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                <text>Budapest University of Technology</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.49</text>
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                <text>Budapest University of Technology</text>
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                <text>On COVID-19 diffusion in Italy: data analysis and possible outcome / О распространении заболевания COVID-19 в Италии:  анализ данных и возможный исход / O difuziji COVID-19 u Italiji - analiza podataka i mogući ishod</text>
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                <text>Introduction/purpose: At the end of 2019, the Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) was identified first in the Hubei province of China and then itspread over the world causing the coronavirus pandemic. The virus hasgiven very different outcomes in different countries up to day - at the timeof writing, Italy has a record number of deaths caused by coronavirus(Google, 2020).Methods: A mathematical model is applied to describe the behavior ofnumber of cases with respect to time, the obtained data is compared andsome predictions given.Results: The model chosen to represent the evolution of the spread of thedisease allows making some projections for the future.Conclusions: Sound projections could be created with accurate numbersprovided the current situation is not perturbed by other external influences. / Введение/цель: В конце 2019 года Коронавирусная инфекция(COVID-19) первоначально была обнаружена в китайской провинцииХубэй, а затем распространилась по всему миру, вызвав пандемиюкоронавируса. Вирус проявлялся в разных странах по-разному, насегодняшний день, пока мы пишем данную статью, в Италиизарегистрировано рекордное количество умерших откоронавируса (Google, 2020).Методы: Вышеописанная прикладная математическая модель,фиксирует поведенческие особенности случаев в отношениивремени, выполнено сравнение с полученными данными и приведенпрогноз на будущее. Результаты: Данная модель представляет эволюцию расширениязаболевания, и дает возможность создать соответствующиеусловия в будущем.Выводы: Звуковые проекции могут дать точные числа, но толькопри условии, если текущая ситуация не будет нарушена другимивнешними воздействиями. / Uvod/cilj: Krajem 2019. godine, infekcija koronavirusom (COVID19) identifikovana je najpre u kineskoj provinciji Hubei, a zatim se proširila po svetu uzrokujući pandemiju. Različit je broj zaraženih ovim virusom u zemljama širom sveta. U trenutku pisanja ovog teksta u Italiji je zabeležen najveći broj smrtnih ishoda prouzrokovanih koronavirusom (Google, 2020). Metode: Primenjen je matematički model koji opisuje karakteristike broja slučajeva u odnosu na vreme. Izvršeno je poređenje sa dobijenim podacima i prognoziran dalji tok obolevanja od infekcije koronavirusom. Rezultati: Ovaj model, koji predstavlja evoluciju širenja bolesti, omogućava da se izvrše određena predviđanja širenja koronavirusa u budućnosti. Zaključci: Pouzdano se mogu predvideti tačne brojke broja umrlih i inficiranih pod uslovom da se na trenutnu situaciju ne odraze drugi spoljni uticaji.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg68-25948</text>
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                <text>Vojnotehnički Glasnik</text>
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                <text>University of Defence in Belgrade</text>
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                <text>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated first case was reported in December 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world. During this period, it is emphasized that the special requirements for any ophthalmological examination should be fulfilled. An important issue for retina clinics is the intravitreal injection application. Procrastination is possible in all intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF, steroid), and a 2-3-month delay may not be a major problem for some diagnoses. However, in some patients, the result of delayed injection may be more severe. Additionally, for procedures requiring physical proximity, such as intravitreal injections and emergency surgeries, it is important to take additional precautions for COVID-19. Another issue is the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine during the COVID-19 outbreak. The toxic cumulative drug dose of drugs is much more than the recommended dose for COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 &lt;i&gt;Pandemic during the Time of the &lt;/i&gt;Diabetes Pandemic: Likely Fraternal Twins?</text>
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                <text>Shelley A. Cole, Hugo A Laviada-Molina, Raul A Bastarrachea, Ernesto Rodriguez-Ayala, Jeannette  M. Serres-Perales</text>
