282 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/f31d9bf93783ab8b84c5e67e6eb4a635.pdf 72f9ae4303c43f2b923d8753ec7db60e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Domicílios rurais do Território Zona Sul: condições de vida e percepções Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camila Horst Toigo, Marcelo Antonio Conterato, Paulo Dabdab Waquil Description An account of the resource O objetivo do artigo foi verificar, a partir da análise do Índice de Condição de Vida, se as percepções sobre as condições de vida entre os domicílios rurais com produção (familiar e não familiar) e os domicílios sem produção diferiam estatisticamente. Para tanto, foram realizados testes de comparação de médias (teste T) em que a hipótese nula referia-se a igualdade de médias, ou seja, igualdade nas percepções, e a hipótese não nula, o oposto. Os resultados apontaram que houve diferença nas percepções das condições de vida entre os domicílios com produção agropecuária e sem produção, isto é, aceitou-se a hipótese não nula. Porém, entre os domicílios de agricultura familiar e não familiar, a hipótese nula foi aceita. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.36920/esa-v25n1-2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Agriculture (General), Agricultural industries, Land use Relation A related resource <a href="https://revistaesa.com/ojs/index.php/esa/article/view/785" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://revistaesa.com/ojs/index.php/esa/article/view/785</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/ab2ea6eb81dae2e30d4dc4f09d2547ce.pdf 0e22d2b629a58ba6057f8ca85679b0bd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Qualidade microbiológica de plantas medicinais cultivadas e comercializadas em Montes Claros, MG Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camila Karen Reis Barbosa, João Paulo Ramos Costa, Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim, Anna Christina Almeida, Ernane Ronie Martins Description An account of the resource Objetivou-se, através deste trabalho, investigar a contaminação microbiológica de plantas medicinais comercializadas em Montes Claros – MG e ainda, comparar a contaminação microbiológica entre plantas eretas e rasteiras, pilosas e glabras. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Microbiologia do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, campus Montes Claros. As plantas foram adquiridas de vários pontos comerciais e de cultivo orgânico da cidade. Foram avaliadas contaminações por coliformes fecais, bolores e leveduras, pelo método descrito em APHA (1992). Os resultados indicaram que 72,3% das amostras avaliadas de plantas comercializadas nos mercados de Montes Claros apresentaram contaminações fúngicas. Destas, 100% das plantas rasteiras avaliadas apresentaram o mesmo tipo de contaminação, assim como 57% das plantas colhidas em cultivos orgânicos contaminadas eram pilosas. No entanto, na determinação de coliformes fecais, todas as amostras apresentaram contaminações inferiores ao limite máximo estabelecido. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Subject The topic of the resource Botánica, Plantas medicinais, qualidade microbiológica Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.5007/2175-7925.2010v23n1p77 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biotemas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General), Science Relation A related resource <a href="https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/biotemas/article/view/18909" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/biotemas/article/view/18909</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/ce64225926528982256d34525b9eae5e.pdf f0a58a2d52d715905ac1f8d6e0316671 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura familiar, gênero e dinâmicas sociais: um estudo sobre a construção territorial do assentamento Nova Lagoa Rica Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camila Marques Viana Silva, Ana Lúcia Eduardo Farah Valente Description An account of the resource Este estudo se refere à análise da experiência de mulheres que buscam, por meio da Associação de Mulheres do Projeto de Assentamento Nova Lagoa Rica (Ampal), no município de Paracatu (MG), um protagonismo no espaço produtivo da agricultura familiar, e de como a questão de gênero se insere no processo de construção territorial desse assentamento, procurando iluminar algumas dimensões da vida comunitária. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2006 e se apoiou na perspectiva técnico-metodológica da Antropologia, que tem como linhas condutoras a exigência do trabalho de campo e o estudo de caso. Os resultados revelam que as práticas que resultam na assimetria das relações entre homens e mulheres continuam sendo reproduzidas no âmbito da agricultura familiar, o que não contribui para a diminuição das desigualdades no campo. Porém, revelam que há um movimento de recusa por parte das agricultoras que, por meio da ação coletiva, têm dado início a um processo emancipatório que as levam a tomar consciência de suas próprias necessidades. Essa análise ainda permite que sejam tecidas algumas considerações a respeito das políticas públicas de apoio à agricultura familiar com recorte de gênero. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Agricultura Familiar, Gênero, Políticas Públicas, Reforma agrária, abordagem territorial Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1590/S0103-20032013000200010 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Agriculture (General) Relation A related resource <a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0103-20032013000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0103-20032013000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1e726a783f2c49737baf86d0ab3d84f2.pdf 1266bcc4727d66efd8472090136b65be Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource El rol de los gobiernos locales en la gobernanza de protección de humedales. El caso del Humedal de Pichicuy, Chile Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camila Muñoz-Lobos, Alexis Vásquez, Erika Cortés-Donoso Description An account of the resource Los humedales son ecosistemas que están desapareciendo, principalmente, a causa de la actividad urbana, industrial y de su vulnerabilidad ante los efectos del cambio climático. En Chile se han generado normativas e iniciativas para su protección, las que están condicionadas por las influencias, intereses e interrelaciones de los actores involucrados en el sistema de gobernanza. Esta investigación analizó el caso del humedal de la localidad de Pichicuy, actualmente administrado por la Municipalidad de La Ligua, e indagó en el rol de los gobiernos locales en la gobernanza para la protección de humedales considerando la participación de la red de actores de diferentes esferas y escalas territoriales. Se utilizaron, para tal labor, métodos mixtos de investigación social, analizando las influencias, intereses, tipos de relación y medidas de centralidad a partir del Análisis de Redes Sociales y la plataforma UCINET 6. El gobierno local de La Ligua desempeña, a través de su Departamento de Medio Ambiente, roles relevantes en la gobernanza para la protección del humedal: (1) propiciando apoyo político para gestionar e implementar acciones sobre el humedal; (2) actuando como intermediario entre los actores de diferentes esferas de la sociedad; y (3) liderando alianzas con actores de escalas superiores. Estos roles se robustecen por el apoyo y recursos proporcionados por los actores de la red con alto interés e influencia en la protección del humedal. No obstante, existen desafíos en la dinámica municipal, entre ellos, la necesidad de atraer e involucrar más fuertemente al Concejo Municipal, ya que tiene una alta influencia en las decisiones del gobierno local. Es relevante fortalecer la gobernanza para la protección de humedales en localidades pequeñas y rurales, para lo cual el gobierno local debe jugar un rol muy importante, por ejemplo, mediante el reconocimiento institucional del humedal y facilitando la participación de actores de escala local. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Gestión municipal, Humedales, Protección, actores sociales, gobernanza Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.22320/07183607.2020.23.42.08 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Urbano Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidad del Bío-Bío Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, Architecture Relation A related resource <a href="http://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/RU/article/view/4189" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/RU/article/view/4189</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/380b7a01da43dbc9843ae27bcdcc51cc.pdf 32f008179956418a5501ef5b1db2a0bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource FIRST APPROACH TO THE TROPHIC ECOLOGY AND DIET OF THE RAINBOW RUNNER, Elagatis bipinnulata (QUOY & GAIMARD, 1825) (PISCES: CARANGIDAE), IN THE CENTRAL COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camila Posada, Camilo Bernardo García Ramírez Description An account of the resource The rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata) scores high in trophic level (4.24) but it is not a voracious fish (Q/B = 10.8). Its diet is dominated by the dwarf herring (Jenkinsia lamprotaenia), eats more in the dry season, than in the rainy season and significantly more in the afternoon that in the morning suggesting preference for daylight feeding.  Primera aproximación a la ecología trófica del salmón, Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy y Gaimard, 1825) (Pisces: Carangidae), en el Caribe central colombiano El salmón (Elagatis bipinnulata) marca alto en nivel trófico (4,24) pero no es un pez voraz (Q/B = 10,8). Su dieta está dominada por la sardina enana (Jenkinsia lamprotaenia), come más en la época seca que en la época de lluvia y come significativamente más en la tarde que en la mañana, lo cual sugiere preferencia por la alimentación diurna. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.15446/abc.v19n2.41294 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Acta Biológica Colombiana Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidad Nacional de Colombia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General) Relation A related resource <a href="https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/article/view/41294" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/article/view/41294</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/dbaa7ab6815676fdd3fd87282b52ea42.pdf 6d3e4fdb96103febe442c37a0bb6969a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura familiar no norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: identificação de manejo tradicional / Family farm in north of Rio de Janeiro state: identification of traditional management Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camilah Antunes Zappes, Raquel da Silva Paes Description An account of the resource O objetivo deste estudo é descrever técnicas utilizadas na agricultura familiar e identificar a ocorrência de um possível manejo tradicional na atividade praticada no distrito do Açu, São João da Barra, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para a coleta das informações foram realizadas 50 entrevistas etnográficas com agricultores familiares por meio de questionários semiestruturados contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas, observação participante e diário de campo. Os agricultores são em sua maioria do sexo masculino com baixa escolaridade. O conhecimento tradicional sobre a agricultura é ensinado principalmente dentro do núcleo familiar. Para a agricultura familiar podem ser utilizadas ferramentas manuais e maquinário pesado. Para incremento de nutrientes no solo são utilizadas adubação química e orgânica e lodo de cana de açúcar. A irrigação ocorre por meio de poços artesianos/bomba elétrica/mangueira pressurizada e aspersão convencional. Para descanso do solo e melhor produção das lavouras são aplicadas rotação de culturas e pousio de áreas sendo estas caracterizadas como manejo tradicional na região. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Subject The topic of the resource Norte do Rio de Janeiro, Uso do Solo, conhecimento tradicional, pequeno agricultor Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Revista Sociedade & Natureza Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Editora da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Environmental sciences, Social sciences (General) Relation A related resource <a href="http://www.seer.ufu.br/index.php/sociedadenatureza/article/view/34512" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.seer.ufu.br/index.php/sociedadenatureza/article/view/34512</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1d46f43df3719a04010188aa68654261.pdf 4f8c20ca0cf216150e441adbe814b000 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Screening of antigenemia and isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii from cloaca and crop of birds in the state of Paraná, Brazil Antigenemia e tentativa de isolamento de Cryptococcus neoformans e C. gattii a partir da cloaca e inglúvio de aves no Estado do Paraná Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camile Lugarini, Larissa A.Z. Condas, Grazielle C.G. Soresini, Renata C.F. Santos, Marisol D. Muro, Margaret Ono, Marconi R. Farias, Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira Description An account of the resource Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are associated with dry bird excreta but rarely recovered from birds' digestive tract. The objective of the present study was (1) to verify the existence of C. neoformans and C. gattii in crop and cloaca of wildlife and captivity birds hypothesizing about a possible primary source of this yeast in the excreta, and (2) to determine the fungi's invasive capability in avian species through latex agglutination. For that purpose, 172 cloacal and 77 crop samples of domestic pigeon, Passerine, and Psittacine birds were collected. None of these samples was positive, suggesting that the yeast is not saprobiotic in the digestive tract of these birds. Only one out of 82 serum samples collected from pigeons and Psittacine birds was positive (title 1:2) showing that Cryptococcus sp. probably has a low invasive capability in birds, and is thus considered only a dry excreta colonizer.Cryptococcus neoformans e C. gattii são frequentemente isolados de excretas de aves, entretanto ocorre pouca recuperação desse fungo a partir do trato gastrintestinal. Os objetivos desse estudo foram verificar a existência de C. neoformans e C. gattii no inglúvio e na cloaca de aves de vida livre e cativeiro, avaliando uma possível fonte primária desta levedura nas excretas e determinar a capacidade invasiva do fungo em aves por meio da aglutinação em látex. Para tanto, foram coletadas 172 amostras de cloaca e 77 de inglúvio de pombos- domésticos, Passeriformes e Psittaciformes. Nenhuma amostra se mostrou positiva, sugerindo-se que o fungo não é saprobiótico do aparelho digestório destas aves. Das 82 amostras de soro colhidas a partir de pombos-domésticos e Psittaciformes, somente uma obtida a partir de pombo-doméstico se mostrou positiva (titulação 1:2), demonstrando que Cryptococcus sp. apresenta baixa capacidade invasiva em aves, sendo, portanto, considerado somente um colonizador de excretas ressequidas. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 Subject The topic of the resource Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Ecologybirds, aves, ecología, fungo, yeast Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1590/S0100-736X2008000700004 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Veterinary medicine Relation A related resource <a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0100-736X2008000700004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0100-736X2008000700004</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/277733cf3d157abec6d40770f46b2f9c.pdf 8c7a0a2f07bb2a8a8e2e2899248bd266 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Family dynamics from the perspective of parents and children involved in domestic violence against children and adolescents La dinámica familiar en la visión de los padres y niños involucrados en violencia doméstica contra niños y adolescentes A dinâmica familiar na visão de pais e filhos envolvidos na violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camilla Soccio Martins, Maria das Graças Carvalho Ferriani, Marta Angélica Iossi Silva, Nide Regina Zahr, Kátia Michelli Bertoldi Arone, Eliana Mendes de Souza Teixeira Roque Description An account of the resource We sought, in this investigation, to understand the family dynamics in the view of parents and children involved in Domestic Violence against children and adolescents institutionalized in the Center of Assistance to the Victimized Child and Adolescent (CACAV), in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil. This is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews applied to parents and children from six families involved in domestic violence. The data were analyzed through content analysis. Ecology of human development was used as theoretical reference. Domestic violence was reported, though it is understood as common practice for the families. We identified that the parents' view favors the denial of the violence perpetrated. The children, on the other hand, point that love ties and affection are more significant for their development than blood relations. We believe that the knowledge acquired as how violence is experienced, can contribute with intervention strategies capable of breaking the perverse cycle of violent family relationships.En esta investigación, buscamos comprender la dinámica familiar para padres y hijos involucrados en Violencia Doméstica contra niños y adolescentes institucionalizados en el Centro de Atención al Niño y al Adolescente Víctima (CACAV), en Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil. El estudio es cualitativo, utilizándose entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a seis familias, entre padres y hijos involucrados en violencia doméstica. Tratamos los datos a través del análisis de contenido. Utilizamos como referencial teórico la ecología del desarrollo humano. La violencia doméstica estuvo presente en los discursos, aunque sea comprendida como práctica usual para esas familias. Identificamos que la óptica de los padres favorece la negación de la violencia perpetrada. Los niños apuntan que vínculos de amor y afección son más significativos para su desarrollo que los vínculos familiares establecidos mediante consanguinidad. Creemos que, a partir del conocimiento de como la violencia es vivida, podemos traer posibles contribuciones para pensar estrategias de intervención capaces de romper el ciclo perverso de las relaciones familiares violentas.Nesta investigação buscou-se compreender a dinâmica familiar para pais e filhos envolvidos na violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados no Centro de Atendimento à Criança e ao Adolescente Vitimizado (CACAV), na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP. O estudo é qualitativo, utilizando-se de entrevistas semi-estruturadas aplicadas a seis famílias, entre pais e filhos envolvidos na violência doméstica. Tratou-se os dados através da análise de conteúdo. Utilizou-se, como referencial teórico, a ecologia do desenvolvimento humano. A violência doméstica esteve presente nos discursos, embora seja compreendida como prática usual para essas famílias. Identificou-se que a ótica dos pais favorece a negação da violência perpetrada. Já as crianças apontam que vínculos de amor e afeição são mais significativos para seu desenvolvimento do que os vínculos familiares estabelecidos por meio de consangüinidade. Acredita-se que, a partir do conhecimento de como a violência é experienciada, pode-se trazer possíveis contribuições para se pensar estratégias de intervenção capazes de romper o ciclo perverso das relações familiares violentas. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Subject The topic of the resource Adolescent, Adolescente, Criança, Domestic violence, Family, VIOLENCIA DOMESTICA, child, familia, niño Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1590/S0104-11692007000500002 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade de São Paulo Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Nursing Relation A related resource <a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0104-11692007000500002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0104-11692007000500002</a> https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/be16f6c079341760bb6ef1079c18e5d5.pdf bced2cdc47a12a1bd39f7b881cf74bb1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Non-COVID-19 Patients Left out in the Cold Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camille Castelyn Description An account of the resource  I. Introduction Countries across the globe including the United States (US) and South Africa have recently reported a surge of non-COVID-19 related deaths.[1] As there is limited accurate and reliable data of this new problem emerging during the COVID-19 pandemic,[2]  the full extent of the problem is unknown. The lack of data makes it difficult to understand the gravity of the situation and to address it. Medical professionals are asking why these non-COVID related cases did not present at hospitals. Aside from each country’s unique demographics influencing the ability to treat pre-existing chronic diseases alongside COVID-19, resource allocation may lie at the heart of the problem.[3] The World Health Organization’s[4] declaration that COVID-19 was a pandemic on March 12, 2020 placed the fight against COVID-19 front and center in most countries across the world. Italy was one of the first countries to be hit hardest, as localized lockdowns expanded to a countrywide lockdown in a desperate attempt to stop the outbreak. In the US, the first case was confirmed on January 21, 2020.[5] Presidential actions lagged in decisiveness[6] leading to disproportionate loss of life[7] and diminishing hopes of containing the outbreak. In South Africa, swift action included a lockdown long before community spread was confirmed, [8] which slowed the initial spread of the virus. This swift response may be attributed to the fresh memories of Malaria and HIV, which remain a threat. A proactive lockdown like this does come at a price. Buying time for Emergency Departments (EDs) and medical professionals to prepare[9] meant slowing the economy to a halt. In different countries across the world, healthcare was accessible to varying degrees prior to the pandemic. In South Africa, the healthcare system is severely strained[10] in comparison to nations like the US. A non-COVID-19 patient’s ability to access healthcare during this time has been limited. For example, routine child vaccinations have been disrupted,[11] critical delivery of anti-retroviral drugs for HIV treatment has been disrupted, non-elective surgeries have been suspended, cancer patients have been receiving limited treatment,[12] and mothers have had limited labor and delivery care.[13] While these disruptions occur in other nations as well, countries with more robust healthcare systems may be able to bear the brunt of this burden more successfully than nations like South Africa.  These disruptions are not trivial and add pressure on healthcare systems in both the short and long run. 2.     Status quo of Resource Allocation Re-evaluated The status quo of resource allocation both within and outside a clinical setting in this pandemic prioritizes COVID-19 tacitly and overtly. If two patients of equal need and prognosis arrive at an ED, it is more likely that the patient with COVID-19 symptoms will be treated first, or at the very least be transferred to a separate room or hospital section. Furthermore, non-COVID-19 patients have avoided EDs due to fear of contracting COVID-19.[14] Up until now, most people would argue that this is a necessary sacrifice to mitigate the impact of COVID-19. However, increased deaths of non-COVID-19 patients have brought a re-evaluation of the current status quo. This re-evaluation is further complicated by a global shortage of medical staff and medical equipment (including PPE and ventilators). Many ethical frameworks and guidelines have been issued to help navigate these uncharted waters of pandemic ethics in the 21st century.[15] All of these frameworks inevitably have underlying value judgements and prevalent ethical principles that guide resource allocation. These principles can be divided into four categories – maximizing total benefits, treating people equally, promoting and rewarding social usefulness, and favoring those that are worst off.[16] Prioritizing COVID-19 patients in a pandemic maximizes total benefits for all in a pandemic situation.[17] However, this approach has also led to people dying at home from conditions that could have been effectively treated in a hospital setting. Maximizing total benefits is a utilitarian approach.  