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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Age and sex differences in soluble ACE2 may give insights for COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Magnus K. Karlsson, Andreas Edsfeldt, Björn E Rosengren, Anton Reepalu, Lars Jehpsson, Per Swärd</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02942-2</text>
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                <text>BMC</text>
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                <text>Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Age- and Sex-Related Differences in Motor Performance During Sustained Maximal Voluntary Contraction of the First Dorsal Interosseous</text>
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                <text>Valerie Sars, Roeland F. Prak, Tibor Hortobágyi, Inge Zijdewind</text>
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                <text>Age and sex affect the neuromuscular system including performance fatigability. Data on performance fatigability and underlying mechanisms in hand muscles are scarce. Therefore, we determined the effects of age and sex on force decline, and the mechanisms contributing to force decline, during a sustained isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) with the index finger abductor (first dorsal interosseous, FDI). Subjects (n = 51, age range: 19–77 years, 25 females) performed brief and a 2-min sustained MVC with the right FDI. Abduction force and root mean squared electromyographic activity (rms-EMG) were recorded in both hands. Double-pulse stimulation was applied to the ulnar nerve during (superimposed twitch) and after (doublet-force) the brief and sustained MVCs. Compared to females, males were stronger (134%, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and exhibited a greater decline in voluntary (difference: 8%, p = 0.010) and evoked (doublet) force (difference: 12%, p = 0.010) during and after the sustained MVC. Age did not affect MVC, force decline and superimposed twitch. The ratio between the doublet- and MVC-force was greater in females (0.33, p = 0.007) and in older (0.38, p = 0.06) individuals than in males (0.30) and younger (0.30) individuals; after the sustained MVC this ratio increased with age and the increase was larger for females compared to males (p = 0.04). The inadvertent contralateral, left force and rms-EMG activity increased over time (2.7–13.6% MVC and 5.4–17.7% MVC, respectively). Males had higher contralateral forces than females (p = 0.012) and contralateral force was higher at the start of the contralateral contraction in older compared with young subjects (difference: 29%, p = 0.008). In conclusion, our results suggest that the observed sex-differences in performance fatigability were mainly due to differences in peripheral muscle properties. Yet the reduced amount of contralateral activity and the larger difference in evoked versus voluntary force in female subjects indicate that sex-differences in voluntary activation should not be overlooked. These data obtained in neurological healthy adults provides a framework and help the interpretation and referencing of neurophysiological measures in patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases, who often present with symptoms of performance fatigability.</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                <text>Aging, sex differences, twitches, Doublets, performance fatigability, Contralateral activity</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00637</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Physiology</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Lei Liu, Shuang Wang, Fan Zhong, Hongyan Wang, Yi-peng Li, Hongdou Li, Yungang He, Wuyin Bao</text>
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                <text>The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic of early 2020 poses an enormous challenge to global public health. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus has spread rapidly throughout the world, taking thousands of lives in just over 2 months. It is critical to refine the incidence and mortality risks of COVID-19 for the effective management of the general public and patients during the outbreak. In this report, we investigate the incidence and mortality risks of the infection by analyzing the age composition of 5,319 infected patients, 76 fatal cases, and 1,144,648 individuals of the general public in China. Our results show a relatively low incidence risk for young people but a very high mortality risk for seniors. Notably, mortality risk could be as high as 0.48 for people older than 80 years. Furthermore, our study suggests that a good medical service can effectively reduce the mortality rate of the viral infection to 1% or less.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, mortality risk, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, incidence risk</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00190</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Medicine</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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                <text>Age, Frailty, Resuscitation and Intensive Care: With Reference to COVID-19</text>
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                <text>David  G Smithard, Nadir Abdelhameed, Thwe Han, Angelo Pieris</text>
