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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Papel de la Unión Europea en las negociaciones de cambio climático</text>
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                <text>Xira Ruiz</text>
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                <text>El artículo analiza la postura de la Unión Europea ante el cambio climático, así como sus principales instrumentos de cooperación medioambiental en el sur del Mediterráneo. Se analizan los compromisos que ha adquirido la Unión en las distintas conferencias de las partes (COPs), su nivel de cumplimiento y su capacidad de liderazgo en el área del cambio climático desde la Cumbre de Río en 1992. También se examinan los principales compromisos adquiridos en las últimas conferencias de las partes y la postura de los actores clave ante la COP de París que se celebrará a finales de 2015. En la última parte, se profundiza en el impacto de iniciativas de cooperación UE-Magreb, como la Unión para el Mediterráneo o el proyecto Clima South.</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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                <text>COP 21 París, Cambio climático, Clima South, Magreb, UNIÓN EUROPEA, Unión para el Mediterrán</text>
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                <text>Revista UNISCI</text>
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                <text>International relations</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.unisci.es/papel-de-la-union-europea-en-las-negociaciones-de-cambio-climatico/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.unisci.es/papel-de-la-union-europea-en-las-negociaciones-de-cambio-climatico/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 spike protein dictates syncytium-mediated lymphocyte elimination.</text>
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                <text>Xiuwu Bian, Zhengrong Zhang, You Zheng, Zubiao Niu, Bo Zhang, Chenxi Wang, Xiaohong Yao, Haoran Peng, Del Nonno Franca, Yunyun Wang, Yichao Zhu, Yan Su, Meng Tang, Xiaoyi Jiang, He Ren, Meifang He, Yuqi Wang, Lihua Gao, Ping Zhao, Hanping Shi, Zhaolie Chen, Xiaoning Wang, Mauro Piacentini, Gerry Melino, Liang Liu, Hongyan Huang, Qiang Sun</text>
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                <text>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is highly contagious and causes lymphocytopenia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We demonstrate here that heterotypic cell-in-cell structures with lymphocytes inside multinucleate syncytia are prevalent in the lung tissues of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. These unique cellular structures are a direct result of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein is sufficient to induce a rapid (~45.1 nm/s) membrane fusion to produce syncytium, which could readily internalize multiple lines of lymphocytes to form typical cell-in-cell structures, remarkably leading to the death of internalized cells. This membrane fusion is dictated by a bi-arginine motif within the polybasic S1/S2 cleavage site, which is frequently present in the surface glycoprotein of most highly contagious viruses. Moreover, candidate anti-viral drugs could efficiently inhibit spike glycoprotein processing, membrane fusion, and cell-in-cell formation. Together, we delineate a molecular and cellular rationale for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and identify novel targets for COVID-19 therapy.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>10.1038/s41418-021-00782-3</text>
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                <text>Cell death and differentiation</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A multicentre observational study on neonates exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in China: the Neo-SARS-CoV-2 Study protocol</text>
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                <text>Xiuyong Cheng, Wenhao Zhou, Wei Zhou, Xiao Chen, Long Li, Laishuan Wang, Tiantian Xiao, Shiwen Xia, Linkong Zeng, Guang Lin, Qiufen Wei, Deyi Zhuang, Bin Yi, Hongying Mi, Zhaoqing Yin, Xiaojing Hu</text>
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                <text>Introduction An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, China starting in December 2019. Yet the clinical features and long-term outcomes of neonates with SARS-CoV-2 exposure are lacking. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical course and prognosis of the neonates exposed to SARS-CoV-2.Methods and analysis This is a multicentre observational study conducted at the designated children and maternal and child hospitals in the mainland of China. Neonates exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection will be recruited. The data to be collected via case report forms include demographic details, clinical features, laboratory and imaging results, as well as outcomes. Primary outcomes are the mortality of neonates with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Secondary outcomes are the birth weight, premature delivery and neurological development of neonates exposed to SARS-CoV-2. The neurological development is assessed by the Chinese standardised Denver Developmental Screening Test at the corrected age of 6 months.Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Children's Hospital of Fudan University ethics committee (No. (2020)31). The study findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences in order to improve the understanding of the clinical course among neonates exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and to provide evidence-based treatment and prevention strategies for this group.Trial registration number NCT04279899.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038004</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Hypothesis: Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Xiyuan Bai, Joseph Hippensteel, Alida Leavitt, James P Maloney, David Beckham, Cindy Garcia, Qing Li, Brian M Freed, Diane Ordway, Robert A Sandhaus, Edward D Chan</text>