However, the tension between providing the best possible care and respecting an individual’s autonomy, while also saving the greatest number of lives, has once again been re-evaluated.[18] Often, pandemic ethics single out one principle, such as utilitarianism; however, this has proven to be detrimental. Consequently, there is a shift toward utilizing multi-principle allocation systems. In the past, a multi-principle allocation system as described by Persad et al., has ensured distributive justice when applied to scarce medical interventions on allocation of organs and vaccines.[19] In these instances, choosing only one of the principles, such as youngest first or  favoring those with the best prognosis or those who are worst-off, may favor a certain group of people at the cost of another. This is inefficient if we consider the concept of distributive justice as first described by John Rawls.[20] Rawls described the veil of ignorance, where in order for one to gauge whether decisions are adequate, one must conduct a thought experiment from behind the veil of ignorance. For example, if you choose to prioritize those who are youngest first, without knowing whether the person standing behind the veil is young or old, your decision should be fair to whoever is behind the veil. Amid COVID-19, a multi-principle approach would address the moral complexities of these perplexing decisions better than a one principled approach such as maximizing the most lives. It would take into account numerous principles even though they may seem to be in tension with one another. This would include socio-economic factors as well, while aiming to treat people equitably and also taking into account those who are worst off. Opposing critics might argue that saving the most lives, with specific reference to triage protocols, is the only way to enable healthcare workers to make fast and efficient decisions in hospital settings. These approaches do have their rightful place in resource allocation. However, this article makes a plea toward the complexities of pandemic ethics that should be factored in.  3.     Drawing on Past Experiences South Africa and other African countries have experienced other severe infectious disease outbreaks such as AIDS and Ebola, an extremely valuable occurrence that should be drawn upon.[21] For example, allocating scarce resources amid outbreaks of Ebola  trained medical professionals to act efficiently and intuitively. Ebola and HIV also sparked innovation and identification of creative uses for available resources. South Africa has been grappling with the HIV crisis for 20 years. It has vast experience in tracking and studying viruses. Furthermore, a lot of specialized research has been done for the past 15 years to study people’s immune responses to HIV.[22] Technologies are being repurposed to investigate what immune responses can be expected from patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.[23] South Africa is also well suited for vaccine trials as it has been a major contributor of sites for internationally funded clinical trials. Consequently, a landmark COVID-19 treatment trial has already been lined up. [24] In West Africa, surveillance techniques that were developed for the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak, which infected 28,000 people and killed 11,000 people in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, are now being deployed in the fight against COVID-19.[25] [26] Across the continent, lessons learned include the critical importance of adequate respect for culture, appropriate community engagement and education, vigilance in reports of symptoms, and leveraging past research and laboratory capacities for testing and clinical vaccine trials. 4.     Limitation to This Approach and Proposed Interventions   Already strained healthcare systems may risk great losses in regarding the overall health of the population if the limited care that has been offered before this pandemic is jeopardized.  For example, the disruption of anti-retroviral treatments has serious consequences for the patients due to the high mutation rate of HIV, which makes the treatment plan time sensitive.  Other examples include many homeless people who are on methadone treatment, who at the moment are still receiving mobile delivery of their treatments. If there were complications in delivering these medications, we could see many people with extreme symptoms of withdrawal and great setbacks for people wanting to ‘come clean.’ Cancer patients also report that they find themselves having to decide whether they are willing to risk contracting COVID-19 when going in for routine treatments or skipping treatments now and risking cancer later. Interventions, including telemedicine, should be prioritized. Although there may also be unique challenges of exposure to healthcare professionals upon home visits, these risks must be evaluated and mitigated to ensure continuation of care. Some hospitals in the US are currently evaluating the impact and effectiveness of current telemedicine approaches. Midwives and other healthcare workers should also be trained adequately and dispersed to deliver care at home. Furthermore, this challenging time may also serve as an impetus for all stakeholders to prioritize improving healthcare delivery for all, albeit through seemingly unrelated victories, such as adequately communicating and educating local communities on basic healthcare or delivering basic sanitary services like running water and improved infrastructure. 