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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A Translational Perspective of Maternal Immune Activation by SARS-CoV-2 on the Potential Prenatal Origin of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Role of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway</text>
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                <text>José Javier Reyes-Lagos, Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro, Juan Carlos Echeverría, Hugo Mendieta-Zerón, Hugo Mendieta-Zerón, Alejandra Vargas-Caraveo, Gustavo Pacheco-López</text>
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                <text>The emergent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could produce a maternal immune activation (MIA) via the inflammatory response during gestation that may impair fetal neurodevelopment and lead to postnatal and adulthood mental illness and behavioral dysfunctions. However, so far, limited evidence exists regarding long-term physiological, immunological, and neurodevelopmental modifications produced by the SARS-CoV-2 in the human maternal-fetal binomial and, particularly, in the offspring. Relevant findings derived from epidemiological and preclinical models show that a MIA is indeed linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that a gestational infection triggered by SARS-CoV-2 increases the risks leading to neurodevelopmental disorders of the newborn, which can affect childhood and the long-term quality of life. In particular, disruption of either the maternal or the fetal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) could cause or exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 in the maternal-fetal binomial. From a translational perspective, in this paper, we discuss the possible manifestation of a MIA by SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders considering the role of the fetal-maternal cytokine cross-talk and the CAP. Specifically, we highlight the urgent need of preclinical studies as well as multicenter and international databanks of maternal-fetal psychophysiological data obtained pre-, during, and post-infection by SARS-CoV-2 from pregnant women and their offspring.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, quality of life, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, human development, heart rate variability, neurodevelopmental disorders</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fpsyg.2021.614451</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Psychology</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Indicadores del impacto del cambio climático en la agricultura familiar andina colombiana</text>
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                <text>Jose Jesus Nuñez Rodriguez, Julio César Carvajal Rodríguez, Darcy Margarita Carrero Carreño, Omaira Mendoza Ferreira</text>
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                <text>Los modelos de evaluación de los impactos del cambio climático utilizados en la agricultura colombiana se han enfocado en cultivos tecnificados, sembrados en grandes superficies, obviando que el 67% de la producción nacional de alimentos provienen de pequeñas extensiones de policultivos cultivados, en su mayor parte, en suelos de ladera de la cordillera andina, por 3,5 millones de agricultores y que aportan el 57% del empleo rural. El presente artículo se deriva de un análisis de la metodología empleada por los autores en el proyecto de investigación denominado “Impactos económicos, ambientales y sociales del cambio climático en el sector agropecuario del Municipio Bochalema, Departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia, financiado por la Universidad de Santander (UDES) y que abarca el período comprendido entre enero de 2017 y mayo de 2018. Después de analizar diferentes modelos de evaluación de impactos ambientales se seleccionó el modelo de Presión, Estado, Respuesta (PER) de la OCDE, previa adaptación a las características específicas de pequeñas unidades de producción agrícola de subsistencia. Se evidenció la multidimensionalidad y complejidad de los factores relacionados con el clima, la producción, los recursos, las tecnologías, las familias y las políticas públicas, que obligan a la construcción de indicadores contextualizados a la agricultura familiar andina.</text>
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                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Cambio climático, bioindicadores</text>
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                <text>Revista Iberoamericana de Bioeconomía y Cambio Climàtico</text>
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                <text>Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/REBICAMCLI/article/view/92" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/REBICAMCLI/article/view/92&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Metodología de investigación enfocado en el análisis Cualitativo–Cuantitativo aplicado a los Factores que condicionan la deserción escolar de los alumnos de secundaria Somotillo</text>
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                <text>Jose Joel Ordoñez, Vianey Fornos-Garcia</text>
