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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infection</text>
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                <text>Vandana Midha, Jyoti Jindal, Rishu Bhanot</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Viral diseases continue to emerge and represent a serious issue to public health. Since viral transmission occurs through respiratory droplets, most patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly have respiratory tract involvement. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to symptomatic with mild, moderate, and severe degrees of illnesses. There are no specific clinical features that can yet reliably distinguish COVID-19 from other viral respiratory infections. Unexplained worsening of underlying chronic illnesses and comorbidities should raise the suspicion of COVID-19. Beyond the life-threatening pulmonary complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the widespread organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being appreciated. Given that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for the SARS-CoV-2, is expressed in multiple extrapulmonary tissues and that all might contribute to these extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, here we review the pulmonary and extrapulmonary presentations for patients with COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, dyspnea, viral, respiratory, case, cough</text>
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                <text>10.1055/s-0040-1717046</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Surgery</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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                <text>Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series</text>
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                <text>Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Parnian Jamshidi, Saba Hasanzadeh, Azin Tahvildari, Yeganeh Farsi, Mahta Arbabi, Tess Moore Calcagno</text>
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                <text>Introduction: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared a public health emergency worldwide. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize the clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics of hospitalized patients presenting with COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a structured search using PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science to collect both case reports and case series on COVID-19 published up to April 24, 2020. There were no restrictions regarding publication language.Results: Eighty articles were included analyzing a total of 417 patients with a mean age of 48 years. The most common presenting symptom in patients who tested positive for COVID-19 was fever, reported in up to 62% of patients from 82% of the analyzed studies. Other symptoms including rhinorrhea, dizziness, and chills were less frequently reported. Additionally, in studies that reported C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements, a large majority of patients displayed an elevated CRP (60%). Progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most common complication of patients testing positive for COVID-19 (21%). CT images displayed ground-glass opacification (GGO) patterns (80%) as well as bilateral lung involvement (69%). The most commonly used antiviral treatment modalities included, lopinavir (HIV protease inhibitor), arbidiol hydrochloride (influenza fusion inhibitor), and oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitor).Conclusions: Development of ARDS may play a role in estimating disease progression and mortality risk. Early detection of elevations in serum CRP, combined with a clinical COVID-19 symptom presentation may be used as a surrogate marker for the presence and severity of the disease. There is a paucity of data surrounding the efficacy of treatments. There is currently not a well-established gold standard therapy for the treatment of diagnosed COVID-19. Further prospective investigations are necessary.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>diagnosis, treatment, systematic review, clinical characteristics, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00231</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Medicine</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22674">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Clinical impact of pharmacist-led antibiotic stewardship programs in outpatient settings in the United States: A scoping review.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57740">
                <text>James St Louis, Arinze Nkemdirim Okere</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. To provide an overview of the impact of pharmacist interventions on antibiotic prescribing and the resultant clinical outcomes in an outpatient antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) in the United States. Reports on studies of pharmacist-led ASP interventions implemented in US outpatient settings published from January 2000 to November 2020 and indexed in PubMed or Google Scholar were included. Additionally, studies documented at the ClinicalTrials.gov website were evaluated. Study selection was based on predetermined inclusion criteria; only randomized controlled trials, observational studies, nonrandomized controlled trials, and case-control studies conducted in outpatient settings in the United States were included. The primary outcome was the observed differences in antibiotic prescribing or clinical benefits between pharmacist-led ASP interventions and usual care. Of the 196 studies retrieved for full-text review, a cumulative total of 15 studies were included for final evaluation. Upon analysis, we observed that there was no consistent methodology in the implementation of ASPs and, in most cases, the outcome of interest varied. Nonetheless, there was a trend toward improvement in antibiotic prescribing with pharmacist interventions in ASPs compared with that under usual care (P &lt; 0.05). However, the results of these studies are not easily generalizable. Our findings suggest a need for a consistent approach for the practical application of outpatient pharmacist-led ASPs. Managed care organizations could play a significant role in ensuring the successful implementation of pharmacist-led ASPs in outpatient settings.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial stewardship program, Antibiotic Prescribing, antibiotic stewardship program, outpatient settings, pharmacist interventions</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.1093/ajhp/zxab178</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="57745">
                <text>American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Clinical Implications of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ototoxicity for COVID-19 Treatment: A Mini-Review</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31992">
