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                <text>Interferon Regulatory Factor 3-Mediated Signaling Limits Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus Propagation in Cells from an Insectivorous Bat</text>
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                <text>Arinjay Banerjee, Darryl Falzarano, Noreen Rapin, Jocelyne Lew, Vikram Misra</text>
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                <text>Insectivorous bats are speculated to be ancestral hosts of Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV). MERS-CoV causes disease in humans with thirty-five percent fatality, and has evolved proteins that counteract human antiviral responses. Since bats experimentally infected with MERS-CoV do not develop signs of disease, we tested the hypothesis that MERS-CoV would replicate less efficiently in bat cells than in human cells because of its inability to subvert antiviral responses in bat cells. We infected human and bat (Eptesicus fuscus) cells with MERS-CoV and observed that the virus grew to higher titers in human cells. MERS-CoV also effectively suppressed the antiviral interferon beta (IFN&amp;#946;) response in human cells, unlike in bat cells. To determine if IRF3, a critical mediator of the interferon response, also regulated the response in bats, we examined the response of IRF3 to poly(I:C), a synthetic analogue of viral double-stranded RNA. We observed that bat IRF3 responded to poly(I:C) by nuclear translocation and post-translational modifications, hallmarks of IRF3 activation. Suppression of IRF3 by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated that IRF3 was critical for poly(I:C) and MERS-CoV induced induction of IFN&amp;#946; in bat cells. Our study demonstrates that innate antiviral signaling in E. fuscus bat cells is resistant to MERS-CoV-mediated subversion.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/v11020152</text>
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                <text>Arinjay Banerjee, Jalees A. Nasir, Patrick Budylowski, Lily Yip, Patryk Aftanas, Natasha Christie, Ayoob Ghalami, Kaushal Baid, Amogelang R. Raphenya, Jeremy A. Hirota, Matthew S. Miller, Allison J. McGeer, Mario Ostrowski, Robert A. Kozak, Andrew G. McArthur, Karen Mossman, Samira Mubareka</text>
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                <text>Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected ≈6 million persons worldwide. As SARS-CoV-2 spreads across the planet, we explored the range of human cells that can be infected by this virus. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 from 2 infected patients in Toronto, Canada; determined the genomic sequences; and identified single-nucleotide changes in representative populations of our virus stocks. We also tested a wide range of human immune cells for productive infection with SARS-CoV-2. We confirm that human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells are not permissive for SARS-CoV-2. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread globally, it is essential to monitor single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the virus and to continue to isolate circulating viruses to determine viral genotype and phenotype by using in vitro and in vivo infection models.</text>
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                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
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                <text>Bats are speculated to be reservoirs of several emerging viruses including coronaviruses (CoVs) that cause serious disease in humans and agricultural animals. These include CoVs that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and severe acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS). Bats that are naturally infected or experimentally infected do not demonstrate clinical signs of disease. These observations have allowed researchers to speculate that bats are the likely reservoirs or ancestral hosts for several CoVs. In this review, we follow the CoV outbreaks that are speculated to have originated in bats. We review studies that have allowed researchers to identify unique adaptation in bats that may allow them to harbor CoVs without severe disease. We speculate about future studies that are critical to identify how bats can harbor multiple strains of CoVs and factors that enable these viruses to &amp;ldquo;jump&amp;rdquo; from bats to other mammals. We hope that this review will enable readers to identify gaps in knowledge that currently exist and initiate a dialogue amongst bat researchers to share resources to overcome present limitations.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/v11010041</text>
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                <text>Arinjay Banerjee, Michelle L. Baker, Kirsten Kulcsar, Vikram Misra, Raina Plowright, Karen Mossman</text>
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                <text>In recent years, viruses similar to those that cause serious disease in humans and other mammals have been detected in apparently healthy bats. These include filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses that cause severe diseases such as Ebola virus disease, Marburg haemorrhagic fever and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans. The evolution of flight in bats seem to have selected for a unique set of antiviral immune responses that control virus propagation, while limiting self-damaging inflammatory responses. Here, we summarize our current understanding of antiviral immune responses in bats and discuss their ability to co-exist with emerging viruses that cause serious disease in other mammals. We highlight how this knowledge may help us to predict viral spillovers into new hosts and discuss future directions for the field.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>bats (Chiroptera), virus, innate and adaptive immune response, interferon, antiviral, Emerging viruses</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18828">
                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00026</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18829">
                <text>Frontiers in Immunology</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18830">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18831">
                <text>Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18832">
                <text>EN</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Avaliação socioambiental da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pequeno, São José dos Pinhais (PR) / Socio-environmental evaluation of the Pequeno River hydrographic basin, São José dos Pinhais (PR)</text>