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                <text>En el presente estudio se investigó  de manera concreta y especifica con el propósito de validar y/o experimentar un trabajo para su posterior documentación con artículos bien documentados que son de gran utilidad para la sociedad.  Por medio de la investigación cualitativa o cuantitativa que efectúan los investigadores, ya sea éste de acuerdo a su desempeño donde se desenvuelven o resultados obtenidos, muchos de estos son aprovechados por las sociedades, así como otros de ninguna manera.</text>
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                <text>2017</text>
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                <text>Cualicuatitativo, Modelos cualitativo, metodología</text>
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                <text>Economic theory. Demography, Meteorology. Climatology</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/REBICAMCLI/article/view/82" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/REBICAMCLI/article/view/82&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Sostenibilidad urbana en el contexto latinoamericano y en el europeo = Urban sustainability in the Latinoamerican and in the European context</text>
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                <text>José Jorge Peralta Arias</text>
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                <text>Resumen  La insostenibilidad constituye un tema de reflexión obligada en los momentos actuales que vive el planeta, en donde los grandes desafíos a enfrentar están marcados por el cambio climático, el crecimiento poblacional y la urbanización acelerada, cuyas secuelas van de la mano del consumo irracional de recursos, la contaminación, la desigualdad y la pobreza. En Latinoamérica, esta situación se ve reflejada en un crecimiento urbano discontinuo, periferias pobres, bajas densidades, déficit de infraestructuras y servicios, entre otros factores que han sido considerados detonantes de problemas socio ambientales y de salud de su población; hechos que exigen ser tratados mediante procesos de planeamiento más integrales, que incluyan criterios de sostenibilidad y mecanismos de medición como indicadores e índices de sostenibilidad, para que ayuden a forjar ciudades y territorios más sostenibles. La investigación tiene como objetivo contrastar la realidad latinoamericana con otras realidades ya destacadas en el tema como la europea a través del caso español, con el fin de superar la visión sectorial del análisis. Los aportes más relevantes, se conjugan en una batería de indicadores referenciales con énfasis en la dimensión física ambiental, que podrían ser útiles al momento de plantear un modelo de Unidad Barrial Sostenible (UBS) para Latinoamérica.  The unsustainability is a subject of reflection forced in the current moments that the planet lives, where the great challenges to face are marked by climate change, population growth and accelerated urbanization, whose consequences go hand in hand with the irrational consumption of resources, pollution, inequality and poverty. In Latin America, this situation is reflected in discontinuous urban growth, poor peripheries, low densities, lack of infrastructure and services, among other factors that have been considered triggers of socio-environmental and health problems of its population; facts that require to be treated through more comprehensive planning processes, including sustainability criteria and measurement mechanisms such as indicators and sustainability indices, to help forge more sustainable cities and territories. The research aims to contrast the Latin American reality with other realities already highlighted in the subject, such as the European one through the Spanish case, in order to overcome the sector vision of analysis. The most relevant contributions are combined in a battery of reference indicators with emphasis on the physical environmental dimension, which could be useful when proposing a Sustainable Neighborhood Unit model (UBS) for Latin America.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>AMÉRICA LATINA, Indicadores urbanos, Latin America, periferia urbana, sostenibilidad, sustainability, sustainable neighborhood unit (ubs), unidad barrial sostenible (ubs), urban indicators, urban periphery</text>
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                <text>10.20868/ciur.2020.131.4465</text>
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                <text>Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="198361">
                <text>Universidad Politécnica de Madrid</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://polired.upm.es/index.php/ciur/article/view/4465" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://polired.upm.es/index.php/ciur/article/view/4465&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>La periferia espontánea en las ciudades intermedias latinoamericanas: perspectivas de solución desde la dimensión territorial-ambiental de la sostenibilidad</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="205212">
                <text>José Jorge Peralta Arias, Ester Higueras García</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="205213">
