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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A united statement of the global chiropractic research community against the pseudoscientific claim that chiropractic care boosts immunity</text>
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                <text>Michael Schneider, Pierre Côté, Jan Hartvigsen, Silvano Mior, Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde, Greg N. Kawchuk, Andre Bussières, J. David Cassidy, and more than 140 signatories# call for an end to pseudoscientific claims on the effect of chiropractic care on immune function</text>
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                <text>Abstract Background In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, the International Chiropractors Association (ICA) posted reports claiming that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. These claims clash with recommendations from the World Health Organization and World Federation of Chiropractic. We discuss the scientific validity of the claims made in these ICA reports. Main body We reviewed the two reports posted by the ICA on their website on March 20 and March 28, 2020. We explored the method used to develop the claim that chiropractic adjustments impact the immune system and discuss the scientific merit of that claim. We provide a response to the ICA reports and explain why this claim lacks scientific credibility and is dangerous to the public. More than 150 researchers from 11 countries reviewed and endorsed our response. Conclusion In their reports, the ICA provided no valid clinical scientific evidence that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. We call on regulatory authorities and professional leaders to take robust political and regulatory action against those claiming that chiropractic adjustments have a clinical impact on the immune system.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Immunity, coronavirus, pseudoscience, Chiropractic, Spinal manipulation</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s12998-020-00312-x</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Chiropractic &amp; Manual Therapies</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>BMC</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Chiropractic</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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                <text>Pustulan Activates Chicken Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro and Promotes Ex Vivo CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T Cell Recall Response to Infectious Bronchitis Virus</text>
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                <text>Dennis Christensen, Bernt Guldbrandtsen, Jacob Pitcovski, Tina S. Dalgaard, Frederik  T. Larsen, Rikke  B. Kjærup</text>
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                <text>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious avian coronavirus. IBV causes substantial worldwide economic losses in the poultry industry. Vaccination with live-attenuated viral vaccines, therefore, are of critical importance. Live-attenuated viral vaccines, however, exhibit the potential for reversion to virulence and recombination with virulent field strains. Therefore, alternatives such as subunit vaccines are needed together with the identification of suitable adjuvants, as subunit vaccines are less immunogenic than live-attenuated vaccines. Several glycan-based adjuvants directly targeting mammalian C-type lectin receptors were assessed in vitro using chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). The β-1-6-glucan, pustulan, induced an up-regulation of MHC class II (MHCII) cell surface expression, potentiated a strong proinflammatory cytokine response, and increased endocytosis in a cation-dependent manner. Ex vivo co-culture of peripheral blood monocytes from IBV-immunised chickens, and BM-DCs pulsed with pustulan-adjuvanted recombinant IBV N protein (rN), induced a strong recall response. Pustulan-adjuvanted rN induced a significantly higher CD4+ blast percentage compared to either rN, pustulan or media. However, the CD8+ and TCRγδ+ blast percentage were significantly lower with pustulan-adjuvanted rN compared to pustulan or media. Thus, pustulan enhanced the efficacy of MHCII antigen presentation, but apparently not the cross-presentation on MHCI. In conclusion, we found an immunopotentiating effect of pustulan in vitro using chicken BM-DCs. Thus, future in vivo studies might show pustulan as a promising glycan-based adjuvant for use in the poultry industry to contain the spread of coronaviridiae as well as of other avian viral pathogens.</text>
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                <text>adjuvant, chicken, IBV, BMDC, pustulan, subunit vaccination</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020226</text>
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                <text>Vaccines</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Exercise: A Protective Measure or an “Open Window” for COVID-19? A Mini Review</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25016">
