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                <text>Gregor Majdič, Gregor Majdic</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 morbidity and mortality have significant gender disparities, with higher prevalence and mortality in men. SARS-CoV-2 enters the lungs through the ACE2 enzyme, a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Although there are no data for the lung, the expressions of RAS components in other tissues are modulated by sex hormones, androgens, and estrogens. However, there are no data on sex-specific differences in ACE2 expression. If there is a sex difference in the expression of ACE2 in the lung, this could theoretically explain the gender disparity in COVID-19 disease. More importantly, although modulation of ACE2 will certainly not provide a cure for the COVID-19 disease, modulation of ACE2 by sex hormone modulators, if they affect the expression of ACE2, could potentially be developed into a supportive therapy for COVID-19 patients.</text>
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                <text>Could the Inhibition of Endo-Lysosomal Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) by the Natural Flavonoid Naringenin Represent an Option to Fight SARS-CoV-2 Infection?</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00970</text>
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                <text>Thomas  H Jovic, Stephen  R Ali, Nader Ibrahim, Zita  M Jessop, Sam  P Tarassoli, Thomas  D Dobbs, Patrick Holford, Catherine  A Thornton, Iain  S Whitaker</text>
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                <text>There are limited proven therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The role of vitamin and mineral supplementation or “immunonutrition” has previously been explored in a number of clinical trials in intensive care settings, and there are several hypotheses to support their routine use. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate whether vitamin supplementation is beneficial in COVID-19. A systematic search strategy with a narrative literature summary was designed, using the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Trials Register, WHO International Clinical Trial Registry, and Nexis media databases. The immune-mediating, antioxidant and antimicrobial roles of vitamins A to E were explored and their potential role in the fight against COVID-19 was evaluated. The major topics extracted for narrative synthesis were physiological and immunological roles of each vitamin, their role in respiratory infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and COVID-19. Vitamins A to E highlighted potentially beneficial roles in the fight against COVID-19 via antioxidant effects, immunomodulation, enhancing natural barriers, and local paracrine signaling. Level 1 and 2 evidence supports the use of thiamine, vitamin C, and vitamin D in COVID-like respiratory diseases, ARDS, and sepsis. Although there are currently no published clinical trials due to the novelty of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is pathophysiologic rationale for exploring the use of vitamins in this global pandemic, supported by early anecdotal reports from international groups. The final outcomes of ongoing trials of vitamin supplementation are awaited with interest.</text>
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                <text>10.3390/nu12092550</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Countering COVID-19 in Norway and Sweden: Analysis of Approaches and Consequence</text>
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                <text>Ivan Skripka</text>
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                <text>The article analyzes the strategies of the Swedish and Norwegian governments in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. These neighboring countries have shown two different approaches to solving this problem. Sweden has emphasized more lenient and voluntary measures for citizens, while Norway has imposed severe restrictions on citizens on its territory. After two waves of the pandemic, both States recognized that they could have applied more successful strategies. The consequences of the political and social nature, the reaction of citizens to the measures taken, became important. In both countries, there was a fairly high level of trust in the government. But in Sweden, unlike in Norway, there was a lot of support for the party in power at the beginning of the pandemic, as people were not burdened with serious restrictions, but experienced great difficulties as the scale of the pandemic grew. Norway, on the other hand, faced both the psychological strain of the quarantine and the crisis of the legitimacy of the measures taken. However, the situation changed in both countries with the beginning of the second wave of the pandemic, when the public mood changed.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Sweden, government, Norway, Legislation, political parties, antiviral strategy, сoronavirus, socio-political consequences</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="44569">
                <text>10.15211/vestnikieran12021118125</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>International relations</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Countries of former yugoslavia: Periphery vs. super-periphery in the great recession and beyond</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Bole Velimir, Dominko Miha, Guštin-Habuš Ada, Prašnikar Janez</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The paper deals with the performance of former Yugoslav countries during the    Great Recession. It compares the performance of peripheral countries    (Slovenia and Croatia) with those of superperipheral countries (Bosnia, the    Republic of North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia). The focus of the    analysis is the four channels of crisis transmission and amplification: the    capital surge as the external channel on the one hand, and the financial    accelerator, the banking credit extension, and liquidity as internal    channels on the other. While the external channel drove the dynamics of the    crisis, the internal channels amplified, broadened, and prolonged its    drastic economic consequences. The paper depicts the trajectory of the    consequences of the Great Recession for both peripheral and super-peripheral    countries. It shows that, regarding financial stability, peripheral    countries outperformed superperipheral countries in the boom phase, but not    in the bust and recovery phases. The crucial factor influencing such a    deterioration of peripheral countries’ financial stability was the policy    measures enforced by the European Commission and ECB, calibrated to the    needs of the largest and strongest economies of the euro area, while    neglecting the asymmetric dynamics of European economies in the bust and    recovery phases. The paper concludes with a warning that something similar    could happen in the present crisis triggered by the Covid-19 virus.</text>
