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                <text>COVID19, Renin-Angiotensin System and Endothelial Dysfunction</text>
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                <text>Razie Amraei, Nader Rahimi</text>
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                <text>The newly emergent novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed a serious threat to global public health and caused worldwide social and economic breakdown. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is expressed in human vascular endothelium, respiratory epithelium, and other cell types, and is thought to be a primary mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection. In physiological condition, ACE2 via its carboxypeptidase activity generates angiotensin fragments (Ang 1–9 and Ang 1–7), and plays an essential role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which is a critical regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis. SARS-CoV-2 via its surface spike glycoprotein interacts with ACE2 and invades the host cells. Once inside the host cells, SARS-CoV-2 induces acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), stimulates immune response (i.e., cytokine storm) and vascular damage. SARS-CoV-2 induced endothelial cell injury could exacerbate endothelial dysfunction, which is a hallmark of aging, hypertension, and obesity, leading to further complications. The pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and injury offers insights into COVID-19 associated mortality. Here we reviewed the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the roles of ACE2, RAS signaling, and a possible link between the pre-existing endothelial dysfunction and SARS-CoV-2 induced endothelial injury in COVID-19 associated mortality. We also surveyed the roles of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), including CD209L/L-SIGN and CD209/DC-SIGN in SARS-CoV-2 infection and other related viruses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of infection, the vascular damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 and pathways involved in the regulation of endothelial dysfunction could lead to new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 pandemic: Responding to the challenge of global shortage of personal protective equipment</text>
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                <text>Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava, Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava</text>
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                <text>The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues its upward growth in terms of the rising caseload, attributed deaths as well as the geographical distribution. Owing to the sudden rise in the number of cases, the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) has become very high and thus it resulted in their significant shortage. Hence, it is important to respond to the global shortage of PPE and this can be done by minimizing the need, promoting the rational use, and coordinating the supply chain mechanism. At the same time, steps should be taken to ensure more production of the PPE on an emergency basis. In conclusion, it is important to collectively respond to the shortage of PPE and ensure that they are available in adequate amount for the rational usage. However, the mere usage of PPE will not avert the possibility of acquisition of infection, unless it is supplemented with other standard infection prevention and control measures.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>World Health Organization;, Personal protective equipment, covid-19 pandemic</text>
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                <text>10.4103/SHB.SHB_17_20</text>
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                <text>Social Health and Behavior</text>
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                <text>Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Could the Inhibition of Endo-Lysosomal Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) by the Natural Flavonoid Naringenin Represent an Option to Fight SARS-CoV-2 Infection?</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Antonio Filippini, Antonella D'Amore, Fioretta Palombi, Armando Carpaneto, Armando Carpaneto</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV, Anti-viral treatment, therapeutic targets, naringenin, endo-lysosomal dysfunction, two-pore channel (TPC)</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fmicb.2020.00970</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Epidemic trends, public health response and health system capacity: the Chilean experience in four months of the COVID-19 pandemic</text>
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                <text>Mauricio Canals, Cristóbal Cuadrado, Andrea Canals, Karla Yohannessen, Luis A. Lefio, Maria P. Bertoglia, Pamela Eguiguren, Izkia Siches, Verónica Iglesias, Oscar Arteaga</text>
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                <text>coronavirus infections, Public health, pandemics, Health policy, Health Systems, Chile</text>
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                <text>Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública</text>
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                <text>Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Severe bradyarrhythmia requiring temporary pacemaker in a COVID-19 patient receiving lopinavir/ritonavir treatment: a case report</text>
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                <text>Zhenisgul Sh. Tlegenova, Bekbolat Zholdin, Meirambek S. Kurmangazin, Bulat K. Khamidulla, Zhambul E. Zhailybaev</text>
