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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 RNA Persistence in Naso-Pharyngeal Swabs</text>
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                <text>Maria Luisa Danzetta, Laura Amato, Francesca Cito, Alessandra  Di Giuseppe, Daniela Morelli, Giovanni Savini, Maria Teresa Mercante, Alessio Lorusso, Ottavio Portanti, Ilaria Puglia, Federica Monaco, Claudia Casaccia, Annapia  Di Gennaro, Lilia Testa, Giacomo Migliorati, Nicola D’Alterio, Paolo Calistri</text>
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                <text>Since February 2020, Italy has been seriously affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To support the National Health Care system, naso-pharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs collected from suspected cases of Teramo province, Abruzzo region, are tested at Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Out of 12,446 tested individuals, 605 returned positive results at least once, with prevalence significantly higher in men. A reduction of the level of viral RNA in the first swabs per each positive patient collected over time was also observed. Moreover, 81 patients had at least one positive sample and two final negative tests: positivity in swabs lasted from 14 to 63 days, with a median value of 30 days. This shows the potential for the virus to coexist with patients for a long time, although we highlighted intermittent positivity in several cases. The evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological situation and knowledge on viral shedding should be closely monitored, to interpret the findings correctly and adjust accordingly the surveillance activities.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, nasopharyngeal swab, qPCR, Abruzzo</text>
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                <text>10.3390/microorganisms8081124</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase as target for antiviral therapy</text>
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                <text>Luigi Buonaguro, Franco M. Buonaguro, Maria Lina Tornesello, Maria Tagliamonte</text>
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                <text>Abstract A new human coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified in several cases of acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China in December 2019. On March 11 2020, WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 infection to be a pandemic, based on the involvement of 169 nations. Specific drugs for SARS-CoV-2 are obviously not available. Currently, drugs originally developed for other viruses or parasites are currently in clinical trials based on empiric data. In the quest of an effective antiviral drug, the most specific target for an RNA virus is the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) which shows significant differences between positive-sense and negative-sense RNA viruses. An accurate evaluation of RdRps from different viruses may guide the development of new drugs or the repositioning of already approved antiviral drugs as treatment of SARS-CoV-2. This can accelerate the containment of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and, hopefully, of future pandemics due to other emerging zoonotic RNA viruses.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02355-3</text>
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                <text>Journal of Translational Medicine</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 screening for asymptomatic health care workers in UK stem cell transplant units.</text>
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                <text>Adrian J C Bloor, Fiona L Dignan, Julia Lee, Kim H Orchard</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>British journal of haematology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 sensitivity limbo - How low can we go?</text>
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                <text>Jason J. LeBlanc, Glenn Patriquin</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.138</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Elsevier</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 serology increases diagnostic accuracy in CT-suspected, PCR-negative COVID-19 patients during pandemic</text>
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                <text>Jochen Schneider, Hrvoje Mijočević, Kurt Ulm, Bernhard Ulm, Simon Weidlich, Silvia Würstle, Kathrin Rothe, Matthias Treiber, Roman Iakoubov, Ulrich Mayr, Tobias Lahmer, Sebastian Rasch, Alexander Herner, Egon Burian, Fabian Lohöfer, Rickmer Braren, Marcus R. Makowski, Roland M. Schmid, Ulrike Protzer, Christoph Spinner, Fabian Geisler</text>
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                <text>Abstract Background In the absence of PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is challenging. Low-dose computed tomography (CT) detects pulmonary infiltrates with high sensitivity, but findings may be non-specific. This study assesses the diagnostic value of SARS-CoV-2 serology for patients with distinct CT features but negative PCR. Methods IgM/IgG chemiluminescent immunoassay was performed for 107 patients with confirmed (group A: PCR + ; CT ±) and 46 patients with suspected (group B: repetitive PCR-; CT +) COVID-19, admitted to a German university hospital during the pandemic’s first wave. A standardized, in-house CT classification of radiological signs of a viral pneumonia was used to assess the probability of COVID-19. Results Seroconversion rates (SR) determined on day 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 after symptom onset (SO) were 8%, 25%, 65%, 76% and 91% for group A, and 0%, 10%, 19%, 37% and 46% for group B, respectively; (p  17d after symptom onset. Conclusions Approximately one-third of patients with distinct COVID-19 CT findings are tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR rendering correct diagnosis difficult. Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 serology testing alongside current CT/PCR-based diagnostic algorithms improves discrimination between COVID-19-related and non-related pulmonary infiltrates in PCR negative patients. However, sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 serology strongly depends on the time of testing and becomes superior to PCR after the 2nd week following symptom onset.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>serology, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, computed tomography, Accuracy, Efficacy</text>
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                <text>10.1186/s12931-021-01717-9</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the respiratory system</text>
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                <text>Kidney medicine</text>
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                <text>Gerhard Dobler, Katharina Müller, Philipp Girl, Michaela Ruhnke, Mareike Spranger, Klaus Kaier, Heiner von Buttlar, Johannes  P. Borde</text>