                <text>La investigación aborda el problema de la insostenibilidad de la periferia espontánea en las ciudades intermedias latinoamericanas, cuya informalidad ha determinado un crecimiento discontinuo, una baja densidad y el déficit de infraestructuras y dotaciones; a esto, se suman los riesgos futuros por desastres de origen natural asociados al cambio climático. En dicho contexto, el trabajo se plantea como objetivo central contribuir a solucionar este problema, a partir de una propuesta metodológica para el estudio de las periferias espontáneas de las ciudades latinoamericanas de escala intermedia, desde la perspectiva del desarrollo sostenible, poniendo énfasis en la dimensión física, ambiental y climática. Para ello, la investigación se organiza en tres partes: revisión y análisis de la información existente sobre la temática y consulta a expertos, para la determinación de criterios; la determinación de acciones prioritarias; y una propuesta de estructura que sustenta un sistema de indicadores. Los resultados del trabajo proponen una batería de treinta y nueve (39) indicadores referenciales, articulados en cuatro subsistemas relacionados con: la vulnerabilidad física-ambiental y climática, el eje ambiental, el desarrollo urbano y la cohesión social. Estos constituyen la principal conclusión del trabajo, el que, se espera, será útil para comenzar a tomar las primeras decisiones frente al problema de este tipo de periferias.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="205214">
                <text>2017</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="205215">
                <text>AMÉRICA LATINA, Desarrollo sustentable, Renovación Urbana, diagnóstico ambiental</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="205216">
                <text>Urbano</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="205217">
                <text>Universidad del Bío-Bío</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="205218">
                <text>Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, Architecture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="205219">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/RU/article/view/2694" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/RU/article/view/2694&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Factores que afectan la producción agrícola bajo riego: cómo medirlos y estudiar su efecto</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="145084">
                <text>José L. Espinosa-Espinosa, Enrique Palacios-Vélez, Leonardo Tijerina-Chávez, Carlos A. Ortiz-Solorio, Adolfo Exebio-García, Cesáreo Landeros-Sánchez</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="145085">
                <text>Hay varios grupos de factores que afectan el rendimiento de los cultivos agrícolas bajo riego; entre ellos destacan los meteorológicos, los de manejo y los relativos a la variabilidad espacial de los terrenos. Los primeros pueden afectar de forma seria los rendimientos y es poco lo que puede hacerse para aminorar su efecto. Los de manejo dependen en gran parte de las decisiones que tomen los productores y de los medios que disponen para realizar sus actividades. El tercer grupo, que depende de la variabilidad espacial de los terrenos, tiene un notable efecto para los productores que rentan tierras que han sido cultivadas por otros productores o que presentan variabilidad debido a condiciones físicas del suelo y la forma en que se han manejado. En el Distrito de Riego 038 de Río Mayo, en Sonora, México, se le ha dado el seguimiento a los cultivos durante varios años mediante sensores remotos satelitales y se han podido medir los efectos de estos factores, así como generar recomendaciones para aminorar los impactos negativos en los rendimientos. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar los resultados obtenidos y la manera de hacerlos del conocimiento de los productores, mediante un visor en Internet.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="145086">
                <text>2018</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="145087">
                <text>Variabilidad espacial, agricultura de precisión, evapotranspiración, percepción remota, índices de vegetación</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="145088">
                <text>10.24850/j-tyca-2018-02-07</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="145089">
                <text>Tecnología y ciencias del agua</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="145090">
                <text>Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="145091">
                <text>Hydraulic engineering, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="145092">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.revistatyca.org.mx/ojs/index.php/tyca/article/view/1675" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.revistatyca.org.mx/ojs/index.php/tyca/article/view/1675&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein ion channel activity promotes virus fitness and pathogenesis.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2087">
                <text>Jose L. Nieto-Torres, Marta L. DeDiego, Carmina Verdiá-Báguena, Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño, Jose A Regla-Nava, Raul Fernandez-Delgado, Carlos Castaño-Rodriguez, Antonio Alcaraz, Jaume Torres, Vicente M. Aguilella, Luis Enjuanes</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2088">
