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                <text>Teaching anatomy and dissection in an era of social distancing and remote learning</text>
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                <text>Keerti Singh, Uma Gaur, Kiana Hall, Keisha Mascoll, Damian Cohall, Md Anwarul Azim Majumder</text>
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                <text>Anatomy is one of the fundamental and core basic medical sciences in medical education. It forms the basis for physiology and subsequently pathophysiology to understand the aetiology of diseases, followed by the treatment in medical curricula. The traditional mechanism and gold standard for teaching anatomy in the medical curricula is cadaveric dissection in a small-group teaching environment. This type of teaching also develops compassion and empathy in training medical professionals. The onset of COVID-19 pandemic has limited the ability of faculty and students to function in this educational space as social/physical distancing guidelines, and the halting of cadaveric donation programmes has been implemented as safeguard measures against the transmission of the virus. Anatomists and other teaching staff within the discipline have been limited significantly to the use of technology-enhanced learning (TEL). TEL has been used in teaching environments prior and subsequent to the onset of COVID-19 to supplement cadaveric dissection, especially in medical programmes with limited cadaveric resources. While TEL is not interchangeable with cadaveric dissection, it appears to be a near and potentially medium–long-term solution to remote anatomy teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. A blended hands-on approach with virtual reality three-dimensional experience can also be adopted in anatomy teaching during the neo-normal period.</text>
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                <text>Advances in Human Biology</text>
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                <text>Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications</text>
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                <text>According to studies, 34 % to 86 % of people suffering from COVID-19 describe a loss of their sense of smell. This loss of smell is not irreversible and it is possible to strengthen or help its recovery through daily exercise. However, the exercise protocols must be suited to the way in which the virus acts on the olfactory system, which appears to be indirectly affected in the case of COVID-19. In fact, tissue inflammation leads to the obstruction of the nasal cavities, affecting the ability to detect and identify odorant sources.</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 -An Insight into Various Impacts on Health, Society and Economy</text>
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                <text>Sampath Kumar Venkatachary, Jagdish Prasad, Ravi Samikannu, Leo John Baptist, Annamalai Alagappan, Rohini Ravi</text>
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                <text>The declaration of COVID 19 as pandemic has impacted the society at large. In what started with 17 cases in Wuhan spread its tentacles and has now over 4 million cases across the globe. In this rapidly changing environment, it is extremely difficult to quantify the impacts that the virus has on many aspects of society. The paper highlights the various challenges and the impact on society, economy and general health. These are only initial levels impacts, and it goes on with greater implications on growth depends on many factors, including the social distancing norms and shutdown rules laid by countries. Nonetheless, it is clear that the virus is here to stay and is likely to impact growth, health and society substantially.Keywords: Covid-19, Health, Economy, SocietyJEL Classifications: E, I1DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9925</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Business, Economics as a science</text>
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                <text>Tratamento precoce para COVID-19 baseado em evidência científica</text>
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                <text>Sabas Carlos Vieira, Danilo Rafael da Silva Fontinele, Marina Bucar Barjud, Justino Moreira de Carvalho Junior, Lina Madeira Campos Melo, José Wilson Fonseca Filho, Gerson Luís Medina Prado, Alexandre Adad Alencar</text>
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                <text>Objetivo: Apresentar uma proposta de tratamento precoce para pacientes com COVID-19 em Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). Métodos: Trata-se de uma proposta de protocolo de tratamento para COVID-19 com hidroxicloroquina ou cloroquina com base na literatura científica disponível no momento (13 de junho de 2020). O levantamento dos estudos ocorreu na base PubMed, por meio dos descritores COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine e chloroquine. Foram selecionados cinco artigos, dos 645 artigos encontrados, por abordarem o uso de hidroxicloroquina ou cloroquina no tratamento da fase precoce da COVID-19. Resultados: A proposta de protocolo para tratamento precoce para pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 envolve orientações sobre os principais sintomas, orientações gerais à população, avaliação médica, considerações sobre exames, terapia recomendada, orientações pós prescrição e critérios para internação. Conclusão: Baseado em estudos, o tratamento precoce ambulatorial da COVID-19 com hidroxicloroquina ou cloroquina parece diminuir o risco de internação e, assim, a necessidade de leitos de terapia intensiva. A decisão de adoção do tratamento a ser proposto é do paciente, e o médico só deve adotar após o paciente assinar o consentimento livre e esclarecido, por tratar-se de prescrição off label. Estudos randomizados são necessários para confirmar essa hipótese.</text>
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                <text>Universidade de Fortaleza</text>
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                <text>Peter A D Steel, Jonathan Siegal, Yiye Zhang, Kenrick Cato, Peter Greenwald, Laura D Melville, Kriti Gogia, Zachary Smith, Rahul Sharma, Marie Romney</text>
