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                <text>Adaptación humana y ocupación  de los ambientes amazónicos  por poblaciones indígenas precolombinas</text>
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                <text>Luís Enrique Gainette Prates</text>
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                <text>El artículo revisa las teorías acerca de la adaptación humana y la ocupación de los distintos ambientes amazónicos por parte de poblaciones precolombinas. Las líneas ecológicas en la antropología proponen que el ambiente físico tiene un importante papel en las actividades cotidianas de las poblaciones e interactúa con todos los componentes del sistema cultural. Sin embargo, aportes de la ecología histórica y de la etnohistoria han revelado nuevos e importantes datos acerca del tema, por ejemplo, que las culturas indígenas que sobrevivieron al proceso de ocupación de la Amazonía se han visto obligadas a adaptarse tanto al medio físico como a las fuerzas políticas y económicas externas que operan en la región. Por consiguiente, este grado de adaptación depende también de las fuerzas históricas, políticas y socioeconómicas presentes en este contexto.</text>
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                <text>Amazônia, Ecologia Histórica, Etno-história, determinismo ecológico, indígenas precolombinos</text>
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                <text>Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía</text>
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                <text>Universidad Nacional de Colombia</text>
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                <text>ADAPTACIÓN Y RENDIMIENTO DE LA VARIEDAD DE FRIJOL INTA VAINA ROJA, PARA TOLERANCIA A SEQUÍA Y MANCHA ANGULAR EN CUATRO REGIONES DE NICARAGUA</text>
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                <text>Julio Cesar Molina Centeno, Sergio Cuadra, Mauricio Guzmán, Noel Duarte, Aurelio Llano</text>
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                <text>El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo entre los años 2005 y 2007, con el objetivo de evaluar la adaptación y rendimiento de la variedad mejorada INTA Vaina Roja, en las zonas de Las Segovias, Centro Norte, Centro Sur y Pacífico Sur de Nicaragua. En el año 2006 se condujeron nueve ensayos de rendimiento, uno en Madriz, cinco en Estelí, uno en Matagalpa y dos en Jinotega. En las etapas preliminares de rendimiento, el ensayo incluyó 51 líneas F8, y en las pruebas avanzadas de rendimiento se incluyeron 34 líneas F9 y 14 líneas F8 y F9. Estos trabajos se realizaron de acuerdo a las condiciones agroecológicas de cada localidad bajo condiciones de secano. En las pruebas preliminares se utilizó una sola repetición, y en pruebas avanzadas, se utilizó un diseño de látice 6 x 6 y de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Los resultados obtenidos muestra que a nivel de experimentación las líneas 429 DFSZ 15094-39 (2 188 kg ha-1), MIB 438 (2 644 kg ha-1), 426 DFSZ 15094-39 (2 182 kg ha-1) e INTA Vaina Roja (2 013 kg ha-1) sobresalieron por su rendimiento de grano. Durante las evaluaciones, la variedad INTA Vaina Roja resultó tolerante a la enfermedad de mancha angular (Phaeoisariopsis griseola). Además, la variedad INTA Vaina Roja se validó en parcelas comerciales en campos de agricultores en 54 ambientes de los departamentos de Estelí, Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Matagalpa, Jinotega, Chontales y Carazo. En estas parcelas de validación, la variedad INTA Vaina Roja (915 kg ha-1) superó en un 17% en los 54 sitios de validación a las variedades comerciales (784 kg ha-1) utilizadas como testigos locales. Así mismo, dio los mejores rendimientos (1 343 kg ha-1) en 24 ambientes identificados como favorables con un 16% más que las variedades comerciales (1155 kg ha-1). En los 30 ambientes identificados como desfavorables la variedad INTA Vaina Roja (573 kg ha-1), tuvo los mayores rendimientos, superando a las variedades comerciales (487 kg ha-1) en un 18%. En ambas situaciones la variedad INTA Vaina Roja con coeficientes de variación de 27.18 y 33.85% presentó mejor estabilidad que las variedades comerciales. Durante el proceso de experimentación y de validación, se observó que la variedad INTA Vaina Roja presentó tolerancia a alta humedad en el suelo, lo que la hace ser un material ideal para adaptación al cambio climático. La variedad INTA Vaina Roja presentó una Tasa Marginal de Retorno de 991% superior a las variedades comerciales.</text>
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                <text>La Calera</text>
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                <text>Universidad Nacional Agraria</text>
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                <text>Agriculture (General), Agriculture</text>
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                <text>Adaptation as an Integrated System of Clinical-Anamnestic, Immunological and Psychological Components in Children Raised in Orphanages</text>
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                <text>I.L. Vysochynа</text>
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                <text>The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of adaptation of orphanages on the basis of the findings of a comprehensive study of the components of this phenomenon and develop a mathematical model of evaluation of the current state of adaptation using correlation analysis. The study included 361 children from orphanages in age from 3 to 17 years in a state of clinical well-being. The correlation analysis of 512 indicators that were studied (the multiplicity of SARS in history, the presence of chronic foci of infection, the results of dispensary examination of children, evaluation of physical development, the characteristics of ecological community mucous TTP, the presence of clinical symptoms of post-infectious fatigue, data on medical history and the results of immunological examination — content leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD25+, serum immunoglobulins A, F, G, cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10; IL-12р70+, IL-12p40+p70+; TFGβ1) in peripheral blood and the concentration of antimicrobial proteins (alpha-defensins 1–3, lactoferrin) and SIgA in oropharyngeal secretions, psychological pattern-typological characteristics (test Eysenck, Shmishek, tapping test), assessment of the color of associative reactions (Lüscher test, the test color relations), features a portrait of emotional (anxiety, SAN), and identification donozologichnih neurotic border states). Statistical processing has identified the most important factors for a data set of results which can determine the level of adaptation of orphanages.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.5.48.2013.84728</text>
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                <text>Zdorovʹe Rebenka</text>
