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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Effectiveness of the Early Response to COVID-19: Data Analysis and Modelling</text>
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                <text>Edoardo Bertone, Oz Sahin, Khoi Nguyen, Martin  Jason  Luna Juncal, Rafaela  Keiko  Prado Umeno, Douglas  Alves Peixoto</text>
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                <text>Governments around the world have introduced a number of stringent policies to try to contain COVID-19 outbreaks, but the relative importance of such measures, in comparison to the community response to these restrictions, the amount of testing conducted, and the interconnections between them, is not well understood yet. In this study, data were collected from numerous online sources, pre-processed and analysed, and a number of Bayesian Network models were developed, in an attempt to unpack such complexity. Results show that early, high-volume testing was the most crucial factor in successfully monitoring and controlling the outbreaks; when testing was low, early government and community responses were found to be both critical in predicting how rapidly cases and deaths grew in the first weeks of the outbreak. Results also highlight that in countries with low early test numbers, the undiagnosed cases could have been up to five times higher than the officially diagnosed cases. The conducted analysis and developed models can be refined in the future with more data and variables, to understand/model potential second waves of contagions.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Pandemic, bayesian networks, System Thinking, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/systems8020021</text>
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                <text>Systems</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Technology (General), Systems engineering</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Managing a Sustainable and Resilient Perishable Food Supply Chain (PFSC) after an Outbreak</text>
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                <text>Quan Zhu, Harold Krikke</text>
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                <text>It is a challenging task to manage a perishable food supply chain (PFSC), due to the product’s short lifetime and to demand uncertainty. Even worse is the fact that, because of the multitude of participating stakeholders in production, distribution, and retailing, the PFSC becomes complex and thus particularly vulnerable to crises. Product shortages that result from an outbreak like COVID-19 often cause customers to seek alternative sources of supply, possibly with a larger purchasing amount (i.e. hoarding), leading to even severer demand uncertainty after the shortage period. To manage a sustainable and resilient PFSC after an outbreak, supply chain partners need to share and use the right information to facilitate decision making. A system dynamics simulation was thus applied to study a cheese supply chain with three tiers. Three scenarios that cause product shortages were simulated. Seven balanced feedback loops and two reinforced feedback loops were identified from the simulation model. Through the feedback loop dominance analysis, we identified four dominant loops that facilitate the generation of endogenous demand. In order to alleviate the negative influence of endogenous demand, it is suggested that the information sharing that causes endogenous demand be stopped and a loosely coupled strategy to support decision making utilized.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>sustainability, Resilience, system dynamics, crisis management, perishable food supply chain, endogenous demand</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/su12125004</text>
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                <text>Sustainability</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Environmental sciences, Renewable energy sources, Environmental effects of industries and plants</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>COVID-19 Prophylaxis: The Desperate Need for Mankind</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Muthuirulan Pushpanathan, Johnson Christdas</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>-</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.02</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37333">
                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37334">
                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37335">
                <text>Microbiology</text>
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  <item itemId="4080" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/d5165722de735d76d30b0f55c207da58.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Three Decades of Interferon-β in Multiple Sclerosis: Can We Repurpose This Information for the Management of SARS-CoV2 Infection?</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37321">
                <text>Cinthia Farina, Martina Severa, Marco Salvetti, Eliana Marina Coccia</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>antiviral activity, type I IFN, Immunoregulation, multiple scleorsis (MS), SARS-CoV-2</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37324">
                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01459</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37325">
                <text>Frontiers in Immunology</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37326">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37327">
                <text>Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
              </elementText>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Too Much Information: Assessing Privacy Risks of Contact Trace Data Disclosure on People With COVID-19 in South Korea</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37312">
                <text>Hyun-Soo Lee, Uichin Lee, Gyuwon Jung, Auk Kim</text>