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                <text>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with a potentially severe clinical manifestation, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and currently poses a worldwide challenge. Health care workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of any health care system and thus especially at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their potentially frequent and close contact with patients suffering from COVID-19. Serum samples from 198 HCWs with direct patient contact of a regional medical center and several outpatient facilities were collected during the early phase of the pandemic (April 2020) and tested for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Commercially available IgA- and IgG-specific ELISAs were used as screening technique, followed by an in-house neutralization assay for confirmation. Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected in seven of 198 (3.5%) tested HCWs. There was no significant difference in seroprevalence between the regional medical center (3.4%) and the outpatient institution (5%). The overall seroprevalence of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in HCWs in both a large regional medical center and a small outpatient institution was low (3.5%) at the beginning of April 2020. The findings may indicate that the timely implemented preventive measures (strict hygiene protocols, personal protective equipment) were effective to protect from transmission of an airborne virus when only limited information on the pathogen was available.</text>
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                <text>seroprevalence, covid-19, Health care personnel, SARS-CoV-2</text>
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                <text>10.3390/ijerph18083910</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Lara J. Akinbami, Nga Vuong, Lyle R. Petersen, Samira Sami, Anita Patel, Susan L. Lukacs, Lisa Mackey, Lisa A. Grohskopf, Amy Shehu, Jenny Atas</text>
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                <text>To estimate seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare, first response, and public safety personnel, antibody testing was conducted in emergency medical service agencies and 27 hospitals in the Detroit, Michigan, USA, metropolitan area during May–June 2020. Of 16,403 participants, 6.9% had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In adjusted analyses, seropositivity was associated with exposure to SARS-CoV-2–positive household members (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.18, 95% CI 4.81–7.93) and working within 15 km of Detroit (aOR 5.60, 95% CI 3.98–7.89). Nurse assistants (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.24–2.83) and nurses (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.18–1.95) had higher likelihood of seropositivity than physicians. Working in a hospital emergency department increased the likelihood of seropositivity (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.002–1.35). Consistently using N95 respirators (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.95) and surgical facemasks (aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–0.98) decreased the likelihood of seropositivity.</text>
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                <text>Personal protective equipment, SARS-CoV-2, hospitals, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Detroit, Emergency responders</text>
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                <text>10.3201/eid2612.203764</text>
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                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
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                <text>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers in a tertiary healthcare network in Victoria, Australia.</text>
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                <text>Jillian Sy Lau, Paul Buntine, Melanie Price, Peteris Darzins, Evan Newnham, Ailie Connell, Roy Chean, Glenn Edwards, Stephen Guy</text>
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                <text>Healthcare workers (HCW) are exposed to an increased risk of COVID-19 through direct contact with patients and patient environments. We calculated the; seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in HCW at Eastern Health, a tertiary healthcare network in Victoria, and assessed associations with demographics, work location and role. A cross-sectional cohort study of HCW at Eastern Health was conducted. Serum was analysed for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, and all participants completed; an online survey collecting information on demographics, place of work, role, and exposures; to COVID-19. Seroprevalence was calculated as the proportion participants with SARS-CoV-2; antibodies out of all tested individuals. The crude seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this study was 2.17% (16/736). Thirteen of the 16 (81.2%) positive cases had previously been diagnosed with COVID-19 by PCR: the seroprevalence in the group not previously diagnosed with COVID by PCR was 0.42% (3/720). Having direct contact with COVID-19 patients did not increase the likelihood of having positive serology. A prior history of symptoms consistent with COVID-19 was associated with a higher likelihood of having positive serology (OR 17.2, p = 0.006, 95%CI: 2.25-131.55). Our calculated seroprevalence of 2.17% is higher than estimated in the general Australian population, but lower than that reported in HCW internationally. The; majority of those with positive serology in our study had previously been diagnosed with COVID-19 by PCR based testing. Seropositivity was not associated with interaction with COVID-19 positive patients, highlighting effective infection prevention and control practices within the workplace.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>seroprevalence, healthcare worker, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.idh.2021.03.004</text>
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                <text>Infection, disease &amp; health</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the Vatican City State.</text>
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                <text>Fabio De-Giorgio, Andrea Arcangeli, Massimo Ralli, Paolo Maurizio Soave, Maria Cristina Voglino</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>seroprevalence, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vatican city state</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.ejim.2021.01.029</text>
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                <text>European journal of internal medicine</text>
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