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                <text>No definitive treatment for COVID-19 exists although promising results have been reported with remdesivir and glucocorticoids. Short of a truly effective preventive or curative vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, it is becoming increasingly clear that multiple pathophysiologic processes seen with COVID-19 as well as SARS-CoV-2 itself should be targeted. Because alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) embraces a panoply of biologic activities that may antagonize several pathophysiologic mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV-2, we hypothesize that this naturally occurring molecule is a promising agent to ameliorate COVID-19. We posit at least seven different mechanisms by which AAT may alleviate COVID-19. First, AAT is a serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) shown to inhibit TMPRSS-2, the host serine protease that cleaves the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, a necessary preparatory step for the virus to bind its cell surface receptor ACE2 to gain intracellular entry. Second, AAT has anti-viral activity against other RNA viruses HIV and influenza as well as induces autophagy, a known host effector mechanism against MERS-CoV, a related coronavirus that causes the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Third, AAT has potent anti-inflammatory properties, in part through inhibiting both nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) activation and ADAM17 (also known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme), and thus may dampen the hyper-inflammatory response of COVID-19. Fourth, AAT inhibits neutrophil elastase, a serine protease that helps recruit potentially injurious neutrophils and implicated in acute lung injury. AAT inhibition of ADAM17 also prevents shedding of ACE2 and hence may preserve ACE2 inhibition of bradykinin, reducing the ability of bradykinin to cause a capillary leak in COVID-19. Fifth, AAT inhibits thrombin, and venous thromboembolism and in situ microthrombi and macrothrombi are increasingly implicated in COVID-19. Sixth, AAT inhibition of elastase can antagonize the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a complex extracellular structure comprised of neutrophil-derived DNA, histones, and proteases, and implicated in the immunothrombosis of COVID-19; indeed, AAT has been shown to change the shape and adherence of non-COVID-19-related NETs. Seventh, AAT inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis may limit the endothelial injury linked to severe COVID-19-associated acute lung injury, multi-organ dysfunction, and pre-eclampsia-like syndrome seen in gravid women. Furthermore, because both NETs formation and the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies are increased in both COVID-19 and non-COVID pre-eclampsia, it suggests a similar vascular pathogenesis in both disorders. As a final point, AAT has an excellent safety profile when administered to patients with AAT deficiency and is dosed intravenously once weekly but also comes in an inhaled preparation. Thus, AAT is an appealing drug candidate to treat COVID-19 and should be studied.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2, Nets, serine protease, anti-inflammation, serpin, Anti-thrombosis</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110394</text>
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                <text>Views on COVID-19 and Use of Face Coverings Among U.S. Youth.</text>
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                <text>Little is known about the views of U.S. youth on COVID-19 or their use of face coverings. Closing this gap could facilitate messaging to promote COVID-19 risk mitigation behaviors. In July 2020, a five-question text message survey was sent to 1,087 youth aged 14-24 years. Questions assessed youths' perceptions regarding the likelihood of contracting COVID-19, the potential impact of contracting COVID-19 on their lives, the possibility of spreading COVID-19 to others, and their use of face coverings around others with whom they do not live. Coding was conducted to assign responses to discrete categories and to identify common themes. Of 1,087 eligible participants, 797 (73.3%) were included in analyses. Of these participants, 27.3% believed they would likely contract COVID-19 in the next few months, 90.3% believed contracting COVID-19 would have a moderate or significant impact on their lives, 86.0% were moderately or very concerned about spreading COVID-19, and 89.2% reported wearing face coverings all or most of the time. Factors affecting face covering use included the desire to avoid contracting and spreading COVID-19, peer influence, and policy mandates. Youths' perceptions regarding the risk of contracting COVID-19 varied, but most believed their lives would be adversely impacted if this occurred. Most youth were concerned about spreading COVID-19 and wore face coverings, but many made exceptions to face covering use when around close contacts. Public health campaigns may be most effective if they leverage positive peer influence and appeal to youths' desire not to spread COVID-19 to others.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Adolescents, young adults</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.02.015</text>
