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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Estimation of the Transmission Risk of the 2019-nCoV and Its Implication for Public Health Interventions</text>
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                <text>Biao Tang, Xia Wang, Qian Li, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Sanyi Tang, Yanni Xiao, Jianhong Wu</text>
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                <text>Since the emergence of the first cases in Wuhan, China, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has been quickly spreading out to other provinces and neighboring countries. Estimation of the basic reproduction number by means of mathematical modeling can be helpful for determining the potential and severity of an outbreak and providing critical information for identifying the type of disease interventions and intensity. A deterministic compartmental model was devised based on the clinical progression of the disease, epidemiological status of the individuals, and intervention measures. The estimations based on likelihood and model analysis show that the control reproduction number may be as high as 6.47 (95% CI 5.71&amp;#8722;7.23). Sensitivity analyses show that interventions, such as intensive contact tracing followed by quarantine and isolation, can effectively reduce the control reproduction number and transmission risk, with the effect of travel restriction adopted by Wuhan on 2019-nCoV infection in Beijing being almost equivalent to increasing quarantine by a 100 thousand baseline value. It is essential to assess how the expensive, resource-intensive measures implemented by the Chinese authorities can contribute to the prevention and control of the 2019-nCoV infection, and how long they should be maintained. Under the most restrictive measures, the outbreak is expected to peak within two weeks (since 23 January 2020) with a significant low peak value. With travel restriction (no imported exposed individuals to Beijing), the number of infected individuals in seven days will decrease by 91.14% in Beijing, compared with the scenario of no travel restriction.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, infection management and control, travel restriction, mathematical model, SEIR model</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020462</text>
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                <text>Journal of Clinical Medicine</text>
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                <text>Air Medical Evacuation of Nepalese Citizen During Epidemic of COVID-19 from Wuhan to Nepal</text>
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                <text>Bibek Rajbhandari, Naveen Phuyal, Bikal Shrestha, Moon Thapa</text>
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                <text>In December 2019, the world was disrupted by the news of a new strain of virus known as Novel Corona virus, taking lives of many in China. Wuhan, the capital of Central China’s Hubei province is said to be the place where the outbreak started. The city went on a lockdown as the disease spread rapidly. After the lockdown, most countries like India and Bangladesh airlifted their citizens who were studying in Wuhan. Similarly, Nepal also has many youth studying medicine in Wuhan. Pleas for help from the students reached the government. This was a first encounter of such experience for Nepal government. With the help of Health Emergency Organizing committee, Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Nepal Army Hospital, Nepal Police Hospital, Waste Management team, Nepal Ambulance service, Tribhuwan Airport and Royal Airlines the government of Nepal planned, organized and successfully brought back all the 175 students on 15 the February, 2019 from Wuhan, China. The aim of the present article is to share the experience, the challenges faced and recommendations for future similar cases.   </text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>evacuation; Nepal; Novel Corona virus; Wuhan</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.31729/jnma.4857</text>
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                <text>Journal of Nepal Medical Association</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Nepal Medical Association</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Ecogeografía del género Sticta (Ascomycota liquenizados: Lobariaceae) en Colombia</text>
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                <text>Bibiana Moncada, Jaime Aguirre, Robert Lücking</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Colombia es un país megadiverso, pero con una ausencia significativa en el conocimiento de la taxonomía y ecología de hongos y líquenes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio era un análisis ecogeográfico de las especies de Sticta de Colombia. Los datos incluyeron la macrodistribución (con respeto a las cordilleras y zonas de vida) y preferencias de microhabitat (luz, sustrato) y fueron obtenidos mediante trabajo de campo y en el herbario (complemetados con mapas modernos de geografía y vegetación), para 103 especies actualmente reconocidas en Colombia (más siete biotipos con diferentes fotobiontes o modo de reproducción). Se elaboró un análisis de ordenación usando la técnica de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico (NMS), para establecer correlaciones entre variables ecogeográficas y las especies y para definir ecotipos. Las especies de Sticta en Colombia presentan patrones de distribución relativos a la altitud, las zonas de vida y la ubicación en las cordilleras, tanto como luz y sustrato, formando varios grupos distintos. Las especies con ciano-bionte tienen un rango de distribución más amplio que las especies con fotobionte verde. Concluimos que la orogenia de los Andes afectó significativamente la especiación del género Sticta y su diferenciación ecogeográfica.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2014</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sticta, Zonas de Vida, andino, patrones de distribución, páramo, subandino, superpáramo</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="168622">
