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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Nordic Security and Defence Cooperation: Differentiated Integration in Uncertain Times</text>
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                <text>Rikard Bengtsson</text>
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                <text>A decade ago, Nordic cooperation on security and defence matters gained momentum, having been largely absent from the map of Nordic cooperation during the Cold War and its aftermath. This article analyses developments along three dimensions of Nordic cooperation: military defence (focusing on the Nordic Defence Cooperation), civil security (in the form of the ‘Haga’ process), and political cooperation (through the implementation of the Stoltenberg report). Three observations stand out as a result: First, that the three dimensions are intimately related against the background of a common Nordic conceptualization of security; second, that there is simultaneously variation in significant respects (such as driving forces, scope, and degree of institutionalization); and third, that Nordic security and defence cooperation has developed in the context of European and transatlantic security dynamics and cooperation. The second part of the analysis seeks to interpret this picture from the analytical perspective of differentiated integration. The article ends with a set of reflections on the future of Nordic security and defence cooperation in light of the Coronavirus pandemic.</text>
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                <text>security, cooperation, CIVIL SECURITY, defence, Differentiated integration, Nordic, nordefco, haga process, stoltenberg</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Political science (General)</text>
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                <text>Los Relación entre los estilos de vida motilón-barí y militar durante la Operación San Roque</text>
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                <text>Daniela Trujillo-Hassan, Laura Arenas-Betancur, Cristian Armando Yepes-Lugo</text>
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                <text>La operación San Roque, desarrollada por el Ejército Nacional de Colombia dentro de la comunidad motilón-barí en respuesta a las contingencias provocadas por la pandemia de COVID-19, fue una labor humanitaria que permitió la entrega de bienes y servicios dentro del disputado territorio del Catatumbo. Esta labor constituyó un espacio en el que interactuaron dos grupos sociales que tienen estilos de vida diversos. El presente artículo analiza los estilos de vida en relación con las donaciones enunciadas, para lo cual se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, análisis de PCA y K-medias. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron conocer cómo los gustos, las necesidades y las opiniones de ambos grupos describen las limitaciones y los aportes que pueden tener las operaciones humanitarias del Ejército Nacional dentro de esta comunidad.</text>
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                <text>Estilo de vida, Discurso, relaciones cívico-militares, donaciones, Comunidad indígena, cultura tradicional</text>
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                <text>Revista Científica General José María Córdova</text>
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                <text>Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova”</text>
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                <text>Military Science</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>El diagnóstico imagenológico en la atención al paciente con infección por SARS-CoV-2</text>
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                <text>Zulma Luisa Barrera-Jay</text>
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                <text>Introducción: la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha requerido de una rápida respuesta de la especialidad Imagenología. Objetivo: ofrecer un referente respecto a la expresión de la COVID-19 en la tomografía computarizada del pulmón y en la radiografía simple de tórax. Método: en el Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto”, entre junio y octubre de 2020 se realizó una revisión narrativa sobre este tema a través de una búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos bibliográficas: Pubmed/Medline, ScienceDirect y SciELO. La búsqueda se realizó con el buscador Google Académico, y se usó palabras clave y conectores COVID-19 AND imaging; SARS-CoV-2 AND radiography; 2019-nCOV AND Computed tomography; SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, y los términos equivalentes en español. Resultado: los hallazgos más frecuentes en la tomografía pulmonar son la presencia de opacidades pulmonares con densidad en vidrio esmerilado (53-100 %), su asociación a focos de condensación (27-72 %) y engrosamiento intersticial con patrón de tipo empedrado (crazy-paving) (19 %). La expresión en la radiografía de pulmón es similar a la que se refleja en la tomografía computada. Conclusiones: estos medios diagnósticos son útiles para identificar la lesión pulmonar en la COVID-19. La afectación en vidrio deslustrado, aislada o en combinación con consolidaciones pulmonares es el hallazgo imagenológico más común. Las imágenes se deben interpretar con la consideración de las manifestaciones clínicas y el contexto epidemiológico con riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2. No obstante, sobre su base se han propuestos diversas escalas pronósticas que requieren ser validadas.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Radiografia, tomografía computarizada</text>
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                <text>Revista Información Científica</text>
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                <text>Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Random Network Transmission and Countermeasures in Containing Global Spread of COVID-19-Alike Pandemic: A Hybrid Modelling Approach</text>
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                <text>Yimin Zhou, Jun Li, Lingjian Ye, Zuguo Chen, Qingsong Luo, Xiangdong Wu, Haiyang Ni</text>
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                <text>Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at the beginning of December 2019, there have been more than 28.69 million cumulative confirmed cases worldwide as of 12th September 2020, affecting over 200 countries and regions with more than 920,463 deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic has been sweeping worldwide with unexpected rapidity. In this paper, a hybrid modelling strategy based on tessellation structure- (TS-) configured SEIR model is adopted to estimate the scale of the pandemic spread. Building on the data pertaining to the global pandemic transmission over the last six months around the world, key impact factors in the transmission and control procedure have been analysed, including isolation rate, number of the infected cases before taking prevention measures, degree of contact scope, and medical level, so as to capture the fundamental factor influencing the pandemic. The quantitative evaluation allowed us to illustrate the magnitude of risks of pandemic and to recommend appropriate national health policy of prevention measures for effectively controlling both intra- and interregional pandemic spread. Our modelling results clearly indicate that the early-stage preventive measures are the most effective action to be taken to contain the pandemic spread of the highly contagious nature of the COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>10.1155/2020/6703703</text>