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                <text>Discussion regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation and admission to an intensive care unit is frequently fraught in the context of older age. It is complicated by the fact that the presence of multiple comorbidities and frailty adversely impact on prognosis. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical ventilation are not appropriate for all. Who decides and how? This paper discusses the issues, biases, and potential harms involved in decision-making. The basis of decision making requires fairness in the distribution of resources/healthcare (distributive justice), yet much of the printed guidance has taken a utilitarian approach (getting the most from the resource provided). The challenge is to provide a balance between justice for the individual and population justice.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>outcome, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, aging, ethics</text>
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                <text>10.3390/geriatrics6020036</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Geriatrics</text>
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                <text>Roberto Pili, Donatella Rita Petretto</text>
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                <text>Italy is one of the oldest countries in Europe and in the world and now it is also one of the first countries that are fighting against COVID-19. In our country, the increasing life expectancy (80.5 for males and 84.9 for females, with a total life expectancy of 82.9) has led to very positive consequences for health and the well-being of elderly people: a very high number of older adults lives and acts independently in their daily life, even if they have one or more than one chronic disease. In the time of COVID-19′s outbreak in Italy, the focus of the media was on elderly people for two main reasons. First, many older people demonstrated a very high civic sense and they were helping society to fight against the pandemic. Second, also in Italy, like in China, the older adults are at higher risk in being infected with COVID-19 and if they get ill, they have a higher risk of death. The balance previously achieved between age-related disorders and a good quality of life and good health is now under high pressure. It is very important to protect elderly people from infection, but also it is important to respect them and to support them in this complex situation. There is a great risk of “ageism”. In agreement with Lloyd-Sherlock and colleagues (2020), in this editorial we propose some hints of analysis, starting from the ongoing experience in Italy.</text>
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                <text>Martha Isabel Gómez Lee</text>
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                <text>El artículo inicia una discusión sobre el aporte efectuado por las comunidades episté­micas a la toma de decisiones de los políticos, en la coyuntura crítica de las discusiones en torno a la gobernanza climática mundial. Se focaliza en el abordaje de la negociación de la Agenda 2030 de desarrollo sostenible, en la que un puñado de insumos fueron asistidos por expertos, reconocidos internacionalmen­te y liderados por Johan Rockström, que contribuyeron a la institucionalización de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) más ambiciosos de todos los tiempos. Se sostiene que estos científicos formaron la comunidad epistémica de los límites planetarios (CELP), de la que habrían podido aprender los políticos, al adoptar valores ambientales, un compromiso planetario para encontrar un espacio seguro para la humanidad y una devoción por seguir una trayectoria de desarrollo sostenible. Se evidencia que las comunidades epistémicas contribuyen a trasponer el conocimiento en política, pero el cambio de paradigma depende de los políticos.</text>
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                <text>Universidad Externado de Colombia</text>
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                <text>Super-spreading events have been observed in the transmission dynamics of many infectious diseases. The 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in the Republic of Korea has also shown super-spreading events with a significantly high level of heterogeneity in generating secondary cases. It becomes critical to understand the mechanism for this high level of heterogeneity to develop effective intervention strategies and preventive plans for future emerging infectious diseases. In this regard, agent-based modeling is a useful tool for incorporating individual heterogeneity into the epidemic model. In the present work, a stochastic agent-based framework is developed in order to understand the underlying mechanism of heterogeneity. Clinical (i.e., an infectivity level) and social or environmental (i.e., a contact level) heterogeneity are modeled. These factors are incorporated in the transmission rate functions under assumptions that super-spreaders have stronger transmission and/or higher links. Our agent-based model has employed real MERS-CoV epidemic features based on the 2015 MERS-CoV epidemiological data. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out under various epidemic scenarios. Our findings highlight the roles of super-spreaders in a high level of heterogeneity, underscoring that the number of contacts combined with a higher level of infectivity are the most critical factors for substantial heterogeneity in generating secondary cases of the 2015 MERS-CoV transmission.</text>
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                <text>Agentes, prótesis e inter y ecodependencia. Una exploración de la cuestión de la identidad en Broncano desde Riechmann.</text>
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                <text>Jesús Pinto Freyre</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>La identidad se convierte en una realidad amenazada o limