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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Social Transmission of Corona Virus: An overview</text>
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                <text>Somadatta  Das, Angurbala Mishra, Subhasmita  Biswal, Rabindra Nath Padhy, Bibhuti Bhusan  Pradhan</text>
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                <text>Corona virus (COVID19) causes an infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, with terminating illness of failure of lungs. Being a viral disease, no ensconced drug for control is known and it is picked up by a new host the man as droplets in air released by a patient. The virus has been detected in 215 countries and World Health Organization (WHO) declared as an epidemic and pandemic. The common structures of social contact critically determine the spread of the infection from a patient; in the dearth of vaccines, the control of the virus has been its prevention of spread through systematic ‘social distancing measures’. Furthermore, the use of cotton facemask in public places and while dealing with one has been the robust method of prevention of spread of the virus from sneezing or talking with anyone. It was seen from January to April 2020 counties followed social distancing procedures without touching; hand-shaking or hugging with any one had least number of COVID19 affected persons. Hand washing with soap-water frequently to ward off any viral contamination obtained from touches of fomite or furniture etc., is rigorously followed, city disinfection with bleaching water has been additional practice in societies to abate infection from spits from patients in the common spaces. Moreover, the described types of social distancing framework adopted by some countries without additional measures prevented super-infection of the virus in societies. Finally, the findings have important implications for the policymaking to be adopted globally as well as, individual-scale preventive methods.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Pandemic, social distancing, social transmission</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>The Utility of Anti-Covid-19 Desks in Italy, Doubts and Criticism</text>
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                <text>Giuseppe Musumeci, Marco Bergamin</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>As of the 14th of September, Italy has been considered one of the more susceptible nations in terms of risk of increase for Sars-Cov-2 contagion [...]</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>n/a</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.3390/jfmk6010002</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Diseases of the musculoskeletal system</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Statistical design of Phase II/III clinical trials for testing therapeutic interventions in COVID-19 patients</text>
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                <text>Shesh N. Rai, Chen Qian, Jianmin Pan, Anand Seth, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Aruni Bhatnagar</text>
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                <text>Abstract Background Because of unknown features of the COVID-19 and the complexity of the population affected, standard clinical trial designs on treatments may not be optimal in such patients. We propose two independent clinical trials designs based on careful grouping of patient and outcome measures. Methods Using the World Health Organization ordinal scale on patient status, we classify treatable patients (Stages 3–7) into two risk groups. Patients in Stages 3, 4 and 5 are categorized as the intermediate-risk group, while patients in Stages 6 and 7 are categorized as the high-risk group. To ensure that an intervention, if deemed efficacious, is promptly made available to vulnerable patients, we propose a group sequential design incorporating four factors stratification, two interim analyses, and a toxicity monitoring rule for the intermediate-risk group. The primary response variable (binary variable) is based on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital by the 15th day. The goal is to detect a significant improvement in this response rate. For the high-risk group, we propose a group sequential design incorporating three factors stratification, and two interim analyses, with no toxicity monitoring. The primary response variable for this design is 30 day mortality, with the goal of detecting a meaningful reduction in mortality rate. Results Required sample size and toxicity boundaries are calculated for each scenario. Sample size requirements for designs with interim analyses are marginally greater than ones without. In addition, for both the intermediate-risk group and the high-risk group, the required sample size with two interim analyses is almost identical to analyses with just one interim analysis. Conclusions We recommend using a binary outcome with composite endpoints for patients in Stage 3, 4 or 5 with a power of 90% to detect an improvement of 20% in the response rate, and a 30 day mortality rate outcome for those in Stage 6 or 7 with a power of 90% to detect 15% (effect size) reduction in mortality rate. For the intermediate-risk group, two interim analyses for efficacy evaluation along with toxicity monitoring are encouraged. For the high-risk group, two interim analyses without toxicity monitoring is advised.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>intubation, covid-19, Hospitalization, Efficacy, composite outcomes, interim analysis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="41171">
                <text>10.1186/s12874-020-01101-z</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Drugs Used to Control COVID-19 and their Effects on the Renin-Angiotensin System and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2</text>