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                <text>The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25453">
                <text>Xu Huang, Ying Cai, Fan Wang, Li Zhao, Xin Yu, Yongjun Li, Teng Xu, Xiaojing WU, Quanguo Li, Qingyuan Zhan, Binghuai Lu, Si-Chao Gu</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>We report co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus in a patient with pneumonia in China. The case highlights possible co-detection of known respiratory viruses. We noted low sensitivity of upper respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2, which could further complicate recognition of the full extent of disease.</text>
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                <text>influenza, co-infection, China, Pneumonia, Viruses, Zoonoses, influenza A, CO detection, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, 2019 novel coronavirus disease</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.200299</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
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                <text>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it “typical” ARDS?</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Xu Li, Xiaochun Ma</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Abstract In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak a significant threat to international health. COVID-19 is highly infectious and can lead to fatal comorbidities especially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, fully understanding the characteristics of COVID-19-related ARDS is conducive to early identification and precise treatment. We aimed to describe the characteristics of COVID-19-related ARDS and to elucidate the differences from ARDS caused by other factors. COVID-19 mainly affected the respiratory system with minor damage to other organs. Injury to the alveolar epithelial cells was the main cause of COVID-19-related ARDS, and endothelial cells were less damaged with therefore less exudation. The clinical manifestations were relatively mild in some COVID-19 patients, which was inconsistent with the severity of laboratory and imaging findings. The onset time of COVID-19-related ARDS was 8–12 days, which was inconsistent with ARDS Berlin criteria, which defined a 1-week onset limit. Some of these patients might have a relatively normal lung compliance. The severity was redefined into three stages according to its specificity: mild, mild-moderate, and moderate-severe. HFNO can be safe in COVID-19-related ARDS patients, even in some moderate-severe patients. The more likely cause of death is severe respiratory failure. Thus, the timing of invasive mechanical ventilation is very important. The effects of corticosteroids in COVID-19-related ARDS patients were uncertain. We hope to help improve the prognosis of severe cases and reduce the mortality.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>coronavirus, acute respiratory distress syndrome, COVID-19, Berlin criteria</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02911-9</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23642">
                <text>Critical Care</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23643">
                <text>BMC</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Current efforts and challenges facing responses to 2019-nCoV in Africa</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Xu Lin, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Abstract The novel coronavirus is a pandemic that has started to creep into Africa thus making the virus a truly global, health security threat. The number of new 2019-nCoV cases has been rising in Africa, though currently lower than the cases reported outside the region. African countries have activated their Emergency Operations Centres to coordinate responses and preparedness activities to the pandemic. A series of measures such as restricting travel, case detection and contact tracing, mandatory quarantine, guidance and information to the public among other efforts are being implemented across Africa. However, the presence of porous borders, the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, poverty, poor health literacy, infodemic and family clustering, and most of all, weak health systems, may make containment challenging. It is important for African countries to continue to intensify efforts and address the challenges to effectively respond to the uncertainty the pandemic poses.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Outbreak, Africa, coronavirus, 2019ncov, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22884">
                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s41256-020-00148-1</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Global Health Research and Policy</text>
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                <text>BMC</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22887">
