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                <text>An essential effect of environmental stiffness on biological processes in cells at present is generally accepted. An increase in arterial stiffness with advanced age has been reported in many publications. The aim of the present review is to summarize current information about possible chemical reactions and physical processes that lead to tissue stiffening and result in age-related diseases in order to find methods that can prevent or retard time-dependent tissue stiffening. The analysis of published data shows that bound water acts as a plasticizer of biological tissues, a decrease in bound water content results in an increase in biological tissue stiffness, and increased tissue stiffness leads to NF-kB activation and triggered actin polymerization—NF-kB activation is associated with age-related diseases. It can be suggested that changes in bound water content through changing tissue stiffness can affect cellular processes and the development of pathologies related to aging. Both age-related diseases and COVID-19 may be associated with tight-junction disruption and increased tissue stiffness and permeability.</text>
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                <text>stiffness, Hydration, bound water, age-related diseases</text>
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                <text>Faiz Ul haq, Muhammad Usman Khan, Ayesha Muazzam, Hajrah Farooq, Javeria Iqbal, Muhammad Imran, Rabia Bashir, Sania Ahmad, Sara Arif</text>
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                <text>In December 2019, an increasing number of cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that were linked to seafood wholesale market have identified in Wuhan, China. Taxonomist declared 2019-nCoV as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease termed as COVID-19. Importantly, there is no approved drugs or vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Current review is related to address treatment option for COVID-19. Interferon-β have shown significant activity against previous outbreak of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Faced with an ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 and lack of effective treatment options, identifying compounds with antiviral activity has become a high priority. Efficacy of these treatments is still unclear. Therefore, final analysis is important to develop better treatment strategies for ongoing pandemic.</text>
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                <text>Geriatric Care</text>
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                <text>Pulmonary Thromboembolism as a Potential Cause of Clinical Deterioration in COVID-19 Patients; a Commentary</text>
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                <text>Although the findings of some studies have been indicative of the direct relationship between the severity of clinical findings and imaging, reports have been published regarding inconsistency of clinical findings with imaging and laboratory evidence. Physicians treating these patients frequently report cases in which patients, sometimes in the recovery phase and despite improvements in imaging indices, suddenly deteriorate and in some instances suddenly expire. This letter aimed to draw attention to the role of pulmonary thromboembolism as a potential and possible cause of clinical deterioration in covid-19 patients.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, clinical deterioration, Platelet aggregation inhibitors, computed tomography angiography, Embolism and thrombosis</text>
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                <text>Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid</text>
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                <text>Martin Wolkewitz,1 Jerome Lambert,1 Maja von Cube,1 Lars Bugiera,1 Marlon Grodd,1 Derek Hazard,1 Nicole White,2 Adrian Barnett,2 Klaus Kaier1 1Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 2School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaCorrespondence: Klaus KaierInstitute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyEmail kaier@imbi.uni-freiburg.deAbstract: By definition, in-hospital patient data are restricted to the time between hospital admission and discharge (alive or dead). For hospitalised cases of COVID-19, a number of events during hospitalization are of interest regarding the influence of risk factors on the likelihood of experiencing these events. The same is true for predicting times from hospital admission of COVID-19 patients to intensive care or from start of ventilation (invasive or non-invasive) to extubation. This logical restriction of the data to the period of hospitalisation is associated with a substantial risk that inappropriate methods are used for analysis. Here, we briefly discuss the most common types of bias which can occur when analysing in-hospital COVID-19 data.Keywords: competing risk bias, immortal-time bias, competing events, time-dependent bias, time-varying exposure, time-to-event analysis</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many aspects of personal and professional development, outlining different unprecedented behavioural changes among diverse age population, worldwide. In the context of the lockdown restrictions, the aim of the present study was to explore the extent to which emergency states and higher institutions closure affected academic engagement among studying youth. In this direction, data were collected from 227 undergraduate students (N=227) enrolled in different fields of study in public universities in Romania. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-9S) (Schaufeli et al., 2006) was used to assess Romanian students’ academic involvement in the particular context of remote learning imposed by coronavirus outbreak. An additional open question was introduced in the present study, to analyse personal experiences and activities undertaken by students during the stay-at-home period. The main findings of our research were discussed in relation with students’ average degree of academic engagement, the psychometric properties assessment, the resilience stories and its effects on students’ mental health and academic involvement. Emphasis was given to a deeper understanding of students’ responsiveness and proactiveness concerning behavioural, cognitive, and emotional engagement in their remote academic learning and nonacademic life.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Romania, students, academic engagement, UWES</text>
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                <text>Thesis</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>AAB College, Pristina</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Social Sciences</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Infectious Diseases Fellows in the United States: Perspectives From the First National Infectious Diseases Fellows Call.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="42191">
                <text>Saman Nematollahi, Victoria J L Konold, David C Gaston, Jessica Howard-Anderson, John L Kiley, Mary C Masters, Michael T Melia, Gayle P Balba, Augusto Dulanto Chiang, Nupur Gupta</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many providers, but its impact on Infectious Diseases (ID) fellows in the United States is largely undescribed. In this study, we discuss key issues that emerged from the first national ID Fellows Call with respect to the ID fellow's role during the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching/learning, and research.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Pandemic, post-graduate medical education, ID fellowship training</text>
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                <text>10.1093/ofid/ofab021</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Open forum infectious diseases</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Pan-Echinocandin-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Candida glabrata&lt;/i&gt; Bloodstream Infection Complicating COVID-19: A Fatal Case Report</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="42182">