                <text>João B. Ferreira-Junior, Eduardo D. S. Freitas, Suene F. N. Chaves</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to at least 115 countries and caused an alarming number of deaths. The current outbreak has lead authorities from many countries to adopt several protective measures, including lockdown and social distancing. Although being a reasonable measure to counteract the COVID-19 contamination, the restrictive measures have limited individual's ability to perform exercise outdoors or in gyms and similar facilities, thus raising the risks for chronic health conditions related to a sedentary lifestyle. The recent exercise recommendations to counteract the potential deleterious effects of COVID-19-related lockdown have not fully addressed resistance exercise interventions as potential home-based exercise strategies. Additionally, the following questions have been constantly raised: (1) Is training status capable of protecting an individual from COVID-19 infection?; and (2) Can a single endurance or resistance exercise session acutely increase the risks for COVID-19 infection? Therefore, the current mini review aimed to focus on these two concerns, as well as to discuss the potential use of practical blood flow restriction and no load resistance training as possible resistance exercise strategies that could be performed during the current COVID-19 pandemic.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>resistance training, coronavirus, Immune System, Endurance Training, blood flow restriction, no load resistance training</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25020">
                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00061</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Frontiers in Sports and Active Living</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25022">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Sports</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>The Expression and Polymorphism of Entry Machinery for COVID-19 in Human: Juxtaposing Population Groups, Gender, and Different Tissues</text>
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                <text>Behrooz Darbani</text>
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                <text>(1) Background: Combating viral disease outbreaks has doubtlessly been one of the major public health challenges for the 21st century. (2) Methods: The host entry machinery required for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was examined for the gene expression profiles and polymorphism. (3) Results: Lung, kidney, small intestine, and salivary glands were among the tissues which expressed the entry machinery coding genes Ace2, Tmprss2, CtsB, and CtsL. The genes had no significant expression changes between males and females. The four human population groups of Europeans, Africans, Asians, and Americans had specific and also a common pool of rare variants for the X-linked locus of ACE2 receptor. Several specific and common ACE2 variants including S19P, I21T/V, E23K, A25T, K26R, T27A, E35D/K, E37K, Y50F, N51D/S, M62V, N64K, K68E, F72V, E75G, M82I, T92I, Q102P, G220S, H239Q, G326E, E329G, G352V, D355N, H378R, Q388L, P389H, E467K, H505R, R514G/*, and Y515C were of the utmost importance to the viral entry and infection. The variants of S19P, I21T, K26R, T27A, E37K, N51D, N64K, K68E, F72V, M82I, G326E, H378R, Q388L, and P389H also had significant differences in frequencies among the population groups. Most interestingly, the analyses revealed that more than half of the variants can exist in males, i.e., as hemizygous. (4) Conclusions: The rare variants of human ACE2 seem to be one of the determinant factors associated with fitness in the battle against SARS viruses. The hemizygous viral-entry booster variants of ACE2 describe the higher SARS-CoV-2 mortality rate in males. This is also supported by the lack of gender bias for the gene expression profiles of entry machinery. A personalized medicine strategy is conceived for isolating high-risk individuals in epidemic circumstances.</text>
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                <text>gender, Polymorphism, COVID-19, host entry machinery</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103433</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, thought to have originated from bats causes COVID-19 infection which was first reported from Wuhan, China in December 2019. This virus has a high infectivity rate and has impacted a significant chunk of the population worldwide. The spectrum of disease ranges from mild to severe with respiratory system being the most commonly affected. Cardiovascular system often gets involved in later stages of the disease with acute cardiac injury, heart failure and arrhythmias being the common complications. In addition, the presence of cardiovascular co-morbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease in these patients are often associated with poor prognosis. It is still not clear regarding the exact mechanism explaining cardiovascular system involvement in COVID-19. Multiple theories have been put forward however, more robust studies are required to fully elucidate the “heart and virus” link. The disease has already made its presence felt on the global stage and its impact in the developing countries is going to be profound. These nations not only have a poorly developed healthcare system but there is also a huge burden of cardiovascular diseases. As a result, COVID-19 would adversely impact the already overburdened healthcare network leading to impaired cardiovascular care delivery especially for acute coronary syndrome and heart failure patients.</text>
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                <text>heart failure, myocarditis, Arrhythmias, COVID-19, Acute respiratory distress synrome</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1305</text>
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                <text>Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02928-0</text>
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                <text>Critical Care</text>
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                <text>Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A step towards gender equity to strengthen the pharmaceutical workforce during COVID-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25050">
                <text>Zaheer-ud-din Babar, Madeeha Malik, Huma Rasheed, Mehr Manzoor, Nadia Bukhari, Bismah Nayyer</text>
