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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiation Oncology and Cancer Care: A Perspective from the Cancer Belt Region of India</text>
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                <text>Rohit Mahajan, Sapna Marcus</text>
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                <text>A pandemic coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes a respiratory illness called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is often severe or life threatening. Considering the low immunity status of cancer patients due to multimodality treatment, they seem to be more prone to COVID-19. Given the rapidity with which the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading, we can expect an increased burden of cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at oncology treatment clinics and a need to address the issues associated. As of the date of this writing, United States has been witnessing an increase in confirmed cases, not far behind are the large outbreaks of European countries. Patients with cancer may have compromised immunity due to their disease or its ongoing treatment, and early reports suggest cancer is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Since the outbreak in Wuhan, Chinese researchers have published on their experience with COVID-19 and have highlighted high-risk groups, including the elderly and patients with comorbidities, including cancer. In one of the largest series reported from Wuhan, elderly patients were at a higher risk for disease severity with an 8.0% case fatality rate in those aged between 70 and 79 years, and 14.8% in those aged 80 years and older. The case fatality rate for cancer patients in that cohort was notably higher than noncancer patients at 5.6 versus 2.1% in the whole sample. This review focuses on the pandemic-driven strategies that need to be adopted to overcome the radiation oncology clinics burden, especially in this region of India popularly termed as the cancer belt. Although colleagues around the world have dealt with enormous service pressures in the face of natural disaster or infection previously, the global scale and challenge of COVID-19 are unprecedented. Our aim is to highlight the quintessential point that even within these circumstances the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer should not be taken lightly. Departmental protocols should be regularly upgraded to provide smooth and efficient functioning of the department.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Radiation oncology, COVID-19, cancer belt</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713960</text>
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                <text>Asian Journal of Oncology</text>
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                <text>Thieme Publishers</text>
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                <text>Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Sustainable Smartphone-Based Healthcare Systems: A Systems Engineering Approach to Assess the Efficacy of Respiratory Monitoring Apps</text>
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                <text>Miad Faezipour, Misagh Faezipour</text>
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                <text>Recent technological developments along with advances in smart healthcare have been rapidly changing the healthcare industry and improving outcomes for patients. To ensure reliable smartphone-based healthcare interfaces with high levels of efficacy, a system dynamics model with sustainability indicators is proposed. The focus of this paper is smartphone-based breathing monitoring systems that could possibly use breathing sounds as the data acquisition input. This can especially be useful for the self-testing procedure of the ongoing global COVID-19 crisis in which the lungs are attacked and breathing is affected. The method of investigation is based on a systems engineering approach using system dynamics modeling. In this paper, first, a causal model for a smartphone-based respiratory function monitoring is introduced. Then, a systems thinking approach is applied to propose a system dynamics model of the smartphone-based respiratory function monitoring system. The system dynamics model investigates the level of efficacy and sustainability of the system by studying the behavior of various factors of the system including patient wellbeing and care, cost, convenience, user friendliness, in addition to other embedded software and hardware breathing monitoring system design and performance metrics (e.g., accuracy, real-time response, etc.). The sustainability level is also studied through introducing various indicators that directly relate to the three pillars of sustainability. Various scenarios have been applied and tested on the proposed model. The results depict the dynamics of the model for the efficacy and sustainability of smartphone-based breathing monitoring systems. The proposed ideas provide a clear insight to envision sustainable and effective smartphone-based healthcare monitoring systems.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>modeling, sustainability, respiration, system dynamics, Systems Engineering</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/su12125061</text>
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                <text>Sustainability</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Environmental sciences, Renewable energy sources, Environmental effects of industries and plants</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Nanobodies: Prospects of Expanding the Gamut of Neutralizing Antibodies Against the Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2</text>
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                <text>Rocktotpal Konwarh</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>spike protein, neutralizing antibody, nanobodies, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37068">
                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01531</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Immunology</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Biocides and Novel Antimicrobial Agents for the Mitigation of Coronaviruses</text>
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                <text>Charles P. Gerba, Kelly R. Bright, Abhinav Mishra, Laurel Dunn, Govindaraj Dev Kumar, Anna Townsend, Ikechukwu Chukwuma Oguadinma</text>
