2017 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/88748d273fb0b6aede3848e63c8ad552.pdf b4adaebb2ef5a2c9449602f87e1b6bc3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Surto de diarreia em vacas de um rebanho leiteiro na região sul de Minas Gerais: detecção de coronavírus bovino nas fezes Outbreak of diarrhea in cows from a dairy herd in the southern region of Minas Gerais State: detection of bovine coronavirus in the feces Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource P.S Bezerra Jr, P. E. Brandão, S.P. Pavarini, M.S Varaschin, F Wouters, L.Y.B. Villarreal, J.A. Jerez, G.M. Costa Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1590/S0102-09352009000400030 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Animal culture Language A language of the resource EN, PT https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/d844b4170ce522ec3e116a534d43e3f6.pdf d09ba3c581460a3f37b0b03594e4bd66 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource TMPRSS2 and MSPL Facilitate Trypsin-Independent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication in Vero Cells Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wen Shi, Wenlu Fan, Jing Bai, Yandong Tang, Li Wang, Yanping Jiang, Lijie Tang, Min Liu, Wen Cui, Yigang Xu, Yijing Li Description An account of the resource Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) facilitate the spread and replication of viruses such as influenza and human coronaviruses, although it remains unclear whether TTSPs play a role in the progression of animal coronavirus infections, such as that by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). In this study, TTSPs including TMPRSS2, HAT, DESC1, and MSPL were tested for their ability to facilitate PEDV replication in Vero cells. Our results showed that TMPRSS2 and MSPL played significant roles in the stages of cell–cell fusion and virus–cell fusion, whereas HAT and DESC1 exhibited weaker effects. This activation may be involved in the interaction between TTSPs and the PEDV S protein, as the S protein extensively co-localized with TMPRSS2 and MSPL and could be cleaved by co-expression with TMPRSS2 or MSPL. Moreover, the use of Vero cells expressing TMPRSS2 and MSPL facilitated PEDV replication in the absence of exogenous trypsin. In sum, we identified two host proteases, TMPRSS2 and MSPL, which may provide insights and a novel method for enhancing viral titers, expanding virus production, and improving the adaptability of PEDV isolates in vitro. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, type II transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS2, MSPL, Virus replication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v9050114 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/5947514c3d4903dedbc643479377c4e0.pdf 527cd21ab0d2e183b8657ddf4bc1324c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immunological Control of Viral Infections in Bats and the Emergence of Viruses Highly Pathogenic to Humans Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tony Schountz, Michelle L. Baker, John Butler, Vincent Munster Description An account of the resource Bats are reservoir hosts of many important viruses that cause substantial disease in humans, including coronaviruses, filoviruses, lyssaviruses, and henipaviruses. Other than the lyssaviruses, they do not appear to cause disease in the reservoir bats, thus an explanation for the dichotomous outcomes of infections of humans and bat reservoirs remains to be determined. Bats appear to have a few unusual features that may account for these differences, including evidence of constitutive interferon (IFN) activation and greater combinatorial diversity in immunoglobulin genes that do not undergo substantial affinity maturation. We propose these features may, in part, account for why bats can host these viruses without disease and how they may contribute to the highly pathogenic nature of bat-borne viruses after spillover into humans. Because of the constitutive IFN activity, bat-borne viruses may be shed at low levels from bat cells. With large naive antibody repertoires, bats may control the limited virus replication without the need for rapid affinity maturation, and this may explain why bats typically have low antibody titers to viruses. However, because bat viruses have evolved in high IFN environments, they have enhanced countermeasures against the IFN response. Thus, upon infection of human cells, where the IFN response is not constitutive, the viruses overwhelm the IFN response, leading to abundant virus replication and pathology. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource bats, Chiroptera, zoonosis, antibody repertoire, emerging infectious disease, virus ecology Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01098 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Immunology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Immunologic diseases. Allergy Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/645e2d0482db98e90f8b7deaf3eecee7.pdf a0e5d75efa33d9dbf9daacdffaa818bc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ocorrência de coronavírus entérico de ferrets no Brasil: nota prévia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fabio Gregori, Márcia Helena Braga Catroxo, Vanessa da Silva Lopes, Vera Letticie de Azevedo Ruiz, Paulo Eduardo Brandão Description An account of the resource Coronavírus entérico de furões (FECV) é associado à enterite catarral epizoótica (ECE) em furões (Mustela putorius furo). Neste estudo, relatamos a ocorrência deste agente em quatro amostras fecais diarreicas de furões domésticos, analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (contrastação negativa) e RT-PCR específica e direcionada ao gene de nucleocapsídeo (N). Estes achados constituem o primeiro relato de FECV no Brasil e remetem para a importância deste vírus na etiologia de quadros entéricos nestes animais. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Subject The topic of the resource Coronavirus entérico de ferrets, Enterite catarral epizoótica, Furão, Mustela putorius furo. Coronavirus Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2010.26840 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade de São Paulo Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Animal culture Language A language of the resource EN, PT https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/54526e8b13957caf2f00131bf0749226.pdf f07e6d8de5b2dfbffd8468f8ea4367cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Differentiation of Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) genotypes by a restriction enzyme assay Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sibele Pinheiro de Souza, Karen Miyuki Asano, Thaisa Lucas Sandri, Iracema Nunes de Barros, Leonardo José Richtzenhain, Paulo Eduardo Brandão Description An account of the resource This article reports the use of the GsuI restriction enzyme to differentiate genotypes of Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV), based on an 18-nucleotide deletion of S1-coding region found in one of the two genotypes. It was concluded that this assay can be used as a rapid tool for BCoV genotypes differentiation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Subject The topic of the resource Bovine coronavirus, restriction enzyme, genotypes, Genes Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1590/S1517-83822010000300034 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brazilian Journal of Microbiology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/a17375b0831aa1aa1d89daaac4a8a841.pdf f743047c6c06254fc988c1c2e1d8a7bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Conserved Coronavirus Macrodomain Promotes Virulence and Suppresses the Innate Immune Response during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anthony R. Fehr, Rudragouda Channappanavar, Gytis Jankevicius, Craig Fett, Jincun Zhao, Jeremiah Athmer, David K. Meyerholz, Ivan Ahel, Stanley Perlman Description An account of the resource ADP-ribosylation is a common posttranslational modification that may have antiviral properties and impact innate immunity. To regulate this activity, macrodomain proteins enzymatically remove covalently attached ADP-ribose from protein targets. All members of the Coronavirinae, a subfamily of positive-sense RNA viruses, contain a highly conserved macrodomain within nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3). However, its function or targets during infection remain unknown. We identified several macrodomain mutations that greatly reduced nsp3’s de-ADP-ribosylation activity in vitro. Next, we created recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) strains with these mutations. These mutations led to virus attenuation and a modest reduction of viral loads in infected mice, despite normal replication in cell culture. Further, macrodomain mutant virus elicited an early, enhanced interferon (IFN), interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), and proinflammatory cytokine response in mice and in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Using a coinfection assay, we found that inclusion of mutant virus in the inoculum protected mice from an otherwise lethal SARS-CoV infection without reducing virus loads, indicating that the changes in innate immune response were physiologically significant. In conclusion, we have established a novel function for the SARS-CoV macrodomain that implicates ADP-ribose in the regulation of the innate immune response and helps to demonstrate why this domain is conserved in CoVs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01721-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived mBio Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available American Society for Microbiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/60f369d19b7ba4c978cef3c950f47f90.pdf 45e3790054768bce580fa03ee89004f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On the etiology of an outbreak of winter dysentery in dairy cows in Brazil Sobre a etiologia de um surto de disenteria de inverno em vacas leiteiras no Brasil Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Paulo E. Brandão, Laura Y.B. Villarreal, F. Gregori, Silvio L.P. de Souza, Marco A.E. Lopes, Cleise R. Gomes, Angelo