5.     Conclusion The very nature of pandemic ethics provides unforeseen challenges such as the one that has been described here. A multi-principle approach, which also draws on past experiences, will empower all global stakeholders (governments, leaders, patients and medical professionals alike) to make choices that enable equitable resource allocation.   Photo by Benjamin Voros on Unsplash [1] Krumholz, Harlan. 2020. “Where Have All the Heart Attacks Gone?,” April 6, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/well/live/coronavirus-doctors-hospitals-emergency-care-heart-attack stroke.html?algo=identity&fellback=false&imp_id=450663239&imp_id=67343380&action=click&module=Science%20%20Technology&pgtype=Homepage. Walsh, James D. 2020. “The Mystery of ‘Excess Fatality.’” Intelligencer, April. https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/04/coronavirus-is-only-part-of-the-excess-fatality-mystery.html. [2] Gillum, Jack, Lisa Song, and Jeff Kao. 2020. “There’s Been a Spike in People Dying at Home in Several Cities. That Suggests Coronavirus Deaths Are Higher Than Reported.” ProPublica, April 14, 2020. https://www.propublica.org/article/theres-been-a-spike-in-people-dying-at-home-in-several-cities-that-suggests-coronavirus-deaths-are-higher-than-reported. [3] Bettina Taylor, Jeannette Parkes, and Johannes J Fagan, “How Should Health Resource Allocation Be Applied during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa?,” South African Medical Journal (Online), May 20, 2020, https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2020. v110i7.14916. [4] World Health Organization. 2020. “Rolling Updates on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19),” April 28, 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen. [5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. “Coronavirus Disease 2019: Cas in US,” February 5, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html. [6] Larry Buchanan, Rebecca KK Lai, and Allison McCann, “U.S. Lags in Coronavirus Testing After Slow Response to Outbreak,” The New York Times (Online), March 17, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/17/us/coronavirus-testing-data.html. [7] John Eligon et al., “Black Americans Face Alarming Rates of Coronavirus Infection in Some States,” The New York Times (Online), April 14, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/us/coronavirus-race.html. [8] Cyril Ramaphosa, “Message by President Cyril Ramaphosa on COVID-19 Pandemic 30 March,” March 30, 2020, http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/speeches/message-president-cyril-ramaphosa-covid-19-pandemic; Cyril Ramaphosa, “Message by President Cyril Ramaphosa on COVID-19 Pandemic 9 April,” April 9, 2020, http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/speeches/message-president-cyril-ramaphosa-covid-19-pandemic-0. [9] Road accident fatalities over the Easter weekend decreased from 128 people in 2019 to 28 in 2020 (Saleka 2020). Emergency Departments (ED) were also eerily quiet - decreasing from 34 000 cases per week to 12 000 cases per week. BBC. 2020. “South Africa Coronavirus Lockdown: Is the Alcohol Ban Working?,” April 22, 2020. Saleka, Ntwaagae. 2020. “28 Died in Accidents during the Easter Weekend, While 719 Arrested for Traffic Violations.” News24, April 17, 2020. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/28-died-in-accidents-during-the-easter-weekend-while-719-arrested-for-traffic-violations-20200417. [10] N Aikman, “The Crisis within the South African Healthcare System: A Multifactorial Disorder,” South African Journal of Bioethics and Law 12, no. 2 (n.d.): 52–56. [11] UNICEF. 2020. “COVID-19 Putting Routine Childhood Immunization in Danger: UN Health Agency.” United Nations News, April. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1062712. [12] Vanderpuye, Verna, Moawia Mohammed, Ali Elhassan, and Hannah Simmonds. 2020. “Preparedness for COVID-19 in the Oncology Community in Africa,” April. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1470-2045(20)30220-5. [13] Menconi, Michael. 2020. “NY Hospitals Issue Problematic Ban on Birthing Support Persons from Labor & Delivery Units.” Voices in Bioethics, March. http://www.voicesinbioethics.net/voices-in-bioethics/2020/3/28/ny-hospitals-issue-problematic-ban-on-birthing-support-persons-from-labor-amp-delivery-units. [14] Krumholz, Harlan. 2020. “Where Have All the Heart Attacks Gone?,” April 6, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/well/live/coronavirus-doctors-hospitals-emergency-care-heart-attack stroke.html?algo=identity&fellback=false&imp_id=450663239&imp_id=67343380&action=click&module=Science%20%20Technology&pgtype=Homepage. [15] The South African Medical Association. 