                <text>Giulia  De Angelis, Brunella Posteraro, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Massimo Fantoni, Riccardo Torelli, Antonietta Vella, Paolo  Maria Leone, Elena De Carolis, Giulio Ventura</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Coinfections with bacteria or fungi may be a frequent complication of COVID-19, but coinfections with Candida species in COVID-19 patients remain rare. We report the 53-day clinical course of a complicated type-2 diabetes patient diagnosed with COVID-19, who developed bloodstream infections initially due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, secondly due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, and lastly due to a possibly fatal Candida glabrata. The development of FKS-associated pan-echinocandin resistance in the C. glabrata isolated from the patient after 13 days of caspofungin treatment aggravated the situation. The patient died of septic shock shortly before the prospect of receiving potentially effective antifungal therapy. This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and monitoring for antimicrobial drug-resistant coinfections to reduce their unfavorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2, diabetes, Co-infection, Bloodstream infection, &lt;i&gt;Candida glabrata&lt;/i&gt;, echinocandin resistance</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.3390/jof6030163</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Biology (General)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Triage of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Application of the D50 Model</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="42173">
                <text>Otto W. Witte, Robert Steinbach, Tino Prell, Nayana Gaur, Beatrice Stubendorff, Annekathrin Roediger, Benjamin Ilse, Julian Grosskreutz</text>
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                <text>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neuromuscular disease, the management of which requires the continuous provision of multidisciplinary therapies. Owing to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, regular contact with ALS patients at our center was severely restricted and patient care was at risk by delay of supportive therapies. We established a triage system based on the D50 disease progression model and were thus able to identify a prospective cohort with high disease aggressiveness (D50 &lt; 30). Thirty-seven patients with highly aggressive disease were actively offered follow-up, either via telephone or on-site, depending on their disease-specific needs and abilities. We describe here the procedures, obstacles, and results of these prescient efforts during the restrictions caused by COVID-19 in the period between March and June 2020. In conclusion, four patients with highly aggressive disease were initiated with non-invasive ventilation and two received a gastrostomy. We could show that a comparable amount of advanced care was induced in a retrospective cohort within a similar time period one year prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. Our workflow to identify high-risk patients via D50 model metrics can be easily implemented and integrated within existing centers. It helped to maintain a high quality of advanced care planning for our ALS patients.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Triage, Disease Progression, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, D50</text>
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                <text>10.3390/jcm9092873</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A Spatial-Temporal Model for the Evolution of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain Including Mobility</text>
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                <text>Pep Mulet, Francesc Aràndiga, Antonio Baeza, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, Rosa Donat, M.  Carmen Martí, Dionisio  F. Yáñez</text>
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                <text>In this work, a model for the simulation of infectious disease outbreaks including mobility data is presented. The model is based on the SAIR compartmental model and includes mobility data terms that model the flow of people between different regions. The aim of the model is to analyze the influence of mobility on the evolution of a disease after a lockdown period and to study the appearance of small epidemic outbreaks due to the so-called imported cases. We apply the model to the simulation of the COVID-19 in the various areas of Spain, for which the authorities made available mobility data based on the position of cell phones. We also introduce a method for the estimation of incomplete mobility data. Some numerical experiments show the importance of data completion and indicate that the model is able to qualitatively simulate the spread tendencies of small outbreaks. This work was motivated by an open call made to the mathematical community in Spain to help predict the spread of the epidemic.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, lockdown, mobility, Epidemic model, spatial-temporal SAIR model, outbreak spread</text>
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                <text>10.3390/math8101677</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Mathematics</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="42154">
                <text>Cultivating community resilience</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="42155">
                <text>Alice Ammerman, Angel Cruz, Nancy Creamer, Barry Nash, Ethan Phillips, Martha Przysucha, Amanda Hege</text>
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                <text>Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the North Carolina Local Food Council has strengthened its role as a cohesive and effective organization during a public-health crisis to share challenges, devise solutions, and build resilience across local food systems in North Carolina. The Council includes repre­­sentatives from 21 organizations working across the state, as well as three representatives from regional local food councils. The Council’s response to the pandemic addressed three key areas of action: (1) Coordinate responses across multiple sectors; (2) Enhance collaboration across the food-supply chain; and (3) Facilitate data collection and public messaging. This paper describes the positive impacts the Council has had across North Carolina on consumers and producers of local food as a result of this collaborative network and long-established relationships across the state. Now, more than ever, the relationships and collaborative efforts of statewide organizations and partners are needed. The Council’s crisis response has been strong because of the long-standing relationships of its members and its ability to share resources quickly, allowing it to work toward coordinated responses. The work of the North Carolina Local Food Council can serve as a model for other states that have state-level local food coun­cils or want to develop them. In addition, the Council’s work demonstrates how collaborations among statewide partners can foster resilience within local food systems, particularly during a public health crisis.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>covid-19, Pandemic, food system, local food, Food Council, food policy council</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="42159">
                <text>10.5304/jafscd.2021.102.010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="42160">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="42161">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="42162">
                <text>Agriculture, Environmental sciences, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Technology, Social Sciences, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Recreation. Leisure, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, Regional planning, Communities. Classes. Races, Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Home economics</text>
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