immunological investigations</text>
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                <text>Socioeconomic Factors Associated With an Intention to Work While Sick From COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Carla Tilchin, Lauren Dayton, Carl A Latkin</text>
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                <text>We sought to understand barriers to staying home from work when sick from COVID-19 (COVID-19 presenteeism) to understand COVID-19 health disparities and transmission and guide workplace and social policy. We used logistic regression models to assess which socioeconomic factors were associated with intended COVID-19 presenteeism among an online study population working outside their home in March 2020 (N = 220). Overall, 34.5% of participants reported intended COVID-19 presenteeism. Younger individuals and individuals making over $90,000 per year were less likely to report COVID-19 presenteeism. Individuals who were worried about having enough food had 3-fold higher odds of intended COVID-19 presenteeism. Current policies around food access, paid sick leave, and other workplace protections need to be expanded and made more accessible to reduce health disparities as well as the transmission of COVID-19 and other infections.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="79990">
                <text>Journal of occupational and environmental medicine</text>
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  <item itemId="9596" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>No country or continent is on its own in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="79980">
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Vaccination, COVID-19 vaccines, equity, evidence-based decision-making</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.17.2100430</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin</text>
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                <text>Regional differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food sufficiency in California, April-July 2020: implications for food programmes and policies.</text>
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                <text>Evelyn Blumenberg, Miriam Pinski, Lilly A Nhan, May C Wang</text>
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                <text>To evaluate regional differences in factors associated with food insufficiency during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic among three major metropolitan regions in California, a state with historically low participation rates in the Supplementation Nutrition Assistance Program, the nation's largest food assistance programme. Analysis of cross-sectional data from phase 1 (23 April-21 July 2020) of the US Census Household Pulse Survey, a weekly national online survey. California, and three Californian metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), including San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA. Adults aged 18 years and older living in households. Among the three metropolitan areas, food insufficiency rates were lowest in the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley MSA. Measures of disadvantage (e.g., having low-income, being unemployed, recent loss of employment income and pre-pandemic food insufficiency) were widely associated with household food insufficiency. However, disadvantaged households in the San Francisco Bay Area, the area with the lowest poverty and unemployment rates, were more likely to be food insufficient compared with those in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA. Food insufficiency risk among disadvantaged households differed by region. To be effective, governmental response to food insufficiency must address the varied local circumstances that contribute to these disparities.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, health disparities, food policy, Food Insufficiency</text>
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                <text>10.1017/S1368980021001889</text>
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