J. Sforsin, Alexandre A. Sanches, Cesar A.R. Rosales, Leonardo J. Richtzenhain, Antonio J.P. Ferreira, José A. Jerez Description An account of the resource Winter dysentery (WD) is a seasonal infectious disease described worldwide that causes a marked decrease in milk production in dairy cows. In the Northern hemisphere, where the disease is classically recognized, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) has been assigned as a major etiologic agent of the disease. Nonetheless, in the Southern hemisphere, an in-deep etiological survey on WD cases had not been carried out. This study aimed to survey for BCoV by nested-RT-PCR, rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and ELISA, bacteria by classical bacteriological methods and PCR for virulence factors and parasites by sugar flotation test on fecal samples of 21 cows from a farm during an outbreak of WD in São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil. BCoV was detected in all 21 samples, while rotavirus was detected in two symptomatic cows. Escherichia coli, Yersinia intermedia, Providencia rustigianii Proteus penneri, Klebsiella terrigena and Enterobacter aglomerans were detected in samples from both asymptomatic and healthy cows in different associations. The study of E. coli virulence factors revealed that the strains isolated were all apathogenic. Cysts of Eimeria sp. and eggs of Strongyloidea were detected at low numbers in four of the symptomatic cows, with one co-infestation. These results suggest BCoV as the main etiologic agent of the cases of WD in Brazil, a conclusion that, with the clinical and epidemiological patterns of the disease studied herein, match those already described elsewhere. These findings give basis to the development of preventive measures and contribute to the understanding of the etiology of WD.Em vacas leiteiras, a disenteria de inverno (DI) é uma doença infecciosa sazonal mundialmente relatada que ocasiona uma marcada queda na produção de leite; no hemisfério Norte, onde a doença é classicamente reconhecida, o coronavirus bovino (BCoV) tem um importante papel como agente etiológico. Entretanto, no hemisfério Sul, pesquisas etiológicas aprofundadas em casos de DI nunca forma realizadas. Este estudo objetivou a pesquisa de BCoV utilizando nested-RT-PCR, rotavírus utilizando eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (PAGE) e ELISA, bactérias com métodos bacteriológicos clássicos e PCR para fatores de virulência e parasitas pela técnica de flutuação em açúcar em 21 amostras fecais de vacas de uma fazenda durante um surto de DI no estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. BCoV foi encontrado em todas as 21 amostras, enquanto que rotavírus foi encontrado em duas vacas sintomáticas. Escherichia coli, Yersinia intermedia, Providencia rustigiani, Proteus penneri, Klebsiella terrigena e Enterobacter aglomerans foram encontradas tanto em amostras de vacas sintomáticas quanto assintomáticas. O estudo de fatores de virulência para E. coli revelou que as amostras isoladas eram todas apatogênicas. Cistos de Eimeria sp. e ovos de Strongyloidea foram encontrados em baixos números em quatro animais sintomáticos, com uma co-infestação. Tais resultados sugerem o BCoV como o principal agente etiológico em casos de DI no Brasil, uma conclusão que, somada aos padrões clínicos e epidemiológicos da doença aqui estudada, concordam com aqueles descritos em outras regiões. Estes achados fornecem base o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas e também contribuem para o entendimento sobre a etiologia da DI. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Subject The topic of the resource Coronavírus bovino, disenteria de inverno, etiología, Bovine coronavirus, etiology, winter dysentery Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2007001000002 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Veterinary medicine Language A language of the resource EN, PT https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/50901a9a08755a1914a4de221e222240.pdf 592b900ea47ef1006ffc15e2ca840e45 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Regulatory T Cells in Arterivirus and Coronavirus Infections: Do They Protect Against Disease or Enhance it? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tanya LeRoith, S. Michelle Todd, Thomas E. Cecere Description An account of the resource Regulatory T cells (T<sub>regs</sub>) are a subset of T cells that are responsible for maintaining peripheral immune tolerance and homeostasis. The hallmark of T<sub>regs</sub> is the expression of the forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) transcription factor. Natural regulatory T cells (nT<sub>regs</sub>) are a distinct population of T cells that express CD4 and FoxP3. nTregs develop in the thymus and function in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. Other CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD4<sup>-</sup>CD8<sup>-</sup>, and CD8<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>-</sup> T cells can be induced to acquire regulatory function by antigenic stimulation, depending on the cytokine milieu. Inducible (or adaptive) T<sub>regs</sub> frequently express high levels of the interleukin 2 receptor (CD25). Atypical T<sub>regs</sub> express FoxP3 and CD4 but have no surface expression of CD25. Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) produce IL-10, while T helper 3 cells (Th3) produce TGF-β. The function of inducible T<sub>regs</sub> is presumably to maintain immune homeostasis, especially in the context of chronic inflammation or infection. Induction of T<sub>regs</sub> in coronaviral infections protects against the more severe forms of the disease attributable to the host response. However, arteriviruses have exploited these T cell subsets as a means to dampen the immune response allowing for viral persistence. T<sub>reg</sub> induction or activation in the pathogenesis of disease has been described in both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus, and mouse hepatitis virus. This review discusses the development and biology of regulatory T cells in the context of arteriviral and coronaviral infection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Subject The topic of the resource regulatory T cell, arterivirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, coronavirus Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v4050833 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/89a8a2c474c6a8b83ae777715a357a26.pdf 898c9abf82b2a4d2063ed08dced48d00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Molecular Characterizations of Subcellular Localization Signals in the Nucleocapsid Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Da Shi, Maojie Lv, Jianfei Chen, Hongyan Shi, Sha Zhang, Xin Zhang, Li Feng Description An account of the resource The nucleolus is a dynamic subnuclear structure, which is crucial to the normal operation of the eukaryotic cell. The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein, plays important roles in the process of virus replication and cellular infection. Virus infection and transfection showed that N protein was predominately localized in the cytoplasm, but also found in the nucleolus in Vero E6 cells. Furthermore, by utilizing fusion proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP), deletion mutations or site-directed mutagenesis of PEDV N protein, coupled with live cell imaging and confocal microscopy, it was revealed that, a region spanning amino acids (aa), 71–90 in region 1 of the N protein was sufficient for nucleolar localization and R87 and R89 were critical for its function. We also identified two nuclear export signals (NES, aa221–236, and 325–364), however, only the nuclear export signal (aa325–364) was found to be functional in the context of the full-length N protein. Finally, the activity of this nuclear export signal (NES) was inhibited by the antibiotic Lepomycin B, suggesting that N is exported by a chromosome region maintenance 1-related export pathway. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Subject The topic of the resource CHROMOSOME region maintenance 1, Nucleocapsid protein, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, subcellular localization signals Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v6031253 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1cc55a1540ce2184ae721480dc7d42e4.pdf 0492e0c03d478e195ee4088b1caddbee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russian Arctic Petroleum Resources Ressources pétrolières de l’Arctique russe Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zolotukhin A., Gavrilov V. Description An account of the resource The Arctic continental shelf is believed to be the area with the highest unexplored potential for oil and gas as well as for unconventional hydrocarbon resources such as gas hydrates. Despite a common view that the Arctic has plentiful of hydrocarbon resources, there are ongoing debates regarding the potential of this region as a future energy supply base. Driving forces for such discussions are geopolitics, environmental concern, assessment and delineation of Arctic resources, technology available for their successful development and the market demand for energy supply. The Russian part is recognized to be the largest among oil and gas resources owned by Arctic nations. However, scarce information and available geological data create uncertainty regarding a future role of the Russian Arctic as main base of energy supply in the second part of the XXI century. A further uncertainty is the pace at which production from northern areas including the Arctic will be brought onstream – either because of national policy, infrastructure development or investment by the state and the oil companies. These areas embrace those where development has already been started (Offshore Sakhalin, northern Timan Pechora) and those awaiting future involvement, like Barents and Pechora seas, East Siberia, Yamal, Kara Sea and Kamchatka. Offhore production levels are likely to be very important to Russia in mid and long terms, especially as most (if not all) production will go for export and, in the process, open doors to new markets. In this way, offshore production will introduce a new and very significant