                <text>Deletion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) envelope (E) gene attenuates the virus. E gene encodes a small multifunctional protein that possesses ion channel (IC) activity, an important function in virus-host interaction. To test the contribution of E protein IC activity in virus pathogenesis, two recombinant mouse-adapted SARS-CoVs, each containing one single amino acid mutation that suppressed ion conductivity, were engineered. After serial infections, mutant viruses, in general, incorporated compensatory mutations within E gene that rendered active ion channels. Furthermore, IC activity conferred better fitness in competition assays, suggesting that ion conductivity represents an advantage for the virus. Interestingly, mice infected with viruses displaying E protein IC activity, either with the wild-type E protein sequence or with the revertants that restored ion transport, rapidly lost weight and died. In contrast, mice infected with mutants lacking IC activity, which did not incorporate mutations within E gene during the experiment, recovered from disease and most survived. Knocking down E protein IC activity did not significantly affect virus growth in infected mice but decreased edema accumulation, the major determinant of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leading to death. Reduced edema correlated with lung epithelia integrity and proper localization of Na+/K+ ATPase, which participates in edema resolution. Levels of inflammasome-activated IL-1β were reduced in the lung airways of the animals infected with viruses lacking E protein IC activity, indicating that E protein IC function is required for inflammasome activation. Reduction of IL-1β was accompanied by diminished amounts of TNF and IL-6 in the absence of E protein ion conductivity. All these key cytokines promote the progression of lung damage and ARDS pathology. In conclusion, E protein IC activity represents a new determinant for SARS-CoV virulence.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2089">
                <text>2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2090">
                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004077</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2091">
                <text>PLoS Pathogens</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2092">
                <text>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2093">
                <text>Biology (General), Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2094">
                <text>EN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="3468" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/361bf188f83921e1e48e90ebfd2289d8.pdf</src>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32104">
                <text>Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32105">
                <text>José L. Peñalvo, Ian Grant, Dietrich Plass, Elena von der Lippe, Jane Idavain, Sarah Cuschieri, Marek Majdan, Grant M A Wyper, Sara M Pires, Juanita A Haagsma, Eilidh Fletcher, Ricardo Assunção, Elena Pallari, Diane L. Stockton, Brecht Devleeschauwer, Henk B. M. Hilderink, Tina Lesnik, Milena S. Milicevic, João V. Santos, Sofie Theresa Thomsen</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="32106">
                <text>Abstract Background Evidence has emerged showing that elderly people and those with pre-existing chronic health conditions may be at higher risk of developing severe health consequences from COVID-19. In Europe, this is of particular relevance with ageing populations living with non-communicable diseases, multi-morbidity and frailty. Published estimates of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study help to characterise the extent of these effects. Our aim was to identify the countries across Europe that have populations at highest risk from COVID-19 by using estimates of population age structure and YLD for health conditions linked to severe illness from COVID-19. Methods Population and YLD estimates from GBD 2017 were extracted for 45 countries in Europe. YLD was restricted to a list of specific health conditions associated with being at risk of developing severe consequences from COVID-19 based on guidance from the United Kingdom Government. This guidance also identified individuals aged 70 years and above as being at higher risk of developing severe health consequences. Study outcomes were defined as: (i) proportion of population aged 70 years and above; and (ii) rate of YLD for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions across all ages. Bivariate groupings were established for each outcome and combined to establish overall population-level vulnerability. Results Countries with the highest proportions of elderly residents were Italy, Greece, Germany, Portugal and Finland. When assessments of population-level YLD rates for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions were made, the highest rates were observed for Bulgaria, Czechia, Croatia, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A bivariate analysis indicated that the countries at high-risk across both measures of vulnerability were: Bulgaria; Portugal; Latvia; Lithuania; Greece; Germany; Estonia; and Sweden. Conclusion Routine estimates of population structures and non-fatal burden of disease measures can be usefully combined to create composite indicators of vulnerability for rapid assessments, in this case to severe health consequences from COVID-19. Countries with available results for sub-national regions within their country, or national burden of disease studies that also use sub-national levels for burden quantifications, should consider using non-fatal burden of disease estimates to estimate geographical vulnerability to COVID-19.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32107">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>coronavirus, burden of disease, daly, SUMMARY MEASURES OF POPULATION HEALTH, YLD, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00433-y</text>