2020. “SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Guidance for Managing Ethical Issues (Living Document).” The South African Medical Association. Wisner, Benjamin, John Adams, and World Health Organization, eds. 2002. “Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disasters: A Practical Guide.” World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42561/9241545410_eng.pdf?sequence=1. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. 2020. “Rapid Policy Briefing: Ethical Considerations in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Rapid Policy. London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics. https://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/assets/pdfs/Ethical-considerations-in-responding-to-the-COVID-19-pandemic.pdf. Berlinger, Nancy, Matthew Wynia, Tia Powell, Micah Hester, Aimee Milliken, Rachel Fabi, Felicia Cohn, et al. 2020. “Ethical Framework for Health Care Institutions Responding to Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Guidelines for Institutional Ethics Services Responding to COVID-19 Managing Uncertainty, Safeguarding Communities, Guiding Practice.” The Hastings Center. thehastingscenter.org/ethicalframeworkcovid19. [16] Persad, G, Alan Wertheimer, and Ezekiel J Emanuel. 2009. “Principles for Allocation of Scarce Medical Interventions.” Lancet 373: 423–31. [17] Ibid. [18] Dale, Samuel. 2020. “Utilitarianism in Crisis.” Voices in Bioethics, August. http://www.voicesinbioethics.net/voices-in-bioethics/2020/5/8/utilitarianism-in-crisis. [19] G Persad, Alan Wertheimer, and Ezekiel J Emanuel, “Principles for Allocation of Scarce Medical Interventions,” Lancet 373 (2009): 423–31. [20] John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999). [21] MM Kavanagh et al., “Access to Lifesaving Medical Resources for African Countries: COVID-19 Testing and Response, Ethics, and Politics,” The Lancet, July 5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)31093-X. [22] Sarah Wild, “How HIV Expertise Is Helping South Africa Tackle Coronavirus,” The World Economic Forum, September 4, 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/south-africa-hiv-coronavirus-covid19-pandemic-health-virus. [23] Wild. [24] Wild. [25] Medecins sans frontiers, “Crisis Update - May 2020,” Medecins sans Frontiers, May 18, 2020, https://www.msf.org/drc-ebola-outbreak-crisis-update. [26] Medecins sans frontiers, “Crisis Update - May 2020,” Medecins sans Frontiers, May 18, 2020, https://www.msf.org/drc-ebola-outbreak-crisis-update.   Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Public health, covid-19, Bioethics, scarcity, global ethics, emergency ethics Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.7916/vib.v6i.6198 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ethics, Medical philosophy. Medical ethics https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/ca583c4ddeeaedff28a10f7231241689.pdf 4cc4449ecd2434894fc174061f6f5b88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource TRANSGÉNICOS, ALERTA NARANJA EN LOS ALIMENTOS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camilo Alviar F. Description An account of the resource La ingeniería genética en el área de la agricultura, y más concretamente de la producción de alimentos, desde hace varias décadas está modificando la estructura genética de origen para dar lugar a las superplantas, a los supercultivos. La obtención de los transgénicos responde a intereses comerciales y mercantilistas y no a una respuesta para el campesino ni para el medio ambiente ni para el consumidor. Al consumidor se le está negando una información vital cuando no se le suministra información visible y medianamente comprobable para que tenga la posibilidad de elegir cómo alimentarse. Los organismos modificados genéticamente (OMG) pueden representar peligros muy grandes para el planeta. Actualmente, los cultivos transgénicos han incrementado las áreas productivas en forma exponencial, y están prácticamente en todo el orbe. Y aunque las áreas de agricultura orgánica, limpia, y sostenible han aumentado enormemente con resultados positivos demostrados contundentemente, la proporción con respecto a los transgénicos coloca a la humanidad en serios riesgos. Para los recursos naturales no es menos crítica la situación, ya que se han podido demostrar categóricamente las consecuencias negativas con estudios serios y de varios años. El agua, el suelo, la biodiversidad como un todo está en peligro, pues los organismos alterados están provocando la extinción de plantas nativas, de plantas promisorias: el germoplasma silvestre está siendo atacado en forma frontal. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hallazgos Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidad Santo Tomás Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences, Social sciences (General) Relation A related resource <a href="http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=413835162011" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=413835162011</a>