component to Russia’s export strategy. However, active involvement of the Russian Arctic resources in the global energy supply process needs a detailed analysis and clear understanding of the market potential for Russian gas and oil (required volumes, time frame, transportations routes) and requires close attention of the government to the most important issues that should be in place, like national standards and guidelines for Arctic resources development, stable, transparent and predictable law as a necessary precondition for massive investments in exploration and production and, not least, active involvement of foreign companies in development of Arctic resources that could bring along with investments an indispensible competence and experience, available technology and Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) principles. Development of oil and gas fields in the arctic seas located few hundreds miles from shore is according to expert opinion the most challenging project in the world. Without international cooperation, coordination of all activities and use of modern and proven technologies for production of hydrocarbons, their transport, efficient safety and environmental protection tools the realization of such a project would be questionable. Le plateau continental arctique est considéré comme la zone comportant le potentiel inexploré le plus important tant en termes d’huile et de gaz qu’en ressources en hydrocarbures non conventionnels tels que les hydrates de gaz. En dépit d’une vision courante selon laquelle l’Arctique possède des ressources abondantes en hydrocarbures, des débats se poursuivent sur le potentiel énergétique de cette région. Les lignes directrices de telles discussions reposent sur la géopolitique, les questions environnementales, l’évaluation et la délimitation des ressources arctiques, la technologie disponible pour le succès de leur exploitation et les perspectives d’évolution de la demande en énergie. La partie russe est reconnue comme étant la plus importante concernant les ressources en huile et gaz des nations arctiques. Toutefois, le manque d’informations et de données géologiques disponibles engendre une incertitude sur le rôle futur de l’Arctique russe comme principal fournisseur d’énergie dans la seconde partie du XXIe siècle. Une incertitude supplémentaire repose sur le rythme auquel la production provenant des zones nordiques incluant l’Arctique sera activée – que ce soit du fait de la politique nationale, du développement d’infrastructures ou d’investissement par l’état et les compagnies pétrolières. Ces zones englobent celles où une exploitation a déjà été entamée (au large de l’île Sakhaline, dans le Timan Péchora du nord) et celles en attente d’une implication à venir, comme les mers de Barents et de Péchora, la Sibérie orientale, la péninsule de Yamal, la mer de Kara et le Kamchatka. Les niveaux de production offshore vont probablement être très importants pour la Russie à moyen et long terme, particulièrement du fait que la plupart (sinon la totalité) de la production sera exportée et, ce faisant, ouvrira des portes vers de nouveaux marchés. De cette manière, la production offshore introduira une composante nouvelle et très significative à la stratégie d’exportation de la Russie. Toutefois, une implication active des ressources arctiques russes dans le processus global de fourniture d’énergie exige une analyse détaillée et une compréhension claire du potentiel du marché du gaz et de l’huile russes (volumes demandés, calendrier d’exécution, voies de transports); elle exige aussi une attention soutenue de la part du gouvernement sur les points les plus importants qui devront être mis en place, tels que des normes et directives nationales pour l’exploitation des ressources arctiques, une législation stable, transparente et sans surprise à titre de condition préalable nécessaire à des investissements massifs dans l’exploration et la production et, notamment, une implication active de compagnies étrangères dans l’exploitation des ressources arctiques qui pourrait apporter en même temps que les investissements une compétence et une expérience indispensables, une technologie disponible et des principes d’Hygiène, Sécurité et Environnement (HSE). L’exploitation de champs d’huile et de gaz dans les mers arctiques situées à quelques centaines de kilomètres des côtes constitue selon l’opinion des experts le projet le plus difficile au monde. Sans une coopération internationale, une coordination de toutes les activités et l’utilisation de technologies modernes et éprouvées pour la production et le transport d’hydrocarbures, des outils de sécurité et de protection environnementale efficaces, la réalisation d’un tel projet serait remise en question. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.2516/ogst/2011141 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Oil & Gas Science and Technology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available EDP Sciences Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chemical technology, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade Language A language of the resource EN, FR