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                <text>In December, 2019, a highly infectious and rapidly spreading new pneumonia of unknown cause was reported to the Chinese WHO Country Office. A cluster of these cases had appeared in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China. These infections were found to be caused by a new coronavirus which was given the name “2019 novel coronavirus” (2019-nCoV). It was later renamed “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,” or SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on February 11, 2020. It was named SARS-CoV-2 due to its close genetic similarity to the coronavirus which caused the SARS outbreak in 2002 (SARS-CoV-1). The aim of this review is to provide information, primarily to the food industry, regarding a range of biocides effective in eliminating or reducing the presence of coronaviruses from fomites, skin, oral/nasal mucosa, air, and food contact surfaces. As several EPA approved sanitizers against SARS-CoV-2 are commonly used by food processors, these compounds are primarily discussed as much of the industry already has them on site and is familiar with their application and use. Specifically, we focused on the effects of alcohols, povidone iodine, quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), peroxyacetic acid (PAA), chlorine dioxide, ozone, ultraviolet light, metals, and plant-based antimicrobials. This review highlights the differences in the resistance or susceptibility of different strains of coronaviruses, or similar viruses, to these antimicrobial agents.</text>
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                <text>disinfection, Anti-microbial, coronavirus, Biocide, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01351</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Byron Freire-Paspuel, Marilyn Cruz, Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain, Alberto Vélez, Patricio Vega-Mariño, Paulina Castillo, Eliana Elizabeth Gomez-Santos</text>
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                <text>CDC and WHO guidelines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis only recommend synthetic fiber swabs for nasopharyngeal (NP) sampling. We show that cotton-tipped plastic swabs do not inhibit PCR and have equivalent performance to rayon swabs. Cotton-tipped plastic swabs are massively produced worldwide and would prevent swab supply shortages under the current high SARS-CoV-2 testing demands, particularly in developing countries.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Surveillance, Swabs, SARS-CoV-2, cotton swab, rayon swab</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00356</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37052">
                <text>Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Neuromuscular diseases and Covid-19: Advices from scientific societies and early observations in Italy</text>
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                <text>Corrado Angelini, Gabriele Siciliano</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The risk of a severe course of COVID-19 is increased in patients suffering with Neuromuscular disorders (NMD) due to the following comorbidities: muscular weakness of the chest and diaphragm, use of ventilator supports and/or presence of tracheostoma, weak airway clearance, cardiac involvement, rhabdomyolysis, comoribities, steroid and immunosuppressant treatments. NMD display varying levels of disability in people with the same diagnosis, thus it is difficult to give COVID-19 related general recommendations. Present advicess were designed for patients, caregivers, general neurologists and non-specialist medical providers. They address frequently asked questions and basic service requirements and are supported by a series of in-depth references. In this truly unprecedented situation, the clinical management of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 epidemics - taking into account the related difficulties (patients who have suspended ERT, difficulty in contacting the doctors, etc.) - we propose to use a telemedicine device, i.e. the AIGkit application (AIGkit app), promoted and developed in 2018 by Fabrizio Seidita on behalf of the Italian Glycogenosis Association (AIG). The app was born to allow patients with Pompe disease to receive as far as possible continuous monitoring of their health. The support of all colleagues of the Italian Association for Myology (AIM) should extend its use to all NMD patients and beyond.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>neuromuscular disorders, aim, COVID-19, advice from scientific societies, AIGkit application</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37042">
                <text>DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.0.9032</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37043">
                <text>European Journal of Translational Myology</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>PAGEPress Publications</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine, Human anatomy</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37028">
                <text>Immune Response, Inflammation, and the Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37029">
                <text>Luis F. García</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The current COVID-19 pandemic began in December 2019 in Wuhan (China) and rapidly extended to become a global sanitary and economic emergency. Its etiological agent is the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, which ranges from an asymptomatic infection to a severe pneumonia accompanied by multisystemic failure that can lead to a patient's death. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is known to involve all the components of the immune system that together appear responsible for viral elimination and recovery from the infection. Nonetheless, such immune responses are implicated in the disease's progression to a more severe and lethal process. This review describes the general aspects of both COVID-19 and its etiological agent SARS-CoV-2, stressing the similarities with other severe coronavirus infections, such as SARS and MERS, but more importantly, pointing toward the evidence supporting the hypothesis that the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is a consequence of the corresponding variable spectrum of the immune responses to the virus. The critical point where progression of the disease ensues appears to center on loss of the immune regulation between protective and altered responses due to exacerbation of the inflammatory components. Finally, it appears possible to delineate certain major challenges deserving of exhaustive investigation to further understand COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, thus helping to design more effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic strategies.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37031">
                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>cytokines, Antibodies, immune response, T cells, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37033">
                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01441</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37034">
                <text>Frontiers in Immunology</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37035">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37036">