                <text>David M. Baguley, Pattarawadee Prayuenyong, Anand V. Kasbekar</text>
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                <text>At this time of the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially effective treatments are currently under urgent investigation. Benefits of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 infection have been proposed and clinical trials are underway. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, typically used for the treatment of malaria and autoimmune diseases, have been considered for off-label use in several countries. In the literature, there are reports of ototoxic effects of the drugs causing damage to the inner ear structures, which then result in hearing loss, tinnitus, and/or imbalance. This mini-review represents a summary of the findings from a systematic search regarding ototoxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the published literature. The characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss and/or tinnitus after chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment can be temporary but reports of persistent auditory and vestibular dysfunction exist. These are not frequent, but the impact can be substantial. Additionally, abnormal cochleovestibular development in the newborn was also reported after chloroquine treatment in pregnant women. The suggested dose of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection is considerably higher than the usual dosage for malaria treatment; therefore, it is plausible that the ototoxic effects will be greater. There are potential implications from this review for survivors of COVID-19 treated with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Patient reports of hearing loss, tinnitus, or imbalance should be noted. Those with troublesome hearing loss, tinnitus and/or imbalance are encouraged to be referred for hearing evaluation and interventions once they are stable. Clinical trials of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine should also consider including audiological monitoring in the protocol.</text>
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                <text>tinnitus, Hearing Loss, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ototoxicity, COVID-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31996">
                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00252</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31997">
                <text>Frontiers in Public Health</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31998">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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                <text>The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a health emergency all over the world. Several health care professionals are currently putting their best efforts to deal with this situation. The aim of this review is to report insights from the literature and “on the field” experience in clinical management of critical COVID-19 patients. Respiratory support varies from high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) to noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, often associated with nitric oxide, prone position, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Experienced specialists have to manage the airways minimizing any contamination and virus spread. The hemodynamic management of critical COVID-19 patients requires not only an accurate fluid strategy, but also an appropriate use of vasopressors and inotropes. Various adjuvant treatments have been proposed: antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, anticoagulants, antibiotics, and nutrition.</text>
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                <text>Anesthesiology</text>
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                <text>Clinical Management of Diabetes Mellitus in the Era of COVID-19: Practical Issues, Peculiarities and Concerns</text>
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                <text>Chrysi Koliaki, Anastasios Tentolouris, Ioanna Eleftheriadou, Andreas Melidonis, George Dimitriadis, Nikolaos Tentolouris</text>
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                <text>The management of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic can be challenging. Even if they are not infected, they are at risk of dysregulated glycemic control due to the restrictive measures which compromise and disrupt healthcare delivery. In the case of infection, people with DM have an increased risk of developing severe complications. The major principles of optimal care for mild outpatient cases include a patient-tailored therapeutic approach, regular glucose monitoring and adherence to medical recommendations regarding lifestyle measures and drug treatment. For critically ill hospitalized patients, tight monitoring of glucose, fluids, electrolytes, pH and blood ketones is of paramount importance to optimize outcomes. All patients with DM do not have an equally increased risk for severity and mortality due to COVID-19. Certain clinical and biological characteristics determine high-risk phenotypes within the DM population and such prognostic markers need to be characterized in future studies. Further research is needed to examine which subgroups of DM patients are expected to benefit the most from specific antiviral, immunomodulatory and other treatment strategies in the context of patient-tailored precision medicine, which emerges as an urgent priority in the era of COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Diabetes mellitus, severity, coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), glycemic control, anti-diabetic drugs, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2)</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                <text>Clinical Management of Lung Cancer Patients during the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)</text>
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                <text>Yan Xu, Hongsheng Liu, Ke Hu, Mengzhao WANG</text>
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                <text>Since late December 2019, an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread quickly nationwide. With the spread of COVID-19, the routine clinical diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer patients has been disturbed. Due to the systemic immunosuppressive of lung cancer patients caused by the malignancy and anticancer treatments, lung cancer patients are more susceptible to infection than healthy individuals. Furthermore, patients with cancer had poorer prognosis from infection. Lung cancer patients should be the priority group for COVID-19 prevention. The protection provisions and control measures aiming to protect lung cancer patients from COVID-19 have been increasingly concerned. During the COVID-19 outbreak period, it should be carefully differentiated for fever and respiratory symptoms for lung cancer patients receiving anti-tumor treatment, in order to evaluate the risk of COVID-19. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out meticulous and individualized clinical management for lung cancer patients to effectively protect the patients from COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Lung neoplasms, patient management, 2019 novel coronavirus disease</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.03.02</text>