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                <text>A 74-year-old Asian female with a history of hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was admitted to hospital for coughing, shortness of breath and fatigue; her nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19.  Lopinavir/ritonavir 800mg/200 mg, daily was started. On the third day of antiviral therapy, the patient complained of dizziness, nausea, she was disorientated, and electrocardiogram showed sinus arrest, junctional escape rhythm 36 beats per min. Patient was successfully treated by temporary pacemaker, normal sinus rhythm was reverted on a 3rd  day after stopping the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment. She was discharged home in stable condition.  Bradyarrhythmia in form of sinus arrest can develop during treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir. The temporal nature of the observed changes and the ECG finding suggests the use of L/R contributed to the changes.  This case highlights off-label prescribing lopinavir/ritonavir outside of a clinical trial setting should be avoided until the data have proven that treatment benefit over placebo.</text>
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                <text>Adeshina I. Adekunle, Anton Pak, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Kazi M. Rahman, Kazi M. Rahman, Emma S. McBryde, Damon P. Eisen</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 is not only a global pandemic and public health crisis; it has also severely affected the global economy and financial markets. Significant reductions in income, a rise in unemployment, and disruptions in the transportation, service, and manufacturing industries are among the consequences of the disease mitigation measures that have been implemented in many countries. It has become clear that most governments in the world underestimated the risks of rapid COVID-19 spread and were mostly reactive in their crisis response. As disease outbreaks are not likely to disappear in the near future, proactive international actions are required to not only save lives but also protect economic prosperity.</text>
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                <text>Sophie I Mavrogeni, Genovefa Kolovou, Vasileios Tsirimpis, Dimitrios Kafetzis, Georgios Tsolas, Lampros Fotis</text>
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                <text>Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) recently reported in a minority of children affected by SARS-CoV-2, mimics Kawasaki disease (KD), a medium vessel vasculitis of unknown cause. In contrast to acute COVID-19 infection, which is usually mild in children, 68% of patients with MIS-C will need intensive care unit. Myocarditis and coronary artery ectasia/aneurysm are included between the main cardiovascular complications in MIS-C. Therefore, close clinical assessment is need it both at diagnosis and during follow-up. Echocardiography is the cornerstone modality for myocardial function and coronary artery evaluation in the acute phase. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) detects diffuse myocardial inflammation including oedema/fibrosis, myocardial perfusion and coronary arteries anatomy during the convalescence and in adolescents, where echocardiography may provide inadequate images. Brain involvement in MIS-C is less frequent compared to cardiovascular disease. However, it is not unusual and should be monitored by clinical evaluation and brain magnetic resonance (MRI), as we still do not know its effect in brain development. Brain MRI in MIS-C shows T2-hyperintense lesions associated with restricted diffusion and bilateral thalamic lesions. To conclude, MIS-C is a multisystem disease affecting many vital organs, such as heart and brain. Clinical awareness, application of innovative, high technology imaging modalities and advanced treatment protocols including supportive and anti-inflammatory medication will help physicians to prevent the dreadful complications of MIS-C.</text>
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                <text>echocardiography, Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, Brain magnetic resonance, MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children</text>
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                <text>Rheumatology international</text>
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                <text>Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Zammad Aslam, Talha Aslam, Rehana Ashraf, Muhammad Kashif, Hafiz Nasir</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="52300">
                <text>The researchers investigate Pakistani Premier Imran Khan’s (IK) addresses to the nation concerning awareness about the causes, effects, precautions, and solutions of the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19). Till the date, experts are not sure whether the vaccine will get developed or would we have to live with this as we did with HIV or Dengue. Consequently, leaders would need to address their nations, focusing specifically on precautions. The present research employs Aristotle’s persuasive and rhetorical devices, integrating them with Socio-Political Discourse Analysis (SPDA), to understand the social and political convincing style employed by the premiere. The researchers analyzed the data employing a qualitative approach. There are reliable findings to suggest that IK has used stable linguistic features to persuade the minds of the people, convincing them to follow the precautionary measures as ‘the only cure.’ The defending arguments about semi-lockdown or smart-lockdown were well-defined persuading the individuals; for instance, he suggested the smart-lockdown during his first address and faced criticism from the opposition. Later, the opposition and the world appreciated the policy of IK, the Premier of Pakistan, even being a developing country in the sight of the world. After one month of the first patient of the corona case reported in China, the policy of smart-lockdown was followed by most of the states fighting against COVID-19. Moreover, The Premier successfully persuaded the international financial organizations – IMF, World Bank, Development Banks, convincing them to waive off the pending payments of developing countries for the upcoming year. Keywords: COVID19, Persuasion, Socio-Political Discourse Analysis, Speeches, Linguistic Features</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="52301">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="52302">
                <text>10.18326/rgt.v13i1.208-230</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="52303">
                <text>Register Journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="52304">
                <text>IAIN Salatiga</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="52305">
                <text>English language, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