                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            </element>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Fighting against the common enemy of COVID-19: a practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14862">
                <text>Xu Qian, Ran Ren, Youfa Wang, Yan Guo, Jing Fang, Zhongdao Wu, Peilong Liu, Tieru Han, Members of Steering Committee, Society of Global Health, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 80 813 confirmed cases in all provinces of China, and 21 110 cases reported in 93 countries of six continents as of 7 March 2020 since middle December 2019. Due to biological nature of the novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with faster spreading and unknown transmission pattern, it makes us in a difficulty position to contain the disease transmission globally. To date, we have found it is one of the greatest challenges to human beings in fighting against COVID-19 in the history, because SARS-CoV-2 is different from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in terms of biological features and transmissibility, and also found the containment strategies including the non-pharmaceutical public health measures implemented in China are effective and successful. In order to prevent a potential pandemic-level outbreak of COVID-19, we, as a community of shared future for mankind, recommend for all international leaders to support preparedness in low and middle income countries especially, take strong global interventions by using old approaches or new tools, mobilize global resources to equip hospital facilities and supplies to protect noisome infections and to provide personal protective tools such as facemask to general population, and quickly initiate research projects on drug and vaccine development. We also recommend for the international community to develop better coordination, cooperation, and strong solidarity in the joint efforts of fighting against COVID-19 spreading recommended by the joint mission report of the WHO-China experts, against violating the International Health Regulation (WHO, 2005), and against stigmatization, in order to eventually win the battle against our common enemy — COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Outbreak, Pandemic, fighting, preparedness</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14866">
                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00650-1</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14867">
                <text>Infectious Diseases of Poverty</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>BMC</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases</text>
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                <text>EN</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Dynamic Changes in Liver Function Tests and Their Correlation with Illness Severity and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study</text>
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                <text>Xu W, Huang C, Fei L, Li Q, Chen L</text>
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                <text>Wei Xu,* Chenlu Huang,* Ling Fei,* Qiang Li, Liang Chen Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qiang Li; Liang Chen Email liqiang66601@163.com; chenliang@shphc.org.cnObjective: To describe the longitudinal changes in liver function tests, and their association with illness severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 1003 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was conducted. Longitudinal liver function tests and clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results: Abnormal liver function parameters were observed, both at admission (ALT 13.2%, AST 8.5%, ALP 2.0%, GGT 7.4%, LDH 37.6%, TBIL 4.0%, DBIL 7.8%, Albumin 10.1%) and peak hospitalization (ALT 29.4%, AST 17.5%, ALP 2.6%, GGT 13.4%, LDH 49.4%, TBIL 10.1%, DBIL 18.0%, Albumin 30.6%) in patients with COVID-19. Compared with non-severe patients, severe patients had markedly higher liver function parameters from baseline to 30 days after hospital admission. Abnormal ALT and LDH at hospital admission and some medications use (Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Traditional Chinese medicines) were associated with peak hospitalization ALT &amp;gt; 5&amp;times; the upper limit unit of normal (ULN). On multivariate analysis, age &amp;gt; 60 years, male, obesity, comorbidity, abnormal LDH and albumin at hospital admission and peak hospitalization were associated with progression to severe COVID-19 (OR &amp;gt; 1; p &amp;lt; 0.05). COX analysis revealed that ALT &amp;gt; 2 ULN (HR=7.0, p=0.011), AST &amp;gt; 2 ULN (HR=34.7, p &amp;lt; 0.001), and TBIL &amp;gt; 2 ULN (HR=54.6, p &amp;lt; 0.001) were associated with a higher mortality.Conclusion: Dynamic abnormalities of liver function parameters are common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and associated with illness severity and mortality.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, liver function parameters, liver injury, clinical outcomes</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, clinical outcomes, liver injury, liver function parameters</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40758">
                <text>Biotemas</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="40759">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Geriatrics</text>
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