                <text>Revista de Biología Tropical</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Vicerractoría Investigación</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Biology (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0034-77442014000200020&amp;amp;lng=en&amp;amp;tlng=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0034-77442014000200020&amp;amp;lng=en&amp;amp;tlng=en&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Clinical characteristics of 82 cases of death from COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Bicheng Zhang, Xiaoyang Zhou, Yanru Qiu, Yuxiao Song, Fan Feng, Jia Feng, Qibin Song, Qingzhu Jia, Jun Wang</text>
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                <text>A recently developed pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 bursting in Wuhan, China, has quickly spread across the world. We report the clinical characteristics of 82 cases of death from COVID-19 in a single center. Clinical data on 82 death cases laboratory-confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 infection were obtained from a Wuhan local hospital's electronic medical records according to previously designed standardized data collection forms. All patients were local residents of Wuhan, and a large proportion of them were diagnosed with severe illness when admitted. Due to the overwhelming of our system, a total of 14 patients (17.1%) were treated in the ICU, 83% of deaths never received Critical Care Support, only 40% had mechanical ventilation support despite 100% needing oxygen and the leading cause of death being pulmonary. Most of the patients who died were male (65.9%). More than half of the patients who died were older than 60 years (80.5%), and the median age was 72.5 years. The bulk of the patients who died had comorbidities (76.8%), including hypertension (56.1%), heart disease (20.7%), diabetes (18.3%), cerebrovascular disease (12.2%), and cancer (7.3%). Respiratory failure remained the leading cause of death (69.5%), followed by sepsis/MOF (28.0%), cardiac failure (14.6%), hemorrhage (6.1%), and renal failure (3.7%). Furthermore, respiratory, cardiac, hemorrhagic, hepatic, and renal damage were found in 100%, 89%, 80.5%, 78.0%, and 31.7% of patients, respectively. On admission, lymphopenia (89.2%), neutrophilia (74.3%), and thrombocytopenia (24.3%) were usually observed. Most patients had a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of &gt;5 (94.5%), high systemic immune-inflammation index of &gt;500 (89.2%), and increased C-reactive protein (100%), lactate dehydrogenase (93.2%), and D-dimer (97.1%) levels. A high level of IL-6 (&gt;10 pg/ml) was observed in all detected patients. The median time from initial symptoms to death was 15 days (IQR 11-20), and a significant association between aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.002), alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.037) and time from initial symptoms to death was remarkably observed. Older males with comorbidities are more likely to develop severe disease and even die from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Respiratory failure is the main cause of COVID-19, but the virus itself and cytokine release syndrome-mediated damage to other organs, including cardiac, renal, hepatic, and hemorrhagic damage, should be taken seriously as well.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>10.1371/journal.pone.0235458</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Survive of the Indonesia farmers in during the Covid-19 Pademic: Findings of the South Sumatra</text>
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                <text>Bidarti Agustina</text>
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                <text>This research aims to perform an empirical analysis of rural farmer conditions in South Sumatera during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. To fulfill the research objectives, there are some things focused on economic and demographic features, levels and patterns of income and consumption, the magnitude of debt factors, and social conditions and the position of farmers in society. This research is a survey study with multiple regression analysis methods. The sample selection is carried out in a multilevel with a sample number of 300 farmers in South Sumatra. Based on this study, first, during the pandemic, farmers were in a difficult condition because of the low income from agricultural products that was not balanced with consumption expenditure. Farmers' income during the pandemic amounted to 104.54 USD, a decrease from the previous year amounting to 218.28 USD. Decreased by 52.16 percent before the pandemic. Second, they survive by making debt loans. Third, reduced income and large amounts of debt have caused farmers to be unable to meet their basic needs, where around 65.22 percent of total consumption is spent on non-durable goods or only to fulfill their basic needs.</text>
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                <text>10.1051/e3sconf/202123201019</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Environmental sciences</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Nrf2 Activator PB125&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; as a Potential Therapeutic Agent against COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Bifeng Gao, Joe M. McCord, Brooks  M. Hybertson, Adela Cota-Gomez, Kara  P. Geraci</text>
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                <text>Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates cellular redox balance and the expression of a wide array of genes involved in immunity and inflammation, including antiviral actions. Nrf2 activity declines with age, making the elderly more susceptible to oxidative stress-mediated diseases, which include type 2 diabetes, chronic inflammation, and viral infections. Published evidence suggests that Nrf2 activity may regulate important mechanisms affecting viral susceptibility and replication. We examined gene expression levels by GeneChip microarray and by RNA-seq assays. We found that the potent Nrf2-activating composition PB125® downregulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in human liver-derived HepG2 cells. ACE2 is a surface receptor and TMPRSS2 activates the spike protein for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Furthermore, in endotoxin-stimulated primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, we report the marked downregulation by PB125 of 36 genes encoding cytokines. These include IL-1-beta, IL-6, TNF-α, the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, and a group of IFN-γ-induced genes. Many of these cytokines have been specifically identified in the “cytokine storm” observed in fatal cases of COVID-19, suggesting that Nrf2 activation may significantly decrease the intensity of the storm.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, Nrf2, Ali, Cytokine storm, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060518</text>