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                <text>Both popular and professional narratives during the COVID pandemic have focused on the perceived mental health needs of the population. Anxiety and distress have figured high in the list of mental health problems anticipated either during the crisis or in the aftermath. Some of this has been based on previous experience of disasters, but the current pandemic is unique in that there are no modern-day comparable equivalents. A number of cross sectional studies, many from China, have reported high levels of symptoms, particularly anxiety. However, the interpretation of these is difficult as it is not clear if the reported high scores on questionnaires translate into the presence of diagnosable mental disorders. By focusing on the population effects of the pandemic, we are in danger of neglecting the needs of the existing severely mentally ill. It is also becoming increasingly clear that the pandemic could continue for months or years. Existing mental health services have been badly affected by the ongoing lockdown. Considering that the treatment gap is already wide in India and resources stretched in meeting the existing needs, we cannot afford to lose the gains we have made in meeting the needs of people with severe mental disorders. This paper describes, in the light of an example from Kerala, how we can adapt to the changed circumstances without care being significantly compromised. It could also be that these changes forced on us now, could actually make the delivery of mental healthcare even better in future. The COVID challenge also provides opportunities for reform.</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has continued its global spread since the first documented case in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. With over 10 million cases and 500 thousand deaths reported worldwide, the need for an effective treatment regimen is evident. Historically, convalescent plasma (CP) has been utilized in the treatment of viral respiratory pathogens. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in China and South Korea have been treated with CP given the ineffectiveness of experimental therapies with antivirals alone. This commentary explores the importance of published experience and the pending establishment of efficacy to facilitate an informed decision regarding the therapeutic use of CP. With increasing mortality around the world from COVID-19 infection, the need for alternative, effective treatment regimens is critical.</text>
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                <text>Ameneh Jafari,1,2 Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani,1 Samira Karami,3 Mohsen Yazdani,4 Hakimeh Zali,1,5 Zahra Jafari6 1Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; 5Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 6 9Dey Manzariye Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranCorrespondence: Hakimeh Zali Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTel +989123367156Fax +982122439848Email hakimehzali@gmail.comMostafa Rezaei-TaviraniProteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTel +982122439787Email tavirany@yahoo.comAbstract: New cases of the novel coronavirus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are increasing around the world. Currently, health care services are mainly focused on responding to and controlling the unique challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These changes, along with the higher susceptibility of patients with cancer to infections, have profound effects on other critical aspects of care and pose a serious challenge for the treatment of such patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to provide strategies for managing the treatment of patients with cancer to limit COVID-19-associated risks at this difficult time. The present study set out to summarize the latest research on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of COVID-19. We also address some of the current challenges associated with the management of patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide practical guidance to clinically deal with these challenges.Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, cancer, pandemic, health care</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Alimohamadi Y, Holakouie-Naieni K, Sepandi M, Taghdir M</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="44034">
                <text>Yousef Alimohamadi,1,2 Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni,2 Mojtaba Sepandi,3,4 Maryam Taghdir3 1Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Epidemiology &amp;amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Epidemiology &amp;amp; Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Mojtaba SepandiHealth Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Nosrati Alley, South Sheykhbahaee Ave, Tehran 143591-13189, IranTel +982187555521Email msepandi@bmsu.ac.irBackground and Objective: Numerous actions have been taken to control the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce their morbidity and mortality. One of the most important measures in this regard is social distancing. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of social distancing on COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of social distancing measures on the COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Iran.Materials and Methods: In the current quasi-experimental study, we evaluated the daily incidence cases and the number of deaths of COVID-19 in Iran before and after the implementation of social distancing measures. The segmented regression model was used to analyze the data. We also performed the interrupted time series (ITS) analysis using Newey ordinary least squares (OLS) regression-based methods.Results: After the implementation of social distancing, the trend of both daily new cases and deaths due to COVID-19 was decreasing [(&amp;szlig; = &amp;minus; 1.70 (95% CI = [&amp;minus; 2.30 &amp;ndash; &amp;minus; 1.10; P &amp;lt; 0.001])) and (&amp;szlig; = &amp;minus; 0.07 (95% CI = [&amp;minus; 0.10 &amp;minus; &amp;minus; 0.05; P &amp;lt; 0.001], respectively))].Conclusion: Social distancing along with other public health interventions could reduce the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 to some degrees, and it seems to be crucial to control the pandemic.Keywords: COVID-19, social distancing, Iran, mortality, incidence</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="44035">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="44036">
                <text>mortality, Iran, covid-19, Incidence, social distancing</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="44037">
                <text>Biotemas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="44038">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="44039">
                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
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