                <text>Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
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  <item itemId="4046" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>The Modulation of Mucosal Antiviral Immunity by Immunobiotics: Could They Offer Any Benefit in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic?</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37020">
                <text>Julio Villena, Haruki Kitazawa</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37021">
                <text>Viral respiratory infections are of major importance because of their capacity to cause of a high degree of morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations, and to rapidly spread between countries. Perhaps the best example of this global threat is the infectious disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has infected more than 4 million people worldwide, causing the death of 287,000 persons according to the WHO's situation report on May 13, 2020. The availability of therapeutic tools that would be used massively to prevent or mitigate the detrimental effects of emerging respiratory viruses on human health is therefore mandatory. In this regard, research from the last decade has reported the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the respiratory immunity. It was conclusively demonstrated how the variations in the intestinal microbiota affect the responses of respiratory epithelial cells and antigen presenting cells against respiratory virus attack. Moreover, the selection of specific microbial strains (immunobiotics) with the ability to modulate immunity in distal mucosal sites made possible the generation of nutritional interventions to strengthen respiratory antiviral defenses. In this article, the most important characteristics of the limited information available regarding the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 virus are revised briefly. In addition, this review summarizes the knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the improvement of respiratory antiviral defenses by beneficial immunobiotic microorganisms such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505. The ability of beneficial microorganisms to enhance type I interferons and antiviral factors in the respiratory tract, stimulate Th1 response and antibodies production, and regulate inflammation and coagulation activation during the course of viral infections reducing tissue damage and preserving lung functionally, clearly indicate the potential of immunobiotics to favorably influence the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 virus.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37022">
                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37023">
                <text>inflammation, coronavirus, beneficial microbes, Respiratory viral infections, immunobiotics</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37024">
                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00699</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37025">
                <text>Frontiers in Physiology</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37026">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37027">
                <text>Physiology</text>
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  <item itemId="4045" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37010">
                <text>Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with COVID-19: General Considerations and Clinical Implications</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37011">
                <text>Neiberg de Alcântara Lima, Eric Martin Sieloff, Pedro Yuri Paiva Lima, Ricardo Lessa de Castro Junior, Stela Maria Vitorino Sampaio</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37012">
                <text>Initially reported in China at the end of 2019, the coronavirus pandemic has now reached an international scale with more than1.5 million cases worldwide and more than 80,000 deaths by April 8th of this year. Recent studies have shown that the virus invades host cells by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, making it essential to viral transmission. Concerns have been raised about possible benefits and harms associated with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptors blockers in these patients. However, there is lack of evidence to recommend even temporarily discontinuing renin-angiotensin system inhibitors/blockers in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2.KEYWORDS:</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37013">
                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37014">
                <text>coronavirus, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, renin–angiotensin system, Pandemics, COVID-19</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37015">
                <text>DOI: https://doi.org/10.24207/jca.v33i1.3367</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37016">
                <text>Journal of Cardiac Arrhythmias</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37017">
                <text>Linceu Editorial</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37018">
                <text>Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Food First: COVID-19 Outbreak and Cities Lockdown a Booster for a Wider Vision on Urban Agriculture</text>
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                <text>Giuseppe Pulighe, Flavio Lupia</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 emergency has revealed the extreme fragility of large cities to unexpected complex global risks and crises. City lockdown has led to increasing awareness of the vital importance of food availability for citizens. The combined effect of border closure and movement restrictions increased food losses and export costs, especially for vegetables and perishable goods exposing non-self-sufficient countries. We claim the idea that urban agriculture in developed countries should be fostered with emerging growing practices and edible green infrastructures, such as vertical farming, hydroponics, aeroponic, aquaponic, and rooftop greenhouses. Notwithstanding the limitations of traditional urban farming activities, innovative and disruptive solutions and short food supply chains of fresh agricultural products might play a positive role in lessening uncertainties from global systemic risks.</text>
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                <text>food security, Food supply, Farming, consumption habits, horticultural products, lockdown</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/su12125012</text>
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                <text>Sustainability</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Environmental sciences, Renewable energy sources, Environmental effects of industries and plants</text>
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