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                <text>Fakhreddin Jamali, Hamed Gilzad-Kohan</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 infection is associated with systemic inflammation, and sometimes hyperinflammatory responses with cytokine storm. This plays a major role in COVID-19 severity and poor disease prognosis, even death. Higher levels of inflammatory hallmarks including C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimers, and cytokines such as interleukin (IL) -6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) have been reported. Many anti-viral drugs have been tried, but none were proven fully effective. Supportive care and management of the complications that are caused mainly by inflammation might be the key to greater survival rates and shorter hospitalization (e.g., the use of remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, umifenovir (arbidol), oseltamivir, ganciclovir, favipiravir, darunavir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, colchicine, azithromycin, anakinra, canakinumab, tocilizumab, siltuximab, sarilumab, Type 1 interferon, interferon β-1a, interferon α-2b, baricitinib, ruxolitinib, fedratinib, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone). However, the efficacy of these treatments still needs well-planned clinical trials. In such trials, careful attention must be paid to the duration of the treatment, the onset of beneficial effects, and the severity of the disease, otherwise, the outcomes may still remain inconclusive. Herein, we present a review of the current drugs, which are being used in the management of the disease and their anti-inflammatory properties. We also investigated if these drugs directly interact with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE 2), which is a crucial component of the virus entry to the cells.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>10.18433/jpps31346</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Pharmacy and materia medica</text>
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                <text>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Outbreak Related to a Nightclub, Germany, 2020</text>
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                <text>We report an outbreak of coronavirus disease with 74 cases related to a nightclub in Germany in March 2020. Staff members were particularly affected (attack rate 56%) and likely caused sustained viral transmission after an event at the club. This outbreak illustrates the potential for superspreader events and corroborates current club closures.</text>
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                <text>Emily Brigham, Jacqueline O'Toole, Soo Yeon Kim, Michael Friedman, Laura Daly, Adam Kaplin, Meghan Swarthout, Brian Hasselfeld, Melissa Lantz-Garnish, Tracy Vannorsdall, Anna Agranovich, Sarath Raju, Ann Parker</text>
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                <text>The American journal of medicine</text>
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                <text>Elin Hoffmann Dahl, Knut Anders Mosevoll, Dana Cramariuc, Christian Alexander Vedeler, Bjørn Blomberg</text>
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                <text>Here we present the case of a 37-year-old previously healthy man who developed fever, headache and a unilateral, painful neck swelling while working offshore. He had no known contact with anyone with COVID-19; however, due to the ongoing pandemic, a nasopharyngeal swab was performed, which was positive for the virus. After transfer to hospital for assessment his condition rapidly deteriorated, requiring admission to intensive care for COVID-19 myocarditis. One week after discharge he re-presented with unilateral facial nerve palsy. Our case highlights an atypical presentation of COVID-19 and the multifaceted clinical course of this still poorly understood disease.</text>
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                <text>infectious diseases, neurology, Cardiovascular medicine</text>
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                <text>10.1136/bcr-2020-240095</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>BMJ case reports</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>COVID-19 stigmatization: A devil and a deep blue sea</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Kehinde K. Kanmodi, Precious A. Kanmodi</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>coronavirus, Public health, Global Health, covid-19, Stigma, stigmatization</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="41133">
                <text>10.18332/popmed/121098</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="41134">
                <text>Biotemas</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="41135">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="41120">
                <text>The Use of Technology in Quarantine: A Way to Maintain and Promote Physical Health</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="41121">
                <text>Rahman Sheikhhoseini, Parisa Sayyadi, Hashem Piri</text>
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                <text>Background: Along with the outbreak of coronavirus and quarantine practices in many countries, physical activities have certainly been severely restricted. The purpose of this review was to investigate the role of technology in maintaining and improving physical health. Method: For this systematic review study, the research method in this study included searching on PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles written in English and Persian in peer reviewed journals that examining the effect of electronic games and virtual reality on physical fitness were selected for analysis. Then, the eligible studies classifieds based on the study population ages. Results: Of 12563 studies found, 14 studies were eligible to enter the study. Research has shown that the use of technology significantly affect gait, balance, strength, flexibility, and mental functioning of the elderly, as well as balance, strength, endurance, and cognitive abilities in adults and children's physical endurance. Conclusions: According to studies under review, the use of technology has a significant effect on improving and maintaining the physical and mental fitness of people in different ages. So, we can suggest using exergame and virtual reality exercises as a possible intervention to promote and maintain physical and mental fitness in quarantine.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>exergames physical fitness  covid-19  technology  quarantine</text>
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                <text>10.22054/NASS.2020.53039.1062</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Sports</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Unilateral orbital emphysema in a COVID-19 patient</text>
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                <text>Deepsekhar Das, Zakia Anwer, Neha Kumari, Stuti Gupta</text>
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                <text>10.4103/ijo.IJO_2385_20</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Ophthalmology</text>
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