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                <text>Publishing House Zaslavsky</text>
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                <text>Rebecca L. Moritz, David R. Gillum</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Adapted Physical Activity through COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Kwok Ng</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Editorial for Volume 13, Issue 1, 2020Staying physically activeStaying physically educatedStaying connected with research and practice</text>
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                <text>sars-cov-2; social distancing; isolation; disabilities</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29393">
                <text>Palacký University Olomouc</text>
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                <text>Sports</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Adapting to Teaching and Learning During Covid-19: A Case of Islamic School's Initiative of Self-regulated Learning</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="69988">
                <text>Hasan Baharun, Mustajab Mustajab, Zakiyah Fawa’iedah</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="69989">
                <text>This study aims to analyze self-regulated learning in Islamic education amid the Covid-19 pandemic. This study incorporates a qualitative approach to understand self-regulated learning at Miftahul Ulum Islamic High School, East Java. The data collection techniques consist of teachers' interviews, teaching and learning observation, and documentation. The results showed that implementing self-regulated learning during the Covid 19 pandemic was carried out online through activities, analysis of learning conditions, determining the learning design, applying strategies, and evaluation. Despite challenges, online self-regulated learning facilitates Miftahul Ulum Islamic School students to participate in learning activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="69990">
                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="69991">
                <text>learning motivation, self regulated learning, Islamic education</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="69992">
                <text>10.21580/nw.2020.14.2.6515</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="69993">
                <text>Nadwa</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="69994">
                <text>UIN Walisongo</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="69995">
                <text>Education (General), Islam</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="4799" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/9368ac07fb2d26d2e6e34a16ccfb3f59.pdf</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43292">
                <text>Adaptive and Turbulent Governance. Ways of Governing that Foster Resilience. The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43293">
                <text>Tudor ȚICLĂU, Cristina HINȚEA, Bianca Andrianu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43294">
                <text>The current COVID-19 pandemic highlighted something that was already known for decades: modern governments need to master the art of equilibristics – they need to offer public value in all governance arenas while battling increasing levels of uncertainty and change. Looking back at the last decade, unpredictable change has been the norm rather than the exception (whether it is at political level – Arab Spring (2011), 2016 US elections, Brexit (2016) – social – Occupy Wall Street movement (2011), EU migrant-refugee crisis (2016), Black Lives Matter, #Metoo movement – or economic – the economic crisis of 2008, which prompted the sovereign debt crisis in multiple EU countries, China replacing the US as the largest economy) the environment in which governments operate in has never seen such a particular type of dynamic. The COVID-19 pandemic can be seen almost as an organic culmination of this dynamic, a perfect storm, highlighting the essence of the new environment in which governments operate: highly complex, unpredictable, and interdependent – in one word turbulent.The point is not to discuss the nature of these changes or whether they match perfectly the definition of a black swan event, but rather to raise an important question: how should governments (and society as a whole) react and adapt to such challenges? Are the current institutional structures and patterns of governing able to deal with this turbulence? From a governance perspective, two major concepts stand out as a potential framework of dealing with such situations: adaptive governance (Hatfield-Dodds, 2007) and turbulent governance (Ansell, Trondal and Øgård, 2017).</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43295">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43296">
                <text>covid-19, resilience, Pandemic, adaptive governance, Disruptive change, turbulent governance</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43297">
                <text>10.24193/tras.SI2020.10</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43298">
                <text>Biotemas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43299">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43300">
                <text>Political institutions and public administration (General)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="2973" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/01c32583207d559351cb11e861d4a822.pdf</src>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27849">
                <text>Adaptive evolution of the spike gene of SARS coronavirus: changes in positively selected sites in different epidemic groups</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27850">
                <text>Wei Ji-Fu, Zhang Chi-Yu, He Shao-Heng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27851">
                <text>Abstract Background It is believed that animal-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) is the cause of the SARS outbreak worldwide. The spike (S) protein is one of the best characterized proteins of SARS-CoV, which plays a key role in SARS-CoV overcoming species barrier and accomplishing interspecies transmission from animals to humans, suggesting that it may be the major target of selective pressure. However, the process of adaptive evolution of S protein and the exact positively selected sites associated with this process remain unknown. Results By investigating the adaptive evolution of S protein, we identified twelve amino acid sites (75, 239, 244, 311, 479, 609, 613, 743, 765, 778, 1148, and 1163) in the S protein under positive selective pressure. Based on phylogenetic tree and epidemiological investigation, SARS outbreak was divided into three epidemic groups: 02–04 interspecies, 03-early-mid, and 03-late epidemic groups in the present study. Positive selection was detected in the first two groups, which represent the course of SARS-CoV interspecies transmission and of viral adaptation to human host, respectively. In contrast, purifying