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                <text>An altered immune response to pathogens has been suggested to explain increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in patients with diabetes. Recent evidence has documented several immunometabolic pathways in patients with diabetes directly related to the COVID-19 infection. This also seems to be the case for prediabetic subjects with proinflammatory insulin resistance syndrome accompanied with prothrombotic hyperinsulinemic and dysglycemic states. Patients with frank hyperglycemia, dysglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia develop systemic immunometabolic inflammation with higher levels of circulating cytokines. This deleterious scenario has been proposed as the underlying mechanism enhancing a cytokine storm-like hyperinflammatory state in diabetics infected with severe COVID-19 triggering multi-organ failure. Compared with moderately affected COVID-19 patients, diabetes was found to be highly prevalent among severely affected patients suggesting that this non-communicable disease should be considered as a risk factor for adverse outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic mirrors with the diabetes pandemic in many pathobiological aspects. Our interest is to emphasize the ties between the immunoinflammatory mechanisms that underlie the morbidity and lethality when COVID-19 meets diabetes. This review brings attention to two pathologies of highly complex, multifactorial, developmental and environmentally dependent manifestations of critical importance to human survival. Extreme caution should be taken with diabetics with suspected symptoms of COVID-19 infection.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>inflammation, Diabetes, Cytokine storm, adipose tissue dysfunction, GEMM family study, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050389</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Emergency tracheostomy protocols in Coltea Clinical Hospital in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25755">
                <text>Bogdan POPESCU, Șerban Vifor Gabriel BERTEȘTEANU, Răzvan SCĂUNAȘU, Cristian Bălălău, Irina Doinița Oașă, Maria Domuța, Felicia Manole, Alina Lavinia Antoaneta Oancea</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 there has been an array have studies regarding otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeons considering the exceptionally high risk of exposure. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the current practice in an oncology ENT Department, which ensures health care services for upper aero digestive tract cancer patients. It is of outmost importance that all the health care providers are aware of good clinical practice recommendations and training, according to the current guidelines that needs to be performed as often as possible, so that the implementation of the institution specific guidelines to be optimal. Performing a tracheostomy for an ENT emergency in a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 disease requires preparation from the health care provider so, after reviewing the international literature, we have elaborated a protocol and guidelines in Colțea Clinical Hospital to ensure the possibility of performing emergency surgical interventions for oncology patients. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 is mandatory prior to surgery since opening the trachea and operating on the upper respiratory tract leads to aerosol particles that can infect the surrounding environment and health care providers. Limitations are predictable as long as health care systems are being under tremendous pressure from the general condition and by patients with life threatening disease.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Surgery, aerosol, upper respiratory tract, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.25083/2559.5555/5.1/34.38</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25760">
                <text>Journal of Clinical and Investigative Surgery</text>
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                <text>Digital ProScholar Media</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Sweden Backcasting, Now?—Strategic Planning for Covid-19 Mitigation in a Liberal Democracy</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25764">
                <text>Jouni Korhonen, Birk Granberg</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sweden is applying the herd-immunity as its main natural science strategy to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. This has been communicated in a transparent manner. Small groups of young(er) people of up to approximately 50 individuals are subject to a bigger risk of infection than others. The objective of this paper is to make a case for the argument, that alongside herd-immunity, Sweden is using the social science originated planning approach: backcasting. The government has not been transparent on backcasting. The authors present the use of backcasting only as an argument based on available data and authors’ reasoning. A backcasting exercise for the case of the Swedish economy is constructed. This frame outlines five interdependent levels with which a national economy can apply what this paper calls a backcasting herd-immunity approach in its COVID-19 policy. The authors further suggest how it is possible to use social science, natural science and political ideology as complementary in COVID-19 mitigation in particular and in sustainability strategies in general.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25766">
                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>transdisciplinary research, herd immunity, backcasting, circular economy, political ideology</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25768">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/su12104138</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25769">
                <text>Sustainability</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25770">
                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25771">
                <text>Environmental sciences, Renewable energy sources, Environmental effects of industries and plants</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Fellowship of the Australian College of Rural &amp; Remote Medicine (FACRRM) Assessment: a review of the first 12 years</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25773">