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                <text>Archives of Public Health</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>The role of Public Health resources in coping and treating COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Jose L. Vilchez</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Introduction: The COVID-19 crisis has put the management of various political systems to the test. There is possibly nothing more evident than the number of infected and deaths in a country as an index of the effectiveness of politicians in coping a crisis. The citizen is a customer. They pay their taxes and they have all the right to demand their politicians to be efficient in protecting their rights. In this sense, there is no right above the right to life. Some governments have attempted to shift the focus of their responsibility on the public health state budgets of previous governments, as an excuse for its catastrophic management. Objective: This work precisely analyzes whether there is any statistically significant relationship between the budget dedicated to public health services and the number of infected and deaths by COVID-19. Methods: A non-parametric analysis of Kendall's Tau b was carried out for Public Health Expenditure (both public and private investment) and the number of COVID-19 infections (in 178 countries) and deaths (in 162 countries; provided by John Hopkins University). Results: Results showed that there is not only a negative relationship (between higher spending on health and fewer affected people) but, surprisingly, there is a positive relationship between these variables. Conclusions: One possible hypothesis is that the fact of having a health system with more resources makes politicians be more confident when facing health crisis.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, pandemia, sistemas de salud, gestión política, modelos de crisis</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine, Medicine (General)</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Caracterización química de nuevas variedades de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a la sequía</text>
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                <text>José Leonardo Ledea-Rodríguez, Dani Verdecia-Acosta, Orestes La-O-León, Jorge Valentín Ray-Ramírez, Juan José Reyes-Pérez, Bernardo Murillo-Amador</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>El cambio climático ha modificado el comportamiento de las variables del clima, por esta razón, los pastos manifiestan un comportamiento productivo estacional, donde se modifica la deposición de carbohidratos estructurales, y en algunos casos la absorción de minerales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar, en variedades de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a la sequía, la composición química de hojas y tallos a diferentes edades de rebrote en condiciones de sequía estacional. El periodo experimental abarcó del año 2013 al 2015, en la Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias “Jorge Dimitrov”. Se empleó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial, y se caracterizó la dinámica de la composición química de hojas y tallos de nuevas variedades de C. purpureus, en diferentes edades de rebrote y diferentes períodos climáticos (lluvioso y poco lluvioso) y su combinación (4 x 3 x 2). La interacción edad de rebrote con estación climática afectó la composición química de las hojas (p≤0,001), alteró el contenido de celulosa (Cel), hemicelulosa (Hcel), fibra en detergente neutro (FDN), fibra en detergente ácido (FDA), contenido celular (CC), calcio (Ca) y sílice (Si), mientras que, en los tallos esta interacción solo afectó la concentración de FDA. El efecto aislado de la estación climática modificó en hojas (p≤0,01) el contenido de fósforo (P) y lignina (Lig), en tallos el contenido de P (p≤0,001). Cuando varió la edad de rebrote, hubo una modificación de la composición química de las hojas (proteína bruta y Lig) y de los tallos (proteína bruta). Las nuevas variedades de C. purpureus, bajo condiciones de degradación y sequía estacional, mostraron un patrón de comportamiento químico semejante al de las gramíneas tropicales, pero con bajos contenidos de proteína y fósforo.</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>carbohidratos, gramíneas, pared celular, plantas forrajeras</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="203786">
                <text>10.15517/ma.v29i3.32910</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Agronomía Mesoamericana</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Universidad de Costa Rica</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Agriculture</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/32910" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/32910&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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