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                <text>2019</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="82898">
                <text>investments, indebtedness, capital flows, bank lending, credit supply and demand</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>10.2298/EKA1923011B</text>
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                <text>Ekonomski Anali</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="82901">
                <text>Faculty of Economics, Belgrade</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Economic growth, development, planning</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Course of the first month of the COVID 19 outbreak in the New York State counties.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61588">
                <text>Anca Rǎdulescu</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>We illustrate and study the evolution of reported infections over the month of March in New York State as a whole, as well as in each individual county in the state. We identify piecewise exponential trends, and search for correlations between the timing and dynamics of these trends and statewide mandated measures on testing and social distancing. We conclude that the reports on April 1 may be dramatically under-representing the actual number of statewide infections, an idea which is supported by more recent retroactive estimates based on serological studies. A follow-up study is underway, reassessing data until June 1, using additional measures for validation and monitoring for effects of the PAUSE directive, and of the reopening timeline.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.1371/journal.pone.0238560</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/33716ece5d8fa0b3ffe90964cdfc7cae.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Covert Infection of Insects by Baculoviruses</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Trevor Williams, Cristina Virto, Cristina Virto, Rosa Murillo, Rosa Murillo, Primitivo Caballero, Primitivo Caballero</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Baculoviruses (Baculoviridae) are occluded DNA viruses that are lethal pathogens of the larval stages of some lepidopterans, mosquitoes, and sawflies (phytophagous Hymenoptera). These viruses have been developed as biological insecticides for control of insect pests and as expression vectors in biotechnological applications. Natural and laboratory populations frequently harbor covert infections by baculoviruses, often at a prevalence exceeding 50%. Covert infection can comprise either non-productive latency or sublethal infection involving low level production of virus progeny. Latency in cell culture systems involves the expression of a small subset of viral genes. In contrast, covert infection in lepidopterans is associated with differential infection of cell types, modulation of virus gene expression and avoidance of immune system clearance. The molecular basis for covert infection may reside in the regulation of host–virus interactions through the action of microRNAs (miRNA). Initial findings suggest that insect nudiviruses and vertebrate herpesviruses may provide useful analogous models for exploring the mechanisms of covert infection by baculoviruses. These pathogens adopt mixed-mode transmission strategies that depend on the relative fitness gains that accrue through vertical and horizontal transmission. This facilitates virus persistence when opportunities for horizontal transmission are limited and ensures virus dispersal in migratory host species. However, when host survival is threatened by environmental or physiological stressors, latent or persistent infections can be activated to produce lethal disease, followed by horizontal transmission. Covert infection has also been implicated in population level effects on host–pathogen dynamics due to the reduced reproductive capacity of infected females. We conclude that covert infections provide many opportunities to examine the complexity of insect–virus pathosystems at the organismal level and to explore the evolutionary and ecological relationships of these pathogens with major crop and forest pests.</text>
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                <text>2017</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Lepidoptera, Mixed-mode transmission, Persistent infection, latency, sublethal disease</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fmicb.2017.01337</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Microbiology</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="153396">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01337/full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01337/full&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Covid 19 infection in pregnancy – vertical transmission and lactoferrin</text>
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                <text>Prof (Dr) Hem Kanta Sarma</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>Pregnancy, covid</text>
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                <text>10.21276/obgyn.2021.7.2.1</text>
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                <text>New Indian Journal of OBGYN</text>
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                <text>Barpeta Obstetrics and Gynaecological Society</text>
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                <text>Gynecology and obstetrics</text>
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