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                <text>Complexity</text>
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                <text>Hindawi-Wiley</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Electronic computers. Computer science</text>
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                <text>On the True Number of COVID-19 Infections: Effect of Sensitivity, Specificity and Number of Tests on Prevalence Ratio Estimation</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Eitan Altman, Izza Mounir, Fatim-Zahra Najid, Samir  M. Perlaza</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50211">
                <text>In this paper, a formula for estimating the prevalence ratio of a disease in a population that is tested with imperfect tests is given. The formula is in terms of the fraction of positive test results and test parameters, i.e., probability of true positives (sensitivity) and the probability of true negatives (specificity). The motivation of this work arises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in which estimating the number of infected individuals depends on the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. In this context, it is shown that approximating the prevalence ratio by the ratio between the number of positive tests and the total number of tested individuals leads to dramatically high estimation errors, and thus, unadapted public health policies. The relevance of estimating the prevalence ratio using the formula presented in this work is that precision increases with the number of tests. Two conclusions are drawn from this work. First, in order to ensure that a reliable estimation is achieved with a finite number of tests, testing campaigns must be implemented with tests for which the sum of the sensitivity and the specificity is sufficiently different than one. Second, the key parameter for reducing the estimation error is the number of tests. For a large number of tests, as long as the sum of the sensitivity and specificity is different than one, the exact values of these parameters have very little impact on the estimation error.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>molecular, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cross-sectional studies, prevalence ratio, serological and medical imaging diagnostics</text>
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                <text>10.3390/ijerph17155328</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50215">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50216">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50218">
                <text>A Review on Recent Guidelines and Articles about Prevention of Covid-19 Infection in Dental Settings</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50219">
                <text>Ehsan Rafeemanesh, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Taraneh Movahhed, Orang Abdollahi</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50220">
                <text>Introduction: Dental services are high-risk centers to spread the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the type of treatment and closeness of the staff to patients. For this reason, several guidelines have been developed by international organizations regarding the necessity for complying with health standards in these centers. The present study aimed to review the guidelines and studies conducted on the prevention and control of COVID-19 in dental settings. Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out to investigate COVID-19 prevention and control strategies in dental settings. Several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, since 2019 to 2020 in addition to the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, National Health Service, and American Dental Association were reviewed through subject searching and used in the present study. Results: Studies have shown that the staff of dental centers similar to other health care workers is at high risk of getting COVID-19. The majority of published guidelines have emphasized the elimination of nonemergency measures and provision of remote counseling services to patients. In case of the need for an emergency visit, it is necessary to implement preventive measures, especially hand hygiene and protection measures, to prevent the spread of the virus through aerosol transmission. Conclusion: Due to the increasing prevalence of COVID-19, it is necessary to provide all dental staff with the essential information and training on prevention and control strategies based on scientific guidelines and standards. This issue can play an important role in reducing the number of patients and preventing the spread of the virus in the community.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50221">
                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50222">
                <text>control, Prevention, covid-19, Dentistry</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50223">
                <text>10.22038/jmds.2020.48058.1907</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50224">
                <text>Journal of Mashhad Dental School</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50225">
                <text>Mashhad University of Medical Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50226">
                <text>Medicine, Dentistry</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/05c4599d08a38cc528f1268a9fe6b224.pdf</src>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50227">
                <text>Open Access of COVID-19-related publications in the first quarter of 2020: a preliminary study based in PubMed [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50228">
                <text>Olatz Arrizabalaga, David Otaegui, Itziar Vergara, Julio Arrizabalaga, Eva Méndez</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50229">