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                <text>Introduction: With the COVID-19 outbreak, South Korea has been making contact trace data public to help people self-check if they have been in contact with a person infected with the coronavirus. Despite its benefits in suppressing the spread of the virus, publicizing contact trace data raises concerns about individuals' privacy. In view of this tug-of-war between one's privacy and public safety, this work aims to deepen the understanding of privacy risks of contact trace data disclosure practices in South Korea.Method: In this study, publicly available contact trace data of 970 confirmed patients were collected from seven metropolitan cities in South Korea (20th Jan–20th Apr 2020). Then, an ordinal scale of relative privacy risk levels was introduced for evaluation, and the assessment was performed on the personal information included in the contact trace data, such as demographics, significant places, sensitive information, social relationships, and routine behaviors. In addition, variance of privacy risk levels was examined across regions and over time to check for differences in policy implementation.Results: It was found that most of the contact trace data showed the gender and age of the patients. In addition, it disclosed significant places (home/work) ranging across different levels of privacy risks in over 70% of the cases. Inference on sensitive information (hobby, religion) was made possible, and 48.7% of the cases exposed the patient's social relationships. In terms of regional differences, a considerable discrepancy was found in the privacy risk for each category. Despite the recent release of government guidelines on data disclosure, its effects were still limited to a few factors (e.g., workplaces, routine behaviors).Discussion: Privacy risk assessment showed evidence of superfluous information disclosure in the current practice. This study discusses the role of “identifiability” in contact tracing to provide new directions for minimizing disclosure of privacy infringing information. Analysis of real-world data can offer potential stakeholders, such as researchers, service developers, and government officials with practical protocols/guidelines in publicizing information of patients and design implications for future systems (e.g., automatic privacy sensitivity checking) to strike a balance between one's privacy and the public benefits with data disclosure.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00305</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Public Health</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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                <text>Hyunjoo Joo, Yunjung Kang</text>
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                <text>A new kind of respiratory infectious disease, COVID-19, which first occurred in Wuhan, China, onDecember 31st, 2019, has affected all over China. After that, the first case of COVID-19 in South Koreawas confirmed on January 20th, 2020. Currently, on April 7th, the accumulated number of confirmed casesis 10,331, with 6,694 among them released from quarantine. Age distributions among the confirmedcases shows that patients between 20-29 occupy the most portion with 27%. The younger generationsoccupies the highest portion of the confirmed cases. Additionally, as their high infection rate can serveas a risk factor of spreading the disease to their family members, they should actively participate inthe prevention of the disease by thorough practice of social distancing. Their participation is expectedto serve an important role in ending COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.08</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                <text>COVID-19: Recent updates on SARS-CoV-2 and Preventing its Community Transmission in India by 21 Days Lockdown</text>
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                <text>Shivaji T. Mohite, Satyajeet K. Pawar</text>
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                <text>The current pandemic of COVID-19 has caused havoc all over world since its emergence and rapidspread. Within three months the virus SARS-CoV-2 which was isolated from pneumonia cases in WuhanCity, Hubei Province, China in late December 2019, has affected almost all countries. India reportedits first case of COVID-19 from state of Kerala on January 30, 2020, a student returned from city ofWuhan. Till date in India the disease had affected 12759 patients with 420 deaths. With every passingday the mysterious virus is been uncovered with its unique characteristics enabling the researcherto unfold the various methods including hand washing and social distancing to curtail the pandemic.Measures like 21 days lockdown to certain extent are effective but considering asymptomatic spreaders,extended measured lockdowns will be useful in the long term war against COVID-19. Till the vaccineand therapeutic solutions are derived, answer to pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 lies in lockdown, socialdistancing, contact tracing and containment.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.29</text>
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                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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                <text>Detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) using Radiological Examinations</text>
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                <text>Anees Muhammad, Muhammad Shahzeb, Areena Khan</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>An outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in China. The causative agent of COVID-19is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease rapidly spreads fromChina to the world by trading and traveling. Until April 24, 2020, approximately 2,544,792 cases wereconfirmed with 175,694 deaths throughout the world. The highest number of cases were identifiedfrom the United States of America (USA) whereas the mortality rate is high in Portugal. The diagnosis ofCOVID-19 is based on Computed Tomography Scanning (CT Scan) and Real-Time Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Assessing the extension of pathology, the exact location of thearea involved, and assessment of the disease severity makes CT scan superior to other modalities. Thisreview shows that real-time polymerase chain reaction and imaging technology both play an importantrole in the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, imaging modalities have more importance in diagnosisand screening than qRT-PCR. The qRT-PCR was positive in 81.3% whereas CT scan abnormality wasobserved in 89.8%. Bilateral lobe (51.4%) abnormality was found more than a single lobe (21.5%) inCOVID-19 infected patients. The CT scan reports show a high-level abnormality in right lower lung lobethan others in COVID-19 infected patients. The CT scan evaluates different manifestations such as thepresence of ground-glass opacities, consolidations, crazy paying linear, cavitation, discrete nodules,pleural effusion, and lymphadenopathy. It is concluded that imaging technology especially CT scan andX-rays play an important role in the screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 infected patients in limitedaccess to qRT-PCR regions. The common radiological manifestation was also determined, which willbe helpful for the radiologist to diagnosed COVID-19 infected patients in the early stages. Follow upstudies required regarding the radiological examinations.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>consolidation, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Ground glass opacity, Computed tomography scanning, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.28</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37290">
                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37291">
                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Metapopulation Network Models for Understanding, Predicting, and Managing the Coronavirus Disease COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Johnie Rose, Daniela Calvetti, Alexander P. Hoover, Erkki Somersalo</text>
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                <text>Mathematical models of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus which causes COVID-19) spread are used for guiding the design of mitigation steps and helping identify impending breaches of health care system surge capacity. The challenges of having only lacunary information about daily new infections and mortality counts are compounded by geographic heterogeneity of the population. This complicates prediction, particularly when using models assuming well-mixed populations. To address this problem, we account for the differences between rural and urban settings using network-based, distributed models where the spread of the pandemic is described in distinct local cohorts with nested SE(A)IR models, i.e., modified SEIR models that include infectious asymptomatic individuals. The model parameters account for the SARS-CoV-2 transmission mostly via human-to-human contact, and the fact that contact frequency among individuals differs between urban and rural areas, and may change over time. The probability that the virus spreads into an uninfected community is associated with influx of individuals from communities where the infection is already present, thus each node is characterized by its internal contact and by its connectivity with other nodes. Census data are used to set up the adjacency matrix of the network, which can be modified to simulate changes in mitigation measures. Our network SE(A)IR model depends on easily interpretable parameters estimated from available community level data. The parameters estimated with Bayesian techniques include transmission rate and the ratio asymptomatic to symptomatic infectious individuals. The methodology predicts that the latter quantity approaches 0.5 as the epidemic reaches an equilibrium, in full agreement with the May 22, 2020 CDC modeling. The network model gives rise to a spatially distributed computational model that explains the geographic dynamics of the contagion, e.g., in larger cities surrounded by suburban and rural areas. The time courses of the infected cohorts in the different counties predicted by the network model are remarkably similar to the reported observations. Moreover, the model shows that monitoring the infection prevalence in each county, and adopting local mitigation measures as infections climb beyond a certain threshold, is almost as effective as blanket measures, and more effective than reducing inter-county mobility.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>particle filter, Uncertainty Quantification, Bayesian parameter estimation, SEIR model, connectivity matrix, predictive envelopes</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2020.00261</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Physics</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Physics</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37266">
                <text>Is Lockdown Bad for Social Anxiety in COVID-19 Regions?: A National Study in The SOR Perspective</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37267">
                <text>Xiaojun Zhang, Lei Zheng, Miao Miao, Shu Nie, JiYoon Lim, Maorui Li</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37268">
                <text>Lockdown measures have been widely used to control and prevent virus transmission in pandemic regions. However, the psychological effects of lockdown measures have been neglected, and the related theoretical research lags behind the practice. The present study aimed to better understand the mechanism of social anxiety in pandemic regions where the lockdown measures were imposed, based on the conceptual framework of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR). For that, this research investigated how lockdown measures and psychological distance influenced social anxiety in the pandemic region. The Chinese national data was analyzed for the outcome. The results showed that (1) psychological distance mediated the relationship between pandemic COVID-19 severity and social anxiety, (2) lockdown measures buffered the detrimental effect of the COVID-19 pandemic severity on social anxiety, (3) lockdown measures moderated the mediation effect of psychological distancing on social anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, under the SOR framework, the lockdown measures had a buffer effect on social anxiety in pandemic regions, with the mediating role of psychological distancing.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37270">
                <text>Anxiety, S-O-R model, Pandemic COVID-19, lockdown measures</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37271">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124561</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37272">
                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37273">
                <text>MDPI AG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37274">
                <text>Medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
</itemContainer>
