81 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/3d2d08a5919b8a31e0d46f4ccc92b56d.pdf 523a2ff2fc1b8250ddde57041140a3b1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The role of myeloid cell activation and arginine metabolism in the pathogenesis of virus-induced diseases Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kristina S. Burrack, Thomas E. Morrison Description An account of the resource When an antiviral immune response is generated, a balance must be reached between two opposing pathways: the production of proinflammatory and cytotoxic effectors that drive a robust antiviral immune response to control the infection and regulators that function to limit or blunt an excessive immune response to minimize immune-mediated pathology and repair tissue damage. Myeloid cells, including monocytes and macrophages, play an important role in this balance, particularly through the activities of the arginine-hydrolyzing enzymes nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2; iNOS) and arginase 1 (Arg1). Nitric oxide (NO) production by iNOS is an important proinflammatory mediator, whereas Arg1-expressing macrophages contribute to the resolution of inflammation and wound repair. In the context of viral infections, expression of these enzymes can result in a variety of outcomes for the host. NO has direct antiviral properties against some viruses, whereas during other virus infections NO can mediate immunopathology and/or inhibit the antiviral immune response to promote chronic infection. Arg1 activity has important wound healing functions but can also inhibit the antiviral immune response during some viral infections. Thus, depending on the specific virus and the tissue(s) involved, the activity of both of these arginine-hydrolyzing enzymes can either exacerbate or limit the severity of virus-induced disease. In this review, we will discuss a variety of viral infections, including HIV, SARS-CoV, LCMV, HCV, RSV, and others, where myeloid cells influence the control and clearance of the virus from the host, as well as the severity and resolution of tissue damage, via the activities of iNOS and/or Arg1. Clearly, monocyte/macrophage activation and arginine metabolism will continue to be important areas of investigation in the context of viral infections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Arginase, Immunity, Cellular, macrophages, iNOS, Viral pathogenicity Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00428 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Immunology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Immunologic diseases. Allergy Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/062ead981ddce324e3c704a48d4e5f2a.pdf 59b90b7dcc25c360f56e932aa717863d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Successes and challenges of the One Health approach in Kenya over the last decade Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Peninah M. Munyua, M. Kariuki Njenga, Eric M. Osoro, Clayton O. Onyango, Austine O. Bitek, Athman Mwatondo, Mathew K. Muturi, Norah Musee, Godfrey Bigogo, Elkanah Otiang, Fredrick Ade, Sara A. Lowther, Robert F. Breiman, John Neatherlin, Joel Montgomery, Marc-Alain Widdowson Description An account of the resource Abstract More than 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in origin and a transdisciplinary, multi-sectoral One Health approach is a key strategy for their effective prevention and control. In 2004, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention office in Kenya (CDC Kenya) established the Global Disease Detection Division of which one core component was to support, with other partners, the One Health approach to public health science. After catalytic events such as the global expansion of highly pathogenic H5N1 and the 2006 East African multi-country outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever, CDC Kenya supported key Kenya government institutions including the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries to establish a framework for multi-sectoral collaboration at national and county level and a coordination office referred to as the Zoonotic Disease Unit (ZDU). The ZDU has provided Kenya with an institutional framework to highlight the public health importance of endemic and epidemic zoonoses including RVF, rabies, brucellosis, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, anthrax and other emerging issues such as anti-microbial resistance through capacity building programs, surveillance, workforce development, research, coordinated investigation and outbreak response. This has led to improved outbreak response, and generated data (including discovery of new pathogens) that has informed disease control programs to reduce burden of and enhance preparedness for endemic and epidemic zoonotic diseases, thereby enhancing global health security. Since 2014, the Global Health Security Agenda implemented through CDC Kenya and other partners in the country has provided additional impetus to maintain this effort and Kenya’s achievement now serves as a model for other countries in the region. Significant gaps remain in implementation of the One Health approach at subnational administrative levels; there are sustainability concerns, competing priorities and funding deficiencies. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Subject The topic of the resource zoonosis, Cross-sectoral collaboration global health security Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6772-7 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived BMC Public Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available BMC Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Public aspects of medicine Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/74a4e6d886ba3e4f7081cacd57906b30.pdf 93e25f133764af134e68afc441105796 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Progress in public health risk communication in China: lessons learned from SARS to H7N9 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Melinda Frost, Richun Li, Ronald Moolenaar, Qun’an Mao, Ruiqian Xie Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Following the SARS outbreak, the World Health Organization revised the International Health Regulations to include risk communication as one of the core capacity areas. In 2006, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Global Disease