                <text>David Rosenthal, David Campbell, Tarun Sen Gupta, Alan Bruce Chater, Lynn Saul, Karen Connaughton, Marita Cowie</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This paper provides an overview of the first 12 years of the formal assessment program of the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine (ACRRM). The ACRRM Fellowship represents the world's first and only Fellowship exam in Rural Medicine.The ACRRM assessment program is mapped to its Rural Generalist curriculum, based on the principles of programmatic assessment. ACRRM offers candidates the opportunity to participate in assessment in or close to their home location. The ACRRM Rural Generalist Curriculum defines the scope and standards for independent general practice anywhere in Australia, with a focus on rural and remote settings.The program was initially developed in 2006 and has evolved during delivery from 2008 onwards, utilising the following modalities:	Multi Source Feedback (MSF)	Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)	Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX)	Case Based Discussion (CBD)	Procedural Skills Logbook	Structured Assessment using Multiple Patient Scenarios (StAMPS)StAMPS is a unique examination, blending the formats of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination and a traditional viva voc&amp;egrave;.The program has an emphasis on formative assessment. Over the past 12 years there has been considerable work in developing resources for candidates, governance structures and quality assurance processes.ACRRM's Fellowship requirements represent a customised bespoke assessment tailored to ACRRM's curriculum and the Australian rural and remote context. ACRRM's assessment program has grown substantially with 649 Fellowships being awarded from 2008 - 2019, with considerable experience gained in rural and remote assessment. It now represents a mature firmly-established process as a vocational endpoint in Rural and Remote Medicine.ACRRM has continued to offer its 'tele-assessment' program throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, with candidates and examiners participating in assessment by use of distance technology while remaining in or near their home community. This model may provide some insights for other medical Colleges and educational institutions facing challenges in the current environment.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25775">
                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25776">
                <text>Certification, assessment, Rural medicine, Teleassessment, licensing exam</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25777">
                <text>DOI: </text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25778">
                <text>MedEdPublish</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25779">
                <text>Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Special aspects of education, Medicine</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>COVID-19: Impact on health of people &amp; wealth of nations</text>
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                <text>Prakash N Tandon</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_664_20</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25785">
                <text>Indian Journal of Medical Research</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="25786">
                <text>Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020</text>
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                <text>Raman R. Gangakhedkar, Balram Bhargava, Manoj Murhekar, Sidhartha Giri, Himanshu Chauhan, Ira Praharaj, Nivedita Gupta, Tarun Bhatnagar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Sanket Kulkarni, Sujeet Singh, ICMR COVID Team</text>
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                <text>Background &amp; objectives: Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARI surveillance was initiated in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in India. We describe here the positivity for COVID-19 among SARI patients and their characteristics. Methods: SARI patients admitted at 41 sentinel sites from February 15, 2020 onwards were tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, targeting E and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2. Data were extracted from Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network for analysis. Results: A total of 104 (1.8%) of the 5,911 SARI patients tested were positive for COVID-19. These cases were reported from 52 districts in 20 States/Union Territories. The COVID-19 positivity was higher among males and patients aged above 50 years. In all, 40 (39.2%) COVID-19 cases did not report any history of contact with a known case or international travel. Interpretation &amp; conclusions: COVID-19 containment activities need to be targeted in districts reporting COVID-19 cases among SARI patients. Intensifying sentinel surveillance for COVID-19 among SARI patients may be an efficient tool to effectively use resources towards containment and mitigation efforts.</text>
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                <text>containment - covid-19 - sari - sentinel - surveillance</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1035_20</text>
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                <text>Indian Journal of Medical Research</text>
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                <text>Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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