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                <text>Ariodari Francisco dos Santos, Luiz Gilberto Bertotti</text>
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                <text>ResumoExiste atualmente uma preocupação com o processo crescente de ocupação humana desordenada na bacia hidrográfica do rio Pequeno e a sua consequente degradação ambiental. Isso vem sendo demonstrado através de alertas e denúncias feitas por diversos segmentos da sociedade, as quais estão, frequentemente, sendo veiculadas pela mídia local e regional. Essa bacia merece atenção especial na medida em que o rio Pequeno desempenha um papel importante na disponibilização de água superficial para São José dos Pinhais na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (PR). Diante desse cenário, faz-se mister investigar as atuais condições ambientais da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pequeno, visando avaliar qualitativamente as implicações ambientais decorrentes das diversas práticas agrícolas desenvolvidas pela agricultura familiar, pelo uso e ocupação do solo na bacia em tela. Na presente pesquisa, buscou-se evidenciar a problemática à luz de uma abordagem teórica que contemple o inter-relacionamento das variáveis ambientais, procurando caracterizar os relacionamentos entre os elementos naturais do meio e a dinâmica de uso e ocupação do solo atual. Constatou-se que esta é uma área ambientalmente frágil e, diante dos diversos usos e ocupação dos solos identificados, essa bacia vem passando por um processo de degradação ambiental acentuada, o que promove a deteorização da qualidade de suas águas, tornando assim, iminente o risco da sua perda como abastecimento público, pois a atividade agrícola na bacia, com o manejo intensivo dos solos, o uso de agroquímicos e a urbanização, geram impactos ambientais, tanto em termos de processos erosivos quanto em riscos de contaminação dos recursos hídricos.AbstractThere is, nowadays, a concern regarding the environmental consequences of the growing process of unordered human settlements at Pequeno River hydrographical basin, in São José dos Pinhais (Parana State, South Brazil). Such concern has been demonstrated in frequent denunciations made by several society groups in local and regional midia. The Pequeno River basin deserves special attention mainly because it plays an important role as a source of superficial water to São José dos Pinhais city, at the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. Provided this scenario, it is essential to determine the present environmental conditions of the Pequeno River basin in order to qualitatively evaluate the environmental implications resulting from the agricultural practices and land use made by the families in that region. The research for this article focused on demonstrating, through a theoretical point of view inter-relating the environmental variables, the linkage between the natural elements and the present land use dynamics. It was found that this basin is an environmentally fragile area that is going through a severe degradation process due to the various uses of land and soil appropriation, generating a poor water quality and increasing the risk of shortage and thus affecting the water supply. The agricultural activities at the basin rely on intensive soil management with chemical control, and combined with the ongoing urbanization, they generate environmental impacts both related to erosive processes and water contamination risks.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2009</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Bacia Hidrográfica, Sistema produtivo, Uso e ocupação do solo, degradação ambiental</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Ambiência</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Editora Unicentro</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Environmental sciences</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://revistas.unicentro.br/index.php/ambiencia/article/view/342/487" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://revistas.unicentro.br/index.php/ambiencia/article/view/342/487&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aplicaciones y retos del sensado remoto hiperespectral en la geología colombiana</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="169403">
                <text>Ariolfo Camacho Velasco, Cesar Augusto Vargas-García, Fernando Antonio Rojas-Morales, Sergio Fernando Castillo-Castelblanco, Henry Arguello-Fuentes</text>
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                <text>El Sensado Remoto (SR) es una técnica que permite captar información de una escena sin entrar en contacto físico con ella, mediante el empleo de sensores ubicados, principalmente, en plataformas aéreas, los cuales captan información en diferentes rangos del espectro electromagnético, incluyendo el visible (VIS), el cercano al infrarrojo (NIR) y el de ondas cortas del infrarrojo (SWIR). Teniendo en cuenta que cada material presente en una escena tiene características espectrales diferentes, es posible, a través del análisis de las firmas espectrales, realizar su identificación o clasificación mediante algoritmos. Las Imágenes Hiperespectrales (HSI) captadas por sensores remotos en cientos de bandas espectrales son de importancia en áreas como la geología, la mineralogía, la agronomía y la ecología, entre otras; sin embargo, el gran volumen de literatura dispersa en diferentes líneas (SR, HSI y geología) dificulta su acceso y análisis. Este trabajo presenta un compendio de conceptos, principios básicos y fundamentos matemáticos del SR, e incluye investigaciones y tendencias de él, destacando su desarrollo y sus retos en Colombia, y un caso de uso de HSI en la geología colombiana, cuyas evaluaciones muestran la capacidad de detección del sensor hiperespectral Hyperion, ubicado en el satélite EO-1, para el mapeo geológico en un sitio de prueba al noroccidente del municipio de Girón, departamento de Santander. Los resultados de las evaluaciones son satisfactorios; espectralmente, el coeficiente de correlación fue alto y la relación espacial entre la firma espectral obtenida y la geología conocida del área fue aceptable y correspondió al análisis de Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) realizado a muestras tomadas del área de estudio.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2015</text>
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                <text>Algoritmos de Detección de Objetivos, Firma espectral, Geologia, Imágenes hiperespectrales, Sensado Remoto</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.19053/01211129.3845</text>
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                <text>Revista Facultad de Ingeniería</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="169409">
