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Up-regulation of Mcl-1 and Bak by coronavirus infection of human, avian and animal cells modulates apoptosis and viral replication.
Virus-induced apoptosis and viral mechanisms that regulate this cell death program are key issues in understanding virus-host interactions and viral pathogenesis. Like many other human and animal viruses, coronavirus infection of mammalian cells…
Position: 6343 (31 views)
Profiling of substrate specificities of 3C-like proteases from group 1, 2a, 2b, and 3 coronaviruses.
BACKGROUND: Coronaviruses (CoVs) can be classified into alphacoronavirus (group 1), betacoronavirus (group 2), and gammacoronavirus (group 3) based on diversity of the protein sequences. Their 3C-like protease (3CL(pro)), which catalyzes the…
Position: 6849 (30 views)
Profiling of substrate specificity of SARS-CoV 3CL.
BACKGROUND: The 3C-like protease (3CL(pro)) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus is required for autoprocessing of the polyprotein, and is a potential target for treating coronaviral infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To obtain a…
Position: 1693 (53 views)
Dissecting virus entry: replication-independent analysis of virus binding, internalization, and penetration using minimal complementation of β-galactosidase.
Studies of viral entry into host cells often rely on the detection of post-entry parameters, such as viral replication or the expression of a reporter gene, rather than on measuring entry per se. The lack of assays to easily detect the different…
Position: 4076 (38 views)
Regulation of programmed ribosomal frameshifting by co-translational refolding RNA hairpins.
RNA structures are unwound for decoding. In the process, they can pause the elongating ribosome for regulation. An example is the stimulation of -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting, leading to 3' direction slippage of the reading-frame during…
Position: 4903 (35 views)
Crystal structure of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus helicase.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) remains a threat to public health worldwide; however, effective vaccine or drug against CoVs remains unavailable. CoV helicase is one of the three evolutionary most conserved proteins in…
Position: 8039 (28 views)
Identification of the Mechanisms Causing Reversion to Virulence in an Attenuated SARS-CoV for the Design of a Genetically Stable Vaccine.
A SARS-CoV lacking the full-length E gene (SARS-CoV-∆E) was attenuated and an effective vaccine. Here, we show that this mutant virus regained fitness after serial passages in cell culture or in vivo, resulting in the partial duplication of the…
Position: 10255 (25 views)
Correction: Reversal of the Progression of Fatal Coronavirus Infection in Cats by a Broad-Spectrum Coronavirus Protease Inhibitor.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005531.].
Position: 5907 (32 views)
The role of viral population diversity in adaptation of bovine coronavirus to new host environments.
The high mutation rate of RNA viruses enables a diverse genetic population of viral genotypes to exist within a single infected host. In-host genetic diversity could better position the virus population to respond and adapt to a diverse array of…
Position: 9462 (26 views)
Liposome-coupled peptides induce long-lived memory CD8 T cells without CD4 T cells.
CD8(+) T cells provide broad immunity to viruses, because they are able to recognize all types of viral proteins. Therefore, the development of vaccines capable of inducing long-lived memory CD8(+) T cells is desired to prevent diseases, especially…
Position: 5203 (34 views)