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                <text>Abstract There is plenty of evidence to support that women leaders are needed in the health and pharmaceutical sectors, although most of the leadership positions in global health are predominantly occupied by men. This is a major challenge to global health policy. Gender diversity and inclusion within the pharmaceutical workforce is integral to optimal patient care. Women continue to be underrepresented in senior and leadership positions within pharmacy, despite outnumbering the men in the global pharmacy workforce. This commentary highlights the need towards gender equity and discusses the several key initiatives that are building momentum and making substantial progress towards this agenda in the pharmaceutical workforce.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00215-5</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25054">
                <text>Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice</text>
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                <text>BMC</text>
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                <text>Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Pharmacy and materia medica</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Pearls of experience for safe and efficient hospital practices in otorhinolaryngology—head and neck surgery in Hong Kong during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic</text>
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                <text>Anthony W. H. Chan, Kitty S. C. Fung, Jacky F. W. Lo, Osan Y. M. Ho, Peter K. M. Ku, Michael C. F. Tong, Ryan H. W. Cho, Zenon W. C. Yeung, Alice K. Y. Siu, Wendy M. Y. Kwan, Zion W. H. To, Becky Y. T. Chan, Victor Abdullah</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Abstract The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic originated in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly worldwide, leading the World Health Organization to declare an official global COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. In Hong Kong, clinicians and other healthcare personnel collaborated closely to combat the outbreak of COVID-19 and minimize the cross-transmission of disease among hospital staff members. In the field of otorhinolaryngology—head and neck surgery (OHNS) and its various subspecialties, contingency plans were required for patient bookings in outpatient clinics, surgeries in operating rooms, protocols in wards and other services. Infected patients may shed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) particles into their environments via body secretions. Therefore, otolaryngologists and other healthcare personnel in this specialty face a high risk of contracting COVID-19 and must remain vigilant when performing examinations and procedures involving the nose and throat. In this article, we share our experiences of the planning and logistics undertaken to provide safe and efficient OHNS practices over the last 2 months, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that our experiences will serve as pearls for otolaryngologists and other healthcare personnel working in institutes that serve large numbers of patients every day, particularly with regard to the sharing of clinical and administrative tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00427-4</text>
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                <text>Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery</text>
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                <text>Surgery</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Epilepsy control during an epidemic: emerging approaches and a new management framework</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25066">
                <text>Ling Liu, Deng Chen, Li-Na Zhu, Dong Zhou, Xin Lin, Zhen Hong, Shichuo Li</text>
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                <text>Abstract Epidemics are a big threat to world health. The ongoing pandemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a series of challenges to public health. One such challenge is the management of chronic diseases such as epilepsy during an epidemic event. Studies on this topic are rather limited and the related medical practice is full of uncertainty. Here we review recent development of potential approaches for epilepsy control during an epidemic and propose a new three-level management framework to address these challenges.</text>
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                <text>epilepsy, Disease control, epidemic</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s42494-020-00015-z</text>
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                <text>Acta Epileptologica</text>
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                <text>Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Symptoms—A Case Report</text>
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                <text>Victoria L. Keevil, Alistair  J. Mackett</text>
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                <text>COVID-19, a new illness secondary to a novel Coronavirus emerged in December 2019 in China. Our early understanding of the clinical features of COVID-19 has been based on case series emerging from the first outbreak in Wuhan. These features included fever, a dry cough, myalgia and dyspnea. Gastrointestinal symptoms were rarely reported as a key feature. We present a case report of a 74-year-old male who presented with symptoms of gastroenteritis and subsequently tested positive for COVID-19. This article aims to highlight an uncommon presentation of COVID-19 and that a high index of suspicion is required for COVID-19 in older people given their greater likelihood of presenting atypically.</text>
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                <text>Gastrointestinal, older, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5020031</text>
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                <text>Geriatrics</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Geriatrics</text>
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