                <text>Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://revistas.uptc.edu.co/revistas/index.php/ingenieria/article/view/3845" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://revistas.uptc.edu.co/revistas/index.php/ingenieria/article/view/3845&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>SCS365 Cota: primeira cultivar catarinense de batata desenvolvida para o sistema de cultivo orgânico</text>
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                <text>Arione da Silva Pereira, Luiz Augusto Martins Peruch, Antônio Carlos Ferreira  da Silva, Zilmar da Silva  Souza, Tatiani Alano  Modolon</text>
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                <text>A cultivar de batata SCS365 Cota foi selecionada pela Epagri, a partir de uma população híbrida de 944 genótipos provenientes do programa de melhoramento genético da Embrapa Clima Temperado. Esta cultivar foi avaliada em sistema de cultivo orgânico na Epagri/Estações Experimentais de Urussanga, São Joaquim e Lages, SC, e na Embrapa/Estação Experimental da Cascata, em Pelotas, RS, bem como em propriedades de agricultores do Litoral Sul Catarinense, nos cultivos de outono/inverno, inverno/primavera e primavera/verão. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram bom desempenho da cultivar SCS365 Cota, quando comparada às cultivares mais plantadas no Brasil, em relação à resistência à requeima e ao teor de matéria seca nos tubérculos. A nova cultivar mostrou boa adaptação às diferentes regiões de cultivo, alcançando produtividades que variaram de 10,8 a 18,4t/ha, com alta percentagem de tubérculos graúdos.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>Agricultura orgânica, Solanum tuberosum, aptidão para indústria, doenças fúngicas foliares, melhoramento genético, produtividade</text>
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                <text>Revista Agropecuária Catarinense</text>
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                <text>Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina - Epagri</text>
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                <text>Agriculture (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://publicacoes.epagri.sc.gov.br/RAC/article/view/871" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://publicacoes.epagri.sc.gov.br/RAC/article/view/871&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>IPR CRIS: Cultivar rústica de batata</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Arione S Pereira, Caroline M Castro, Odone Bertoncini, Élcio Hirano, Cesar B. Gomes, Giovani O Silva, Nilceu RX Nazareno, Carlos AB Medeiros, Jocemar F Campos</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="214604">
                <text>Em função de sua rusticidade, a cultivar IPR Cris é recomendada para sistemas de produção agroecológicos e para a agricultura familiar. Todavia, dada a aparência de seus tubérculos ovalados, gemas rasas e película não áspera, também pode ser utilizada em sistemas convencionais de plantio. 'IPR Cris' tem potencial de consumo para vários tipos de preparo, mas não para fritura industrial. Apresenta moderada resistência de campo para a requeima e não tem sido observada suscetibilidade à sarna comum; com potencial produtivo semelhante às cultivares atualmente em produção. Uma característica interessante que desponta na 'IPR Cris' é seu longo período de dormência, que por um lado desfavorece o plantio dos tubérculos semente na safra seguinte, por outro, garante ao pequeno produtor orgânico um período prolongado para comercialização, sem perda de qualidade dos tubérculos.</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Solanum tuberosum, produção orgânica, resistência à requeima</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.1590/S0102-053620150000300022</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Horticultura Brasileira</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="214609">
                <text>Associação Brasileira de Olericultura</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Plant culture</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/hb/v33n3/0102-0536-hb-33-03-00404.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/pdf/hb/v33n3/0102-0536-hb-33-03-00404.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/3e353af98014354e2fb76cb55dd0a666.pdf</src>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="65086">
                <text>Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Electricity System of Great Britain: A Study on Energy Demand, Generation, Pricing and Grid Stability</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="65087">
                <text>Aristides Kiprakis, Desen Kirli, Maximilian Parzen</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65088">
                <text>The outbreak of SARS-COV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) abruptly changed the patterns in electricity consumption, challenging the system operations of forecasting and balancing supply and demand. This is mainly due to the mitigation measures that include lockdown and work from home (WFH), which decreased the aggregated demand and remarkably altered its profile. Here, we characterise these changes with various quantitative markers and compare it with pre-lockdown business-as-usual data using Great Britain (GB) as a case study. The ripple effects on the generation portfolio, system frequency, forecasting accuracy and imbalance pricing are also analysed. An energy data extraction and pre-processing pipeline that can be used in a variety of similar studies is also presented. Analysis of the GB demand data during the March 2020 lockdown indicates that a shift to WFH will result in a net benefit for flexible stakeholders, such as consumers on variable tariffs. Furthermore, the analysis illustrates a need for faster and more frequent balancing actions, as a result of the increased share of renewable energy in the generation mix. This new equilibrium of energy demand and supply will require a redesign of the existing balancing mechanisms as well as the longer-term power system planning strategies.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65089">
                <text>2021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="65090">
                <text>covid-19, demand, Energy, behaviour, Electricity demand, electricity system</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="65091">
                <text>10.3390/en14030635</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="65092">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="65093">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="65094">
                <text>Technology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