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                <text>Antioxidants</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Therapeutics. Pharmacology</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Un análisis comparativo del comportamiento diferencial de los glaciares en los Andes Tropicales usando teledetección</text>
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                <text>Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil, Sebastián Felipe Ruiz Pereira, Shanshan Wang, Pedro Teixeira Valente, Atilio Efrain Bica Grondona, Adriana Coromoto Becerra Rondón, Isabel Cristiane Rekowsky, Sergio Florêncio de Souza, Nilceia Bianchini, Ulisses Franz Bremer, Jefferson Cardia Simões</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>En este trabajo de investigación, se analizó el comportamiento de los glaciares de los Andes Tropicales en un clima cambiante; para esto se emplearon imágenes satelitales multiespectrales de diversas fuentes en conjunto con datos meteorológicos. El estudio se enfocó en glaciares representativos de cuatro zonas climáticas diferentes, a saber: trópicos interiores, trópicos exteriores húmedos del norte, trópicos exteriores húmedos del sur y trópicos exteriores secos. Se calcularon los cambios en la línea de nieve máxima anual para el período de 1985―2015, y también los cambios decenales en el área entre 1975 y 2015. Además, se analizó la tasa de retroceso de los glaciares durante la ocurrencia de El Niño―Oscilación del Sur y la Oscilación Decenal del Pacífico. Se observó que los glaciares tanto de los trópicos interiores como de los trópicos exteriores se sometieron a retroceso durante todo el período de estudio, con énfasis entre 1975 y 1997, lapso coincidente con el período de calentamiento del Pacífico. Se observaron variaciones excepcionales  en la altitud de la línea de nieve cuando se produce un evento de El Niño durante la fase cálida de la Oscilación Decenal del Pacífico. Se observó que no hay señales significativas del hiato reciente en el calentamiento global, excepto en los trópicos exteriores secos, localizados cerca de la región subtropical.</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.5354/0719-5370.2016.41215</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Investigaciones Geográficas</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Geography (General), Physical geography</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://investigacionesgeograficas.uchile.cl/index.php/IG/article/view/41215" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://investigacionesgeograficas.uchile.cl/index.php/IG/article/view/41215&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Sonographic Evolution and Resolution of SARS-CoV2 Pneumonia.</text>
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                <text>Bilal A Jalil, Irfanali R Kugasia, Mohsin Ijaz</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.amjms.2020.10.006</text>
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                <text>The American journal of the medical sciences</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Is Pakistan's Response to Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Adequate to Prevent an Outbreak?</text>
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                <text>Bilal Javed, Abdullah Sarwer, Erik B. Soto, Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani</text>
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                <text>novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-2019 epidemic, Pandemic, Pakistan</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00158</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Medicine</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Nexus Between the COVID-19 Dynamics and Environmental Pollution Indicators in South America</text>
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                <text>Bilal, Bashir MF, Komal B, Benghoul M, Bashir MA, Tan D</text>
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                <text>Bilal,1 Muhammad Farhan Bashir,2 Bushra Komal,3 Maroua Benghoul,4 Muhammad Adnan Bashir,5 Duojiao Tan1 1Accounting School, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Business School, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 4Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Turkey; 5School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Muhammad Farhan BashirBusiness School, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaTel +8613272487055Email farhan.paks89@gmail.comIntroduction: In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers are working with health professionals to inform governments to slow the virus&amp;rsquo;s spread. The extant research contribution has been dedicated to examining the impact of climate indicators such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding their combined association between environmental quality and climate indicators to combat COVID-19 in the South American context.Methods: In this study, we collected data for environmental pollution indicators for the South America region, and correlation analysis and wavelet transform coherence were used as the analytical tools.Results: Empirical estimates conclude that PM10, NO2, CO, and O3 are significant factors in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in South America.Implications: Our findings will serve as policy implications for the state, health officials, and regulators to combat the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in South America.Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, environmental pollution, South America</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, covid-19, Environmental pollution, South America</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="53114">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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