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                <text>The value of the jaguar (Panthera onca) according to secondary students</text>
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                <text>David Figueiredo de Almeida, Lorena dos Santos Maniva, Carlos Eduardo Costa de Campos</text>
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                <text>This study was conducted in two schools of a city in an inland area of the Brazilian Amazon, with the purpose of describing the values attributed by secondary students to the jaguar (Panthera onca). After the application of the questionnaires and the interviews, it was found that students enrolled in a school located in the center of the town were more able to recognize the ecological value of this animal, while those who studied in the school in the rural area tended to describe the jaguar as a dangerous and frightening animal. However, in both cases, most students support the protection of the jaguar. The diversity of opinions provides a platform for educational measures aimed to protect the jaguar and solve the problems in areas where there are conflicts between humans and this species.</text>
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                <text>Amazônia, Educação ambiental, Tipologia de Kellert, ecología humana, ética ambiental</text>
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                <text>10.1590/1516-731320150010008</text>
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                <text>Universidade Estadual Paulista</text>
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                <text>Atitudes de alunos em relação a seres vivos e ecossistemas</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>David Figueiredo de Almeida, Yolanda Maria Barros Marcello, Anthony Basílio Dalmácio Cordeiro, Nayron Costa Alves</text>
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                <text>Investigando as atitudes de alunos de uma escola secundária da Amazônia brasilei-ra, observamos, por exemplo, que não há diferenças estatisticamente significativas na atitude estética dos alunos em relação a Cerrado (um tipo brasileiro de Savana) e Desertos. Oceanos, mesmo não fazendo parte da geografia local, sobressaíram-se em relação ao Cerrado, em todos os casos. As evidências indicaram ainda que a Floresta Amazônia é o ecossistema mais apreciado pelos alunos. Em relação aos Seres Vivos, as atitudes dos alunos para Microorganismos foram mais negativistas que a Plantas e Animais, enquanto que esses últimos se destacaram mais em atitudes dos tipos utilitarista, estética, ecológica e naturalista. Sugerimos a importância de atividades educativas que valorizem a formação de atitudes culturalmente diversas em relação aos organismos e aos ecossistemas pouco apreciados pelos alunos.</text>
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                <text>2019</text>
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                <text>http://doi.org/10.14483/23464712.13185</text>
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                <text>Góndola, Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias</text>
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                <text>Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas</text>
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                <text>Special aspects of education, Education</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/ojs/index.php/GDLA/article/view/13185" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/ojs/index.php/GDLA/article/view/13185&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>A chance to do it better: Methadone maintenance treatment in the age of Covid-19.</text>
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                <text>David Frank</text>
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                <text>Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in the United States, and particularly the clinic system of distribution, is often criticized as punitive, over-regulated, and misaligned to the needs of many patients. However, changes to the regulations that COVID-19 caused may have provided an opportunity for improving service. This commentary uses literature and my own experience to provide a brief description of how MMT programs responded to the threat of Covid-19 and how such responses fit into the larger context of attempts to reform treatment. It discusses, in particular, opportunities for liberalizing take-home" doses and implementing office-based MMT."</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, harm reduction, Take home doses, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), Methadone clinics, Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108246</text>
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                <text>Journal of substance abuse treatment</text>
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                <text>La resignificación campesinista de la ruralidad: La Universidad Rural Paulo Freire</text>
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                <text>David Gallar Hernández</text>
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                <text>El medio rural se constituye hoy en día en un espacio de disputa entre diferentes agentes en pugna por sus recursos materiales e ideáticos y por la definición del contenido de la nueva ruralidad, una vez socavadas las bases y criterios tradicionales de la antigua. A su vez, en el contexto de la globalización, aparecen movimientos culturalistas que de manera consciente pugnan por crear identidades y modelos de vida que tengan una cultura como referente. La iniciativa de recuperación de la cultura campesina por parte del Universidad Rural Paulo Freire (URPF) sería uno de estos movimientos, con la Agroecología como referente teórico y con el medio rural español y su población como su problemática base territorial y sociológica para la creación de una nueva ruralidad campesinista. El objetivo del texto es analizar los procesos y herramientas que pone en juego este grupo social para reconstruir y resignificar la identidad campesina y sus prácticas como parte del intento de construcción de un sujeto político.</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>Campesinado, España, agroecologia, nueva  ruralidad, resignificación</text>
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                <text>Revista de Dialectología y Tradiciones Populares</text>
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                <text>Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas</text>
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                <text>Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://dra.revistas.csic.es/index.php/dra/article/view/453" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://dra.revistas.csic.es/index.php/dra/article/view/453&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 and its association with depressive mood symptoms in the Spanish Population</text>
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                <text>David González Casas, Esther Mercado García, Ana Isabel Corchado Castillo, Pedro de la Paz Elez</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a global commotion, leading to a series of problems related to health, psychosocial factors and economic situation.Objective: To evaluate the effect of confinement on depressive mood in Spanish residents who are over 18 years old during the state of emergency which was declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this paper aims to analyze the possible impact of some variables such as sex, age, size of dwelling and income.Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design with quantitative methodology. Access to the sample was based on a non-probabilistic sampling through snowball technique. CES-D scale was used to evaluate the state of depressive mood. In order to collect data related to sex, age, size of dwelling and economic situation, ad hoc questions were included in the survey.Results: Women presented higher values of depressive mood than men. Furthermore, depressive mood values are higher in younger individuals. People who live in smaller dwellings showed higher values of depressive mood compared to those who live in larger dwellings. Similarly, individuals with less favorable economic conditions perceive higher levels of depressive mood.Conclusions: The results show that depressive mood symptoms and their psychosocial consequences in the Spanish population during confinement are conditioned by sex, age, dwelling size and economic situation.</text>
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                <text>salud pública, epidemias, Cuarentena, Depresión, Pandemia de COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Medicine (General)</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Perspectivas sobre el estudio del conflicto: aspectos macroestructurales y microestructurales desde lo transdisciplinar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="189331">
                <text>David González, John Solórzano</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>El conflicto es un tema de gran importancia para la vida social y comunitaria de los seres humanos, el cual ha sido investigado desde diferentes perspectivas. El presente documento expone múltiples aspectos considerados en el estudio del conflicto desde diversas disciplinas, como la Psicología, Antropología y Biología, analizando sus características tanto en el nivel macroestructural como microestructural. Se concluye que existen aspectos comunes a las diversas miradas desde las que se ha estudiado el conflicto y que una perspectiva transdisciplinar, como la propuesta desde la teoría de conflictos por Galtung, es apropiada para hacer una mejor comprensión y gestión de los conflictos.  Referencias  Accinelli, E. (s.f.). La teoría de juegos evolutivos, naturaleza y racionalidad. Cátedra Bolívar. Temas de Teoría Económica y su Método 15. Recuperado de http://www.usc.es/economet/aeeadepdf/aeeade117.pdf Aureli, F. &amp; De Waal, F. (2000). Natural Conflict Resolution. Berklee: University of Caifornia Press. Álvarez, S. y Rettberg, A. (2008). Cuantificando los efectos económicos del conflicto: Una exploración de los costos del conflicto armado colombiano. Colombia Internacional, (67), 14-37. Ávila, F. y Bianchi, A. (2015). Guía de Economía comportamental e experimental. São Paulo: EconomiaComportamental.org. Baron, R. y Byrne, D. (2005). Psicología Social. Madrid: Pearson Prentice Hall.  Biología. (s.f.). Ecología de las comunidades. Recuperado de http://www.biologia.edu.ar/ecologia/ECOLOGIA%20DE%20LAS%20COMUNIDADES.htm Boia, L. (1995). Entre el ángel y la bestia. Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello. Brauer, J. y Dunne, J. (2010). Macroeconomía y violencia. Revista de Economía del Rosario, 13(1), 1-39. Calderón, P. (2009) Teoría de Conflictos de Johan Galtung. Revista Paz y Conflictos, (2), 60-81.  Canet, J. (2014). Alternativas a la judicialización de los conflictos de Roma hasta la actualidad. Revista de derecho UNED, (14), 133-160.  Carrasco, M. y González, M. (2006). Aspectos Conceptuales de la Agresión: Definición y Modelos Explicativos. Acción Psicológica, 4(2), 7-38. Chaux, E. (2002). Buscando pistas para prevenir la violencia urbana en Colombia: Conflictos y agresión entre niños(as) y adolescentes de Bogotá. Revista de estudios sociales, (12), 43-53.  Clavijo, A. (1997). El estudio de la elección en condiciones de incertidumbre. Suma psicológica, 4(1), 57-77. DeCatanzaro, D. (1999). Motivation and emotion: Evolutionary, Psychological, Developmental and Social perxpectives. Upper Sadler River: Prentice Hall. De Haro-Honrubia, A. (2012). Antropología del conflicto: Reflexiones sobre el nuevo orden global. Convergencia: Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 19(60), 177-204.  Diario El tiempo. (2016). Hombre de 45 años de edad asesinado en La Ceiba. Recuperado de http://www.tiempo.hn/la-ceiba-matan-ciudadano-frente-a-gasolinera/ Diltz, A. (2012). Revisiting Johan Galtung concept of structural violence. New Political Science, 34(2), 191-194.  Duymovich, I. (2007). La reparación integral como mejor alternativa de satisfacción a la víctima: experiencias de la justicia restauradora en casos de delincuencia juvenil y violaciones a los derechos humanos. (Trabajo de Grado). Instituto de Ciencia Procesal Penal, Lima, Perú. Ember, C., Ember, M. y Peregrine, P. (2010). Antropología (10ma. ed.). España: Pearson.  Ferguson, T. (s.f.). Game Theory. Los Angeles: University of California, Department of Mathematics. Forgas, J., Kruglanski, A. &amp; Williams, K. (2011). The psychology of social conflict and aggression. New York: Psychology Press. Galtung, J. (1997). Peace education is only meaningful if it leads to action. UNESCO Courier, 50(1), 4.  Gladstone, A. (1959). The conception of the enemy. Recuperado de http://www.policyscience.net/ws/gladstone.pdf Harris, M. (1989). Nuestra especie. Madrid: Alianza.  Jaisson, P. (2000). La hormiga y el sociobiólogo. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica. Jones, E. &amp; Davis, K. (1965). From Acts To Dispositions The Attribution Process In Person Perception. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 219–266.  Kottak, P. (2006). Antropología cultural (11ma. ed.). México: McGraw-Hill.  Laca, F. (2006) Paz, cultura y psicología del conflicto. Estudios Sobre las Culturas Contemporáneas, 12(24), 55-70. Lasch, C. (1991). La cultura del narcisismo. Chile: Andrés Bello. Lenzi, A. (2013). Advertising secrecy, creating power in ancient mesopotamia: how scholars used secrecy in scribal education to bolster and perpetuate their social prestige and power. Antiguo Oriente, 11, 13-42. Macionis, J. y Plummer, K. (2007). Sociología (3ra. ed.). España: Pearson.  Maier, R. (1998). Comparative Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary and Echological Aproach. MA: Allyn and Bacon. Monroe, A., Reeder, G. &amp; James, L. (2015). Perceptions of Intentionality for Goal Related Action: Behavioral Description Matters. PLoS ONE, 10(3), e0119841. Moyer, K. (1968). Kinds of agression and their physiological basis. Communications in Behavioral Biology, 2, 68-87. Munduate, L. y Martínez, J. (1999). Conflicto y Negociación. Madrid: Ediciones Pirámide. Nebel, S., Schneider, S. &amp; Rey, G. (2016). From duels to classroom competition: Social competition and learning in educational videogames within different group sizes. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 384-398. Paletz, S., Miron-Spektor, E. &amp; Lin, C. (2014). A cultural lens on interpersonal conflict and creativity in multicultural environments. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 8(2), 237-252. Real Academia Española (RAE). (2014). Diccionario de la lengua española (23ª. ed.). Madrid, España: RAE. Ricciardi, M. (2009). Is The Revolution Over? A History of the Concept and its Political Valoration. Espiral, 15(44), 9-29.  Sahlins, M. (1972). Stone Age economics. Chicago: Aldine.  Shahmohammadi, N. (2014). Conflict Management Among Secondary school Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 630-635. Schwartz, B. (2004). The Paradox of Choice. Why more is less. NYC: Harper Perennial. Torres, C. (s.f.). Aspectos psicológicos de la economía. Recuperado de http://colombiainforma.info/images/documentos/ASPECTOS%20PSICOLGICOS%20DE%20LA%20ECONOMA.pdf Tschannen-Moran, M. (2001). The effects of a state-wide conflict management initiative in schools. American Secondary Education, 29(3), 2-32. Tortosa, J. (2003). Los medios y la guerra. Revista de Estudios Sociales, 16, 57-69. Uribe, H. (2011). La ciudad colombiana: Inseguridad, incertidumbres y miedos. Revista Geográfica, 150, 97-112. Weber, M. (1949). Methodology of social sciences. Illinois: Free Press. Yaffe, L. (2011). Armed conflict in Colombia: analyzing the economic, social, and institutional causes of violent opposition. Revista CS., 8, 187-208.</text>
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                <text>When the federal government created the Canada Emergency Response Benefit(CERB) to help Canadians who had lost their jobs in the COVID-19 lockdown, itsparked renewed interest in the idea of a basic income. However, many policyquestions need to be discussed and resolved in order to assess a basic incomeand compare it to alternative forms of social support. Careful and thoroughconsideration of these matters is vital in deciding whether a basic income shouldbe implemented, and if so, how it should be done and indeed what form itshould take.</text>
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                <text>policy implementation, Policy design, basic income, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>The School of Public Policy Publications</text>
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                <text>University of Calgary</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic offers an historic precedent to review and challenge the values of social, economic, environmental, and cultural belief systems. The concept of the “New Normal” and the experience of the global pandemic provide points of transition in thinking about our relationship to our planet and to each other. These include the fragility of contemporary economics, dependency on industrialized urban infrastructures, and reliance on top-down governance, vulnerability to climate disasters, dislocation from the natural world, societal inequalities, and the loss of cultural memory. The paper considers the potential role of systems thinking in attempting to manage societies’ responses to the pandemic. To provide the methodological context in which some systems thinking can be applied to alleviate the pandemic, we conduct a focused literature review of systemic frameworks, and using examples from Brazil and England, the paper questions the validity of existing disaster management systems and proposes an integrated critical systems approach. Reflecting on these experiences, questions of systems criticality are further developed and considered in relation to critical recovery from disasters and as integral critical systems (ICS) to interrogate the intention of systems. Finally, the paper reflects upon the value of systems and the values embedded in systems that may or may not promote equitable well-being in recovery from disasters such as COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Systems Thinking, ecology, critical recovery, integral critical systems</text>
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                <text>Technology (General), Systems engineering</text>
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                <text>Polyvagal and Global Cytokine Theory of Safety and Threat Covid-19 – Plan B</text>
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                <text>David Hanscom, David Roger Clawson, Stephen W. Porges, Ray Bunnage, Les Aria, Steve Lederman, James Taylor, C. Sue Carter</text>
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                <text>We are presenting this document to medical providers as a systematic approach to improve outcomes of patients with COVID-19. The following variables are considered: Autonomic nervous system viewed from the perspective of the Polyvagal Theory; Timing of interventions in terms of phase of the body’s defense (Fight, Flight, Freeze, Faint); The nervous system considered the context of a “One System” perspective; Protein/Enzyme function; Immune system; Cytokine load - activity, inflammation and metabolic response; Viral load; Angiotensin 2 load.  The ARDS and multi-system organ failure of the COVID-19 is a complex problem. This approach acknowledges the complexity and presents a structure where the variables are systematically addressed.  1. The common risk factors for death are associated with baseline elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Measures can be taken to lower them before being exposed to the virus–Plan A.  2. Strategies to optimize the body’s defenses should be assessed and optimized. These include nutrition, vitamins, and trace elements, sleep, exercise, and minimizing threat.  3. The body’s own resources are utilized through recruiting the autonomic nervous system to counteract elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. The interventions are implemented in the context of what stage of defense the body is in–fight, flight, freeze, or faint.  4. Progressive pharmacological interventions are considered with the early interventions being those with minimal risk.  We are asking the following: • This approach is viewed as the foundation for clinical interventions. They should be implemented in a systematic and stepwise manner. • Most of the treatments are already medically proven with minimal or no risk. • All basic treatments are in place before more aggressive interventions are implemented. • That this process be considered a framework to test clinical protocols and novel therapies. Much work needs to be done regarding dosing and timing. • We are particularly interested in the potential of the following interventions, which do need to be looked at in a protocol.• o Allowing ketosis in the Mid and Late Phases of the illness. • o Considering the use of ketone bodies instead of glucose for fuel in Mid and Late Phases of illness. • o Eliminating glucocorticosteroids in the Early and Mid-Phases the use of steroids. • o Utilizing the anti-inflammatory cholinergic nervous system (vagal stimulation, nicotine patches, etc.). • o Closer monitoring of IL-6 to in real time deliver the most appropriate interventions.      Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2020-02-SI-2   Full Text: PDF</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, covid-19, polyvagal theory, cytokine theory</text>
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                <text>10.28991/SciMedJ-2020-02-SI-2</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Cross-skilling training to support medical redeployment in the COVID-19 pandemic.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>David Hettle, Katherine Sutherland, Edward Miles, Lucy Allanby, Zoe Bakewell, Danielle Davies, Yasin Dhonye, Victoria Handford, Rebecca Upton, Victoria Vilenchik, Rebecca Wood</text>
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                <text>During the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, doctors will be redeployed into roles with which they are unfamiliar. Adequate training must be provided to reacquaint doctors with medical ward practice, supporting psychological wellbeing and patient safety. Here we describe a cross-skilling programme in North Bristol NHS Trust designed to address colleague anxiety and support wellbeing during redeployment.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Medical education, training, redeployment, induction</text>
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                <text>10.7861/fhj.2020-0049</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Future healthcare journal</text>
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