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                <text>Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer</text>
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                <text>Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Chinese Antituberculosis Association</text>
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                <text>Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A. Bleibtreu, S. Jaureguiberry, N. Houhou, D. Boutolleau, H. Guillot, D. Vallois, J. C. Lucet, J. Robert, B. Mourvillier, J. Delemazure, M. Jaspard, F. X. Lescure, C. Rioux, E. Caumes, Y. Yazdanapanah</text>
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                <text>Abstract Background Patients with suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection should be hospitalized in isolation wards to avoid transmission. This suspicion can also lead to medical confusion and inappropriate management of acute respiratory syndrome due to causes other than MERS-CoV. Methods We studied the characteristics and outcome of patients hospitalized for suspected MERS-CoV infection in the isolation wards of two referral infectious disease departments in the Paris area between January 2013 and December 2016. Results Of 93 adult patients (49 male (52.6%), median age 63.4 years) hospitalized, 82 out of 93 adult patients had returned from Saudi Arabia, and 74 of them were pilgrims (Hajj). Chest X-ray findings were abnormal in 72 (77%) patients. The 93 patients were negative for MERS-CoV RT-PCR, and 70 (75.2%) patients had documented infection, 47 (50.5%) viral, 22 (23.6%) bacterial and one Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Microbiological analysis identified Rhinovirus (27.9%), Influenza virus (26.8%), Legionella pneumophila (7.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.5%), and non-MERS-coronavirus (6.4%). Antibiotics were initiated in 81 (87%) cases, with two antibiotics in 63 patients (67.7%). The median duration of hospitalization and isolation was 3 days (1–33) and 24 h (8–92), respectively. Time of isolation decreased over time (P </text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                <text>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), pilgrims, Saudi Arabia, Isolation ward, respiratory tract infection, Legionella</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3223-5</text>
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                <text>BMC Infectious Diseases</text>
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                <text>BMC</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases</text>
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                <text>Abstract Background Patients with suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection should be hospitalized in isolation wards to avoid transmission. This suspicion can also lead to medical confusion and inappropriate management of acute respiratory syndrome due to causes other than MERS-CoV. Methods We studied the characteristics and outcome of patients hospitalized for suspected MERS-CoV infection in the isolation wards of two referral infectious disease departments in the Paris area between January 2013 and December 2016. Results Of 93 adult patients (49 male (52.6%), median age 63.4 years) hospitalized, 82 out of 93 adult patients had returned from Saudi Arabia, and 74 of them were pilgrims (Hajj). Chest X-ray findings were abnormal in 72 (77%) patients. The 93 patients were negative for MERS-CoV RT-PCR, and 70 (75.2%) patients had documented infection, 47 (50.5%) viral, 22 (23.6%) bacterial and one Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Microbiological analysis identified Rhinovirus (27.9%), Influenza virus (26.8%), Legionella pneumophila (7.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.5%), and non-MERS-coronavirus (6.4%). Antibiotics were initiated in 81 (87%) cases, with two antibiotics in 63 patients (67.7%). The median duration of hospitalization and isolation was 3 days (1–33) and 24 h (8–92), respectively. Time of isolation decreased over time (P </text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                <text>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Saudi Arabia, Pilgrims, Respiratory tract infection, Isolation Ward, Legionella</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.1186/s12879-018-3223-5</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases</text>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/01f3b446d79c53440167e307ff881f70.pdf</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Findings, and Treatment Outcomes of SARS Patients</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Jann-Tay Wang, Wang-Huei Sheng, Chi-Tai Fang, Yee-Chun Chen, Jiun-Ling Wang, Chong-Jen Yu, Shan-Chwen Chang, Pan-Chyr Yang</text>
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                <text>Clinical and laboratory data on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), particularly on the temporal progression of abnormal laboratory findings, are limited. We conducted a prospective study on the clinical, radiologic, and hematologic findings of SARS patients with pneumonia, who were admitted to National Taiwan University Hospital from March 8 to June 15, 2003. Fever was the most frequent initial symptom, followed by cough, myalgia, dyspnea, and diarrhea. Twenty-four patients had various underlying diseases. Most patients had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lymphopenia. Other common abnormal laboratory findings included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. These clinical and laboratory findings were exacerbated in most patients during the second week of disease. The overall case-fatality rate was 19.7%. By multivariate analysis, underlying disease and initial CRP level were predictive of death.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2004</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>severe acute respiratory syndrome, C-reactive protein, intravenous immunoglobulin, Taiwan</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3201/eid1005.030640</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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