Detection [GDD] program began collaborating with China to enhance China’s risk communication capacity to address gaps in the SARS communication response. This article describes tangible improvements in China’s public health emergency risk communication capacity between the SARS and H7N9 outbreaks; documents U.S. CDC GDD cooperative technical assistance during 2006–2017; and shares lessons learnt to benefit other countries and contribute to enhance global health security. Method A questionnaire based on the WHO Joint External Evaluation tool [Risk Communication section] was developed. A key communications official from the China National Health Commission [NHC] completed the questionnaire retrospectively to reflect China’s capacity to manage communication response before, during and after the outbreaks of SARS in 2003, influenza H1N1 in 2009, and influenza H7N9 in 2013. A literature search was also conducted in English and Chinese to further substantiate the results of the questionnaire completed by NHC. Results China demonstrated significantly improved risk communication capacities of pre-event, during event and post event responses to H7N9 when compared to the SARS response. China NHC improved its response through preparedness, availability of dedicated staff and resources for risk communication, internal clearance mechanisms, standard operating procedures with national response parties external to NHC, rumor management, communication with international agencies and consistent messaging with healthcare and private sectors. Correspondingly, the perceived level of trust that the public had in the NHC following outbreaks rose between the SARS and H7N9 response. Conclusion Risk communication capacities in China have increased during the ten years between the SARS outbreak of 2003 and the H7N9 outbreak of 2013. Long-term risk communication capacity building efforts in bilateral collaborations are uncommon. The U.S. CDC GDD project was one of the first such collaborations worldwide. The lessons learned from this project may benefit lower and middle-income countries as they build their national emergency risk communication capacity. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Subject The topic of the resource Global Health Security, risk communications, China, International Health Regulations, Global disease detection, SARS Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6778-1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived BMC Public Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available BMC Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Public aspects of medicine Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/a1b90519545d1f787a8bb81c7e07728c.pdf d7a55ef5449e16b7ea9126cc2488c34d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Modeling Heterogeneity in Direct Infectious Disease Transmission in a Compartmental Model Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lingcai Kong, Jinfeng Wang, Weiguo Han, Zhidong Cao Description An account of the resource Mathematical models have been used to understand the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and to assess the impact of intervention strategies. Traditional mathematical models usually assume a homogeneous mixing in the population, which is rarely the case in reality. Here, we construct a new transmission function by using as the probability density function a negative binomial distribution, and we develop a compartmental model using it to model the heterogeneity of contact rates in the population. We explore the transmission dynamics of the developed model using numerical simulations with different parameter settings, which characterize different levels of heterogeneity. The results show that when the reproductive number, R0, is larger than one, a low level of heterogeneity results in dynamics similar to those predicted by the homogeneous mixing model. As the level of heterogeneity increases, the dynamics become more different. As a test case, we calibrated the model with the case incidence data for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Beijing in 2003, and the estimated parameters demonstrated the effectiveness of the control measures taken during that period. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Subject The topic of the resource infectious diseases, mathematical models, homogeneous mixing, heterogeneity, negative binomial distribution Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030253 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/9330234996d44fab50609a5a38e0e693.pdf bcde0169c47eba82addb3518a17720d9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Daphnia lumholtzi Sars, 1885 (Cladocera: Daphniidae) invades Argentina Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexey A. Kotov, Derek J. Taylor Description An account of the resource The extent of freshwater biological invasions is difficult to predict. The thermophilic Daphnia lumholtzi Sars, 1885) (Cladocera: Daphniidae) has successfully invaded a large section of temperate North America from an Old World source, damaging ecosystems and fisheries. The species was later reported introduced into Mexico and Brazil. Here we report D. lumholtzi in Argentina - the most southerly record in the New World for this species. Our genetic analyses establish haplotype identity with North American specimens, consistent with the colonization of South America from North America. The detection dates of the records in South America and the association with the Paraná River, provide evidence that river ways play a role in expansion of D. lumholtzi. The invasion of D. lumholtzi has now reached a similar wide latitudinal span to the distribution in the Old World. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Daphnia, invasion, Cladocera, zooplankton, Neotropical Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2014.920 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Limnology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available PAGEPress Publications Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Environmental sciences, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Physical geography Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/0bcbf3e94feea7daafb3fc3dabd81626.pdf c2d6679cdc77bc028ee30e516ca7c212 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Simultaneous detection and differentiation of canine parvovirus and feline parvovirus by high resolution melting analysis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Yaru Sun, Yuening Cheng, Peng Lin, Hewei Zhang, Li Yi, Mingwei Tong, Zhigang Cao, Shuang Li, Shipeng Cheng, Jianke Wang Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are causative agents of diarrhea in dogs and cats, which manifests as depression, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, leucopenia, and diarrhea in young animals. CPV and FPV can single or mixed infect cats and cause disease. To diagnose sick animals effectively, an effective virus diagnostic and genome typing method with high sensitivity and specificity is required. Results In this study, a conserved segment containing one SNP A4408C of parvovirus was used for real-time PCR amplification. Subsequently, data were auto-analyzed and plotted using Applied Biosystems® High Resolution Melt Software v3.1. Results showed that CPV and FPV can be detected simultaneously in a single PCR reaction. No cross-reactions were observed with canine adenovirus, canine coronavirus, and canine distemper virus. The assay had a detection limit of 4.2 genome copies of CPV and FPV. A total of 80 clinical samples were subjected to this assay, as well as to conventional PCR-sequence assay and virus isolation. Results showed that the percentage of agreement of the assay and other methods are high. Conclusions In short, we have developed a diagnostic test for the accurate detection and differentiation of CPV and FPV in fecal samples, which is also cost effective. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Subject The topic of the resource simultaneous detection, Differentiation, canine parvovirus, Feline parvovirus, HRM Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1898-5 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived BMC Veterinary Research Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available BMC Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Veterinary medicine Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/158e5e4e4dcf2c6e6da85d29db5b79c4.pdf dbbf08778dd987c20be95347b9786caf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Differential regulation of self-reactive CD4 T cells in cervical lymph nodes and central nervous system during viral encephalomyelitis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carine Savarin, Cornelia C. Bergmann, David R. Hinton, Stephen A. Stohlman Description An account of the resource Viral infections have long been implicated as triggers of autoimmune diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disorder. Epitope spreading, molecular mimicry, cryptic antigen and bystander activation have been implicated as mechanisms responsible for activating self-reactive (SR) immune cells, ultimately leading to organ-specific autoimmune disease. Taking advantage of coronavirus JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) induced demyelination, this study demonstrates that the host also mounts counteractive measures to specifically limit expansion of endogenous SR T cells. In this model, immune mediated demyelination is associated with induction of SR T cells after viral control. However, their decline during persisting infection, despite ongoing demyelination, suggests an active control mechanism.Antigen-specific IL-10 secreting CD4+ T cells (Tr1) and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), both known to control autoimmunity and induced following JHMV infection, were assessed for their relative in vivo suppressive function of SR T cells. Ablation of Foxp3+ Tregs in chronically infected DEREG mice significantly increased SR CD4+ T cells within cervical lymph nodes (CLN), albeit without affecting their numbers or activation within the CNS compared to controls. In contrast, infected IL-27 receptor deficient (IL-27R-/-) mice, characterized by a drastic reduction of Tr1 cells, revealed that SR CD4+ T cells in CLN remained unchanged, but were specifically increased within the CNS. These results suggest that distinct regulatory T cell subsets limit SR T cells in the draining lymph nodes and CNS to maximize suppression of SR T cell mediated autoimmune pathology. The JHMV model is thus valuable to decipher tissue specific mechanisms preventing autoimmunity. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Subject The topic of the resource autoimmunity, central nervous system, CD4+ T cells, Viral infection, Tr1 cells, FOXP3+ regulatory T cells Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00370 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Immunology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Immunologic diseases. Allergy Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/97b06be9212b42f55f008f2403bf345e.pdf d349108ae2e588f1548a5c8942bb14a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decreased Power but Preserved Bursting Features of Subthalamic Neuronal Signals in Advanced Parkinson's Patients under Controlled Desflurane Inhalation Anesthesia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sheng-Huang Lin, Hsin-Yi Lai, Yu-Chun Lo, Chin Chou, Yi-Ting Chou, Shih-Hung Yang, I Sun, Bo-Wei Chen, Ching-Fu Wang, Guan-Tze Liu, Fu-Shan Jaw, Shin-Yuan Chen, You-Yin Chen Description An account of the resource Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) under general anesthesia (GA) had been used in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who are unable tolerate awake surgery. The effect of anesthetics on intraoperative microelectrode recording (MER) remains unclear. Understanding the effect of anesthetics on MER is important in performing STN DBS surgery with general anesthesia. In this study, we retrospectively performed qualitive and quantitative analysis of STN MER in PD patients received STN DBS with controlled desflurane anesthesia or LA and compared their clinical outcome. From January 2005 to March 2006, 19 consecutive PD patients received bilateral STN DBS surgery in Hualien Tzu-Chi hospital under either desflurane GA (n = 10) or LA (n = 9). We used spike analysis (frequency and modified burst index [MBI]) and the Hilbert transform to obtain signal power measurements for background and spikes, and compared the characterizations of intraoperative microelectrode signals between the two groups. Additionally, STN firing pattern characteristics were determined using a combined approach based on the autocorrelogram and power spectral analysis, which was employed to investigate differences in the oscillatory activities between the groups. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) before and after surgery. The results revealed burst firing was observed in both groups. The firing frequencies were greater in the LA group and MBI was comparable in both groups. Both the background and spikes were of significantly greater power in the LA group. The power spectra of the autocorrelograms were significantly higher in the GA group between 4 and 8 Hz. Clinical outcomes based on the UPDRS were comparable in both groups before and after DBS surgery. Under controlled light desflurane GA, burst features of the neuronal firing patterns are preserved in the STN, but power is reduced. Enhanced low-frequency (4–8 Hz) oscillations in the MERs for the GA group could be a characteristic signature of desflurane's effect on neurons in the STN. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource Parkinson's disease, Subthalamic Nucleus, deep brain stimulation, microelectrode recording, desflurane general anesthesia, low-frequency oscillation Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00701 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Neuroscience Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/3572fd59870ad29fd32c9d033727e4ae.pdf 74acc588ac90dabec7a7e743da3fd893 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Acute respiratory infections in children Infecções respiratórias agudas em crianças Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles Anthony Hart, Luis E Cuevas Description An account of the resource Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of mortality in children under five years of age worldwide and most of these deaths are due to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Recent evidence from studies using genome detection systems such as polymerase chain reaction or micro-array technology show that, in most cases, these deaths are caused or precipitated by viruses. In this paper, the definitions of upper and lower respiratory tract infections are reviewed. The principal signs of disease severity and the burden of viruses as causes of ARI are described. The prominent role of Respiratory Syncytial Virus is stressed, with data from epidemiological and clinical studies. Other important viral pathogens, such as Human Metapneumovirus, Human coronaviruses and Influenza are examined. The role of newly described viruses, such as bocavirus, is also discussed. The impact of HIV/AIDS in ARI burden and presentation assessed and the weight of Pneumocystis jiroveci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections is recognized. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to improve diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines, as well as macro and micronutrient intake of children of the world, particularly in developing countries.As infecções respiratórias agudas (IRA) são as principais causas da40 mortalidade mundial em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade e a maioria dessas mortes são próprias da bronquiolite e pneumonia. Recentes evidências de estudos usando sistemas de detecção no genoma tais como reação em cadeia da polimerase ou tecnologia de microarrays mostram que, na maioria dos casos, essas mortes são causadas ou precipitadas por vírus. Neste artigo, as definições das infecções dos tratos respiratórios superior e inferior são revisadas. Os principais sinais da gravidade da doença e a carga viral como causas da IRA estão descritas. O papel proeminente do vírus sincicial respiratório é enfatizado, com dados de estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Outros importantes patógenos virais, tais como o metapneumovírus humano, o coronavírus humano e influenza são examinados. O papel dos vírus recentemente descritos tais como o bocavírus, é também discutido. O impacto do HIV/AIDS na apresentação e ônus da IRA é avaliado e a sobrecarga das infecções de Pneumocystis jiroveci e Mycobacterium tuberculosis é reconhecidas. Conclui-se que há uma necessidade urgente de melhorar o diagnóstico, a terapêutica e as vacinas, bem como a ingestão de macro e micronutrientes das crianças do mundo, particularmente aquelas de países em desenvolvimento. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Subject The topic of the resource infecções respiratórias agudas, Crianças, virus, acute respiratory infections, Children, Viruses Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1590/S1519-38292007000100003 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Gynecology and obstetrics Language A language of the resource EN, PT https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/8324a3c13286319e193e68c6ba8af004.pdf 7ece81c3b46406cc7eb78c8d1256c8a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Thiazolidine-2,4-dione-Based Chlorophenylthiosemicarbazone Hybrids Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nazar Trotsko, Urszula Kosikowska, Agata Paneth, Tomasz Plech, Anna Malm, Monika Wujec Description An account of the resource Series of new thiazolidine-2,4-dione-based chlorophenylthiosemicarbazone hybrids (17–40) were synthesized by the reaction of condensation chlorophenylthiosemicarbazides with formylphenyl 2-(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl/ylidene)acetates. New compounds were tested on reference strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of target compounds was determined by broth dilution method. Most active compounds possess minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 3.91 mg/L. These compounds were non-toxic at concentrations close to their antibacterial effect. The antibacterial activity of some compounds was similar to or higher than the activity of used reference drugs such as oxacillin and cefuroxime. The structure–activity relationships (SARs) analysis collectively suggests that at least two different molecular mechanisms of their antibacterial activity should be expected. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Subject The topic of the resource thiazolidine-2, 4-dione, chlorophenylthiosemicarbazones, antibacterial activity Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Molecules Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Organic chemistry Language A language of the resource EN