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                <text>COVID-19 and the Fears of Italian Senior Citizens</text>
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                <text>Diego de Leo, Marco Trabucchi</text>
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                <text>Italy has been hit very hard by the severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. This brief report highlights some of the peculiarities manifested by its older adult population, with particular reference to those living in nursing institutions and at home. Mortality data (as of 26 April) are reported, together with reactions to forced isolation, loneliness, and fear of contracting the disease, which represent big challenges for all, especially for frail elderly people.</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic</text>
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                <text>Hamideh Habibi, Ali Fares, Ripendra Awal, Masoud Ghahremannejad</text>
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                <text>The objective of this investigation is to study the impacts of the global response to COVID-19 on air pollution and air quality changes in major cities across the globe over the past few months. Air quality data (NO2, CO, PM2.5, and O3) were downloaded from the World Air Quality Index project for the January 2019–April 2020 period. Results show a significant reduction in the levels of 2020 NO2, CO, and PM2.5 compared to their levels in 2019. These reductions were as high as 63% (Wuhan, China), 61% (Lima, Peru), and 61% (Berlin, Germany), in NO2, CO, and PM2.5 levels, respectively. In contrast, 2020 O3 levels increased substantially, as high as 86% (Milan, Italy), in an apparent response to the decrease in titration by nitrogen monoxide and its derivatives. Significant differences in the weather conditions across the globe do not seem to impact this air quality improvement trend. Will this trend in the reduction in most air pollutants to unprecedented levels continue in the next few weeks or even months? The response to this and other questions will depend on the future global economic and environmental policies.</text>
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                <text>Anna Laura Herzog, Holger K von Jouanne-Diedrich, Christoph Wanner, Dirk Weismann, Tobias Schlesinger, Patrick Meybohm, Jan Stumpner</text>
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                <text>There is evidence that SARS-CoV2 has a particular affinity for kidney tissue and is often associated with kidney failure. We assessed whether proteinuria can be predictive of kidney failure, the development of chronic kidney disease, and mortality in 37 critically ill COVID-19 patients. We used machine learning (ML) methods as decision trees and cut-off points created by the OneR package to add new aspects, even in smaller cohorts. Among a total of 37 patients, 24 suffered higher-grade renal failure, 20 of whom required kidney replacement therapy. More than 40% of patients remained on hemodialysis after intensive care unit discharge or died (27%). Due to frequent anuria proteinuria measured in two-thirds of the patients, it was not predictive for the investigated endpoints; albuminuria was higher in patients with AKI 3, but the difference was not significant. ML found cut-off points of &gt;31.4 kg/m2 for BMI and &gt;69 years for age, constructed decision trees with great accuracy, and identified highly predictive variables for outcome and remaining chronic kidney disease. Different ML methods and their clinical application, especially decision trees, can provide valuable support for clinical decisions. Presence of proteinuria was not predictive of CKD or AKI and should be confirmed in a larger cohort.</text>
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                <text>10.1371/journal.pone.0251932</text>
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                <text>PloS one</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Ida Gagliardi, Gemma Patella, Ashour Michael, Raffaele Serra, Michele Provenzano, Michele Andreucci</text>
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                <text>The new respiratory infectious disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and caused by a new strain of zoonotic coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), to date has killed over 630,000 people and infected over 15,000,000 worldwide. Most of the deceased patients had pre-existing comorbidities; over 20% had chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, although SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized mainly by diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, acute kidney injury (AKI) has developed in a high percentage of cases. As AKI has been shown to be associated with worse prognosis, we believe that the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the kidney should be investigated. This review sets out to describe the main renal aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the role of the virus in the development and progression of kidney damage. In this article, attention is focused on the epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney damage, histopathology, clinical features in nephropathic patients (CKD, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, AKI, transplantation) and prevention and containment strategies. Although there remains much more to be learned with regards to this disease, nonetheless it is our hope that this review will aid in the understanding and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 and the Lebanese Crisis: Will the Phoenix Manage to Rise Once Again?</text>
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                <text>Abdul Rahman Bizri, Walid Alam, Nazih A Bizri, Umayya Musharrafieh</text>