selection was detected in 03-late group. These indicate that S protein experiences variable positive selective pressures before reaching stabilization. A total of 25 sites in 02–04 interspecies epidemic group and 16 sites in 03-early-mid epidemic group were identified under positive selection. The identified sites were different between these two groups except for site 239, which suggests that positively selected sites are changeable between groups. Moreover, it was showed that a larger proportion (24%) of positively selected sites was located in receptor-binding domain (RBD) than in heptad repeat (HR)1-HR2 region in 02–04 interspecies epidemic group (p = 0.0208), and a greater percentage (25%) of these sites occurred in HR1–HR2 region than in RBD in 03-early-mid epidemic group (p = 0.0721). These suggest that functionally different domains of S protein may not experience same positive selection in each epidemic group. In addition, three specific replacements (F360S, T487S and L665S) were only found between 03-human SARS-CoVs and strains from 02–04 interspecies epidemic group, which reveals that selective sweep may also force the evolution of S genes before the jump of SARS-CoVs into human hosts. Since certain residues at these positively selected sites are associated with receptor recognition and/or membrane fusion, they are likely to be the crucial residues for animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoVs, and subsequent adaptation to human hosts. Conclusion The variation of positive selective pressures and positively selected sites are likely to contribute to the adaptive evolution of S protein from animals to humans.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27852">
                <text>2006</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27853">
                <text>DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-6-88</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27854">
                <text>BMC Microbiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27855">
                <text>BMC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27856">
                <text>Microbiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  <item itemId="721" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/8c0d902c3bd2299cba06855ea07e7249.pdf</src>
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6763">
                <text>Adaptive Information Dissemination Control to Provide Diffdelay for the Internet of Things</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6764">
                <text>Xiao Liu, Anfeng Liu, Changqin Huang</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6765">
                <text>Applications running on the Internet of Things, such as the Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs) platform, generally have different quality of service (QoS) requirements. For urgent events, it is crucial that information be reported to the actuator quickly, and the communication cost is the second factor. However, for interesting events, communication costs, network lifetime and time all become important factors. In most situations, these different requirements cannot be satisfied simultaneously. In this paper, an adaptive communication control based on a differentiated delay (ACCDS) scheme is proposed to resolve this conflict. In an ACCDS, source nodes of events adaptively send various searching actuators routings (SARs) based on the degree of sensitivity to delay while maintaining the network lifetime. For a delay-sensitive event, the source node sends a large number of SARs to actuators to identify and inform the actuators in an extremely short time; thus, action can be taken quickly but at higher communication costs. For delay-insensitive events, the source node sends fewer SARs to reduce communication costs and improve network lifetime. Therefore, an ACCDS can meet the QoS requirements of different events using a differentiated delay framework. Theoretical analysis simulation results indicate that an ACCDS provides delay and communication costs and differentiated services; an ACCDS scheme can reduce the network delay by 11.111%–53.684% for a delay-sensitive event and reduce the communication costs by 5%–22.308% for interesting events, and reduce the network lifetime by about 28.713%.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Information dissemination, Differentiated Services, Quality of service, communication cost</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/s17010138</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>Sensors</text>
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                <text>Chemical technology</text>
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                <text>EN</text>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1b5d1990da3d9354f7a7be88ef2ce150.pdf</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Adaptive Managers as Emerging Leaders During the COVID-19 Crisis</text>
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                <text>Abdulah Bajaba, Saleh Bajaba, Mohammad Algarni, Abdulrahman Basahal, Sarah Basahel</text>
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                <text>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken the world by surprise and has impacted the lives of many, including the business sector and its stakeholders. Although studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on the organizational structure, job design, and employee well-being have been on the rise, fewer studies examined the role of leadership and what it takes to be an effective leader during such times. This study integrates social cognitive theory and conservation of resources theory to argue for the importance of adaptive personality in the emergence of effective leaders during crisis times, utilizing the crisis of COVID-19 as the context for the study. We argue that managers with an adaptive personality tend to have increased self-efficacy levels to lead during a crisis, resulting in increased motivation to lead during the COVID-19 crisis. Furthermore, managers with increased motivation to lead during the COVID-19 crisis are argued to have enhanced adaptive performance, thereby suggesting a serial mediation model where crisis leader self-efficacy and motivation to lead during the COVID-19 crisis act as explanatory mechanisms of the relationship between the adaptive personality and performance of the manager. In order to test our hypotheses, we collected data from 116 full-time managers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 crisis and used hierarchical linear regression as the method of analysis. The findings support all of the hypotheses. A discussion of the results, contributions, limitations, and future directions is included.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, motivation, Self-Efficacy, adaptive performance, adaptive personality</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661628</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Psychology</text>
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