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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Virus entéricos humanos en alimentos: detección y métodos de inactivación</text>
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                <text>Walter Randazzo, Irene Falcó, Alba Pérez-Cataluña, Gloria Sánchez</text>
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                <text>Los principales patógenos víricos que podemos ad­quirir ingiriendo alimentos contaminados son los norovirus, el virus de la hepatitis A y el virus de la hepatitis E que se propagan principalmente a través de la vía fecal oral. En los últimos años, la incidencia de brotes de transmisión alimentaria causados por estos patógenos ha experimentado un aumento considerable, en parte debido al comercio globalizado y a los cambios en los hábitos de consumo. Las matrices alimentarias que mayor riesgo representan para el consumidor son los moluscos bivalvos, ve­getales de IV gama, frutas tipo baya y platos listos para comer. Actualmente las técnicas moleculares son las más habituales para la detección de estos patógenos en alimentos, aunque toda­vía existen dudas acerca del significado de la presencia de estos genomas víricos en términos de seguridad alimentaria. La infec­tividad de estos patógenos en alimentos viene también determi­nada por su elevada persistencia ambiental y por su resistencia a los tratamientos aplicados para la conservación de los alimentos.</text>
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                <text>compuestos virucidas, envases virucidas, inactivación vírica, metagenómica, métodos moleculares, seguridad alimentaria, virus entéricos</text>
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                <text>Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/view/2353" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/view/2353&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Far from just affecting the lungs, covid-19 seems to cause a host of neurological problems. Jessica Hamzelou investigates.</text>
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                <text>Yun Zhang, Edward B. Klem, Wei Jen, Richard H. Scheuermann, Christopher N. Larsen, Sam Zaremba, Sanjeev Kumar, Brett E. Pickett, Douglas S. Greer, Zhiping Gu, Guangyu Sun, Li-Wei Zhou, Lucy Stewart</text>
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                <text>Several viruses within the Coronaviridae family have been categorized as either emerging or re-emerging human pathogens, with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) being the most well known. The NIAID-sponsored Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR, www.viprbrc.org) supports bioinformatics workflows for a broad range of human virus pathogens and other related viruses, including the entire Coronaviridae family. ViPR provides access to sequence records, gene and protein annotations, immune epitopes, 3D structures, host factor data, and other data types through an intuitive web-based search interface. Records returned from these queries can then be subjected to web-based analyses including: multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic inference, sequence variation determination, BLAST comparison, and metadata-driven comparative genomics statistical analysis. Additional tools exist to display multiple sequence alignments, view phylogenetic trees, visualize 3D protein structures, transfer existing reference genome annotations to new genomes, and store or share results from any search or analysis within personal private ‘Workbench’ spaces for future access. All of the data and integrated analysis and visualization tools in ViPR are made available without charge as a service to the Coronaviridae research community to facilitate the research and development of diagnostics, prophylactics, vaccines and therapeutics against these human pathogens.</text>
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                <text>virus, Database, Bioinformatics, coronavirus, SARS, SARS-CoV, Coronaviridae, Comparative genomics</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/v4113209</text>
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                <text>Virus survey in populations of two subspecies of bent-winged bats (Miniopterus orianae bassanii and oceanensis) in south-eastern Australia reveals a high prevalence of diverse herpesviruses.</text>
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                <text>While bats are often viewed as carriers of infectious disease agents, little research has been conducted on the effects these potential pathogens may have on the bat populations themselves. The southern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus orianae bassanii) is a critically endangered subspecies endemic to south-eastern Australia. Population numbers of this bat have been declining for the past 50 years, but the reasons for this are unclear. As part of a larger study to determine if disease could be a contributing factor to this decline, 351 southern bent-winged bats from four locations were captured, and oral swabs were collected and tested for the presence of potentially pathogenic viruses. Results were compared with those obtained from 116 eastern bent-winged bats (Miniopterus orianae oceanensis) from three different locations. The eastern bent-winged bat is a related but more common and widespread subspecies whose geographical range overlaps partly with southern bent-winged bats. Herpesviruses were detected in bent-winged bats from all seven locations. At least six novel herpesviruses (five betaherpesviruses and one gammaherpesvirus) were identified. The prevalence of herpesvirus infection was higher in eastern bent-winged bats (44%, 51/116), compared to southern bent-winged bats (27%, 95/351), although this varied across the locations and sampling periods. Adenoviruses and a range of different RNA viruses (lyssaviruses, filoviruses, coronaviruses and henipaviruses) were also tested for but not detected. The detected herpesviruses did not appear to be associated with obvious ill health, and may thus not be playing a role in the population decline of the southern bent-winged bat. The detection of multiple novel herpesviruses at a high prevalence of infection is consistent with our understanding of bats as hosts to a rich diversity of viruses.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197625</text>
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                <text>PLoS ONE</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/80cb68d9ba45403865e8940c1a9ce0e6.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Virus-specific regulatory T cells ameliorate encephalitis by repressing effector T cell functions from priming to effector stages.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Jingxian Zhao, Jincun Zhao, Stanley Perlman</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Several studies have demonstrated the presence of pathogen-specific Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cells (Treg) in infected animals, but little is known about where and how these cells affect the effector T cell responses and whether they are more suppressive than bulk Treg populations. We recently showed the presence of both epitope M133-specific Tregs (M133 Treg) and conventional CD4 T cells (M133 Tconv) in the brains of mice with coronavirus-induced encephalitis. Here, we provide new insights into the interactions between pathogenic Tconv and Tregs responding to the same epitope. M133 Tregs inhibited the proliferation but not initial activation of M133 Tconv in draining lymph nodes (DLN). Further, M133 Tregs inhibited migration of M133 Tconv from the DLN. In addition, M133 Tregs diminished microglia activation and decreased the number and function of Tconv in the infected brain. Thus, virus-specific Tregs inhibited pathogenic CD4 T cell responses during priming and effector stages, particularly those recognizing cognate antigen, and decreased mortality and morbidity without affecting virus clearance. These cells are more suppressive than bulk Tregs and provide a targeted approach to ameliorating immunopathological disease in infectious settings.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2014</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004279</text>
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                <text>PLoS Pathogens</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Biology (General), Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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