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                <text>There are no data on the impact of COVID-19 and associated public health measures, including sheltering at home, travel restrictions, and changes in health care provision, on the mental health of older veterans. This information is necessary for government and philanthropic agencies to tailor mental health supports, services, and resources for veterans in the peri- and post-pandemic periods. The objective of this study was to compare mental health symptoms between Canadian Armed Forces (CAFs) veterans and the general Canadian older adult population in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of older adults in the national Canadian COVID-19 Coping Study. Individuals aged 55 years and older were eligible. A convenience sample of older adults was recruited through a web-based survey administered between May 01, 2020 and June 30, 2020. Canadian Armed Force military service history status (yes/no) was ascertained. The eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the five-item Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the three-item Loneliness Scale were used to measure mental health symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression compared the odds of screening positive for depression, anxiety, and loneliness between veterans and non-veterans. Of 1,541 respondents who answered the final question (87% survey completeness rate), 210 were veterans. Forty percent of veterans met criteria for at least one of the mental health diagnoses compared to 46% of non-veterans (P = .12). The odds of reporting elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness were similar for veteran and non-veteran respondents after adjusting for confounders. Veterans' report of mental health symptoms was similar to the general population Spring 2020 of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although veterans' military training may better prepare them to adapt in the face of a pandemic, additional research is needed to understand the longitudinal impacts on physical and mental health.</text>
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                <text>10.1093/milmed/usab157</text>
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                <text>Michel Tibayrenc</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104604</text>
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                <text>Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases</text>
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                <text>Laurence W. Busse, Jonathan H. Chow, Michael T. McCurdy, Ashish K Khanna</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, COVID-19, Angiotensin II, ACE2, RAAS</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02862-1</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 and the role of 3D printing in medicine</text>
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                <text>Jonathan M. Morris, Adnan Sheikh, Ryan Moore, Nicole Wake, Frank J Rybicki, Ciprian N. Ionita, Prashanth Ravi, Rance Tino, Sam Antoline, Summer J. Decker, Leonid L. Chepelev</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s41205-020-00064-7</text>
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                <text>3D Printing in Medicine</text>
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                <text>Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine</text>
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                <text>Covid-19 and the Subsequent Lockdown Modified Dietary Habits of Almost Half the Population in an Italian Sample</text>
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                <text>Francesco Visioli, Federico Scarmozzino</text>
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                <text>The Covid-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in several parts of the world and, hence, changed some daily habits, including social interactions, the ability to perform sports, and—possibly—diet. The Italian government established and promulgated lockdown policies on 9 March 2020. We aim at assessing the effects of Covid-19-induced confinement policies on self-reported food consumption of self-selected Italians by means of a questionnaire that was created and diffused by the Internet. Nearly half, i.e., 49.6% of responders did not substantially modify their diet during the lockdown; however, 46.1% of them reported that they were eating more during confinement, and 19.5% gained weight. In particular, we report an increase in “comfort food” consumption, notably chocolate, ice-cream, and desserts (42.5%) and salty snacks (23.5%). In addition, 42.7% percent of this cohort attributed this increase to higher anxiety levels. Related to this, 36.8% of responders reported a decrease in alcohol consumption, even though 10.1% of them reported an increase. Interestingly, 21.2% of responders increased their consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables. Only 33.5% of those who declared decreased consumption attributed this change of diet to lower availability and ease of purchasing such items. Equally interesting, over half of responders, i.e., 56.2%, admitted that fruit and vegetables did not appeal to them while in lockdown. Purchases of ready-made meals were reduced by nearly 50%. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken worldwide and will help public health authorities shape their reactions to future, unavoidable pandemics.</text>
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                <text>Diet, dietary habits, food availability, COVID-19, lockdown</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/foods9050675</text>
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                <text>Foods</text>
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                <text>Chemical technology</text>
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