                <text>Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has made funders, researchers and publishers agree to have research publications, as well as other research outputs, such as data, become openly available. In this extraordinary research context of the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, publishers are announcing that their coronavirus-related articles will be made immediately accessible in appropriate open repositories, like PubMed Central (PMC), agreeing upon funders’ and researchers’ instigation. Methods: This work uses Unpaywall, OpenRefine and PubMed to analyse the level of openness of the papers about COVID-19, published during the first quarter of 2020. It also analyses Open Access (OA) articles published about previous coronavirus (SARS CoV-1 and MERS CoV) as a means of comparison. Results: A total of 5,611 COVID-19-related articles were analysed from PubMed. This is a much higher amount for a period of 4 months compared to those found for SARS CoV-1 and MERS during the first year of their first outbreaks (337 and 125 articles, respectively).  Regarding the levels of openness, 97.4% of the SARS CoV-2 papers are freely available; similar rates were found for the other coronaviruses. Deeper analysis showed that (i) 68.3% of articles belong to an undefined Bronze category; (ii) 72.1% of all OA papers don’t carry a specific license and in all cases where there is, half of them do not meet Open Access standards; (iii)  there is a large proportion that present a copy in a repository, in most cases in PMC, where this trend is also observed. These patterns were found to be repeated in most frequent publishers: Elsevier, Springer and Wiley. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, although scientific production is much higher than during previous epidemics and is open, there is a caveat to this opening, characterized by the absence of fundamental elements and values ​​on which Open Science is based, such as licensing.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50230">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50231">
                <text>10.12688/f1000research.24136.2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50232">
                <text>Biotemas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50233">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50234">
                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/60b2b3482f2a74f27e18306a7df40fbe.pdf</src>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>COVID-19: A Driver for Disruptive Innovation of the Emergency Medicine Residency Application Process</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50236">
                <text>Benjamin H. Schnapp, Alexis Pelletier-Bui, Doug Franzen, Liza Smith, Laura Hopson, Lucienne Lutfy-Clayton, Kendra Parekh, Mark Olaf, Tom Morrissey, David Gordon, Erin McDonough, Mary Ann Edens, Michael Kiemeney</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50237">
                <text>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on undergraduate medical education with limitation of patient care activities and disruption to medical licensing examinations. In an effort to promote both safety and equity, the emergency medicine (EM) community has recommended no away rotations for EM applicants and entirely virtual interviews during this year’s residency application cycle. These changes affect the components of the EM residency application most highly regarded by program directors – Standardized Letters of Evaluation from EM rotations, board scores, and interactions during the interview. The Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine Application Process Improvement Committee suggests solutions not only for the upcoming year but also to address longstanding difficulties within the process, encouraging residency programs to leverage these challenges as an opportunity for disruptive innovation.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50239">
                <text>10.5811/westjem.2020.8.48234</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50240">
                <text>Western Journal of Emergency Medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50241">
                <text>eScholarship Publishing, University of California</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50242">
                <text>Medicine, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid</text>
              </elementText>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Response from Authors to the Letter to the Editor.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50244">
                <text>Juan Pablo Appendino, Steven Baker, Kristine M Chapman, Tamara Dykstra, Tabrez Hussein, Michelle-Lee Jones, Michelle M Mezei, Seyed M Mirsattari, Marcus Ng, Joanne Nikkel, Vaso Obradovic, Cecile Phan, Lawrence Robinson, Angela Scott, José Téllez-Zenteno, Michelle Van Niekerk, Shannon Venance, Fraser Moore</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.1017/cjn.2020.225</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50247">
                <text>The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50248">
                <text>Children Infected With SARS-CoV-2 From Family Clusters</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50249">
                <text>Dan Sun, Feng Zhu, Feng Zhu, Cheng Wang, Cheng Wang, Jing Wu, Jie Liu, Xue Chen, Zhisheng Liu, Zubo Wu, Xiaoxia Lu, Jiehui Ma, Hua Peng, Han Xiao</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50250">
                <text>Background: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is ongoing globally. Limited data are available for children with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods: A retrospective case study was conducted in one designated hospital for children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan.Results: Out of the 74 children with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the median age was 5.8 years, with no notable variation based on gender. All of the children had had direct exposure to at least one family member with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common symptoms were cough in 41 (55.4%) and fever in 38 (51.4%). Typical CT patterns of viral pneumonia were exhibited in 40 (54.1%) children, including ground-glass opacity and interstitial abnormalities. However, 17 (23.0%) children were classified as asymptomatic carriers, with neither symptoms nor radiological findings. Also, 68 (91.9%) children recovered fully and showed negative results on RT-PCR assay by nasopharyngeal swabs during our observation period. In contrast to the negative result for nasopharyngeal swab, 34% of the anal swabs showed a continued positive result. The mean hospitalization days of the children discharged after full recovery was 10.0 days.Conclusion: Within family clusters that had SARS-CoV-2 infection, children had mild or even asymptomatic illness. Although CT is highly sensitive, it should be avoided in follow-up of the disease in consideration of the radiological hazards and limited clinical benefits for mild illness in children. Furthermore, it is advocated that both nasopharyngeal and anal swabs should be confirmed negative for viral load prior to declaring full recovery so as to avoid oral-fecal transmission. Asymptomatic children with family clusters are potentially a little-known source of COVID-19. This therefore warrants an urgent reassessment of the transmission dynamics of the current outbreak.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50252">
                <text>Children, Viral pneumonia, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Family clusters</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50253">
                <text>10.3389/fped.2020.00386</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50254">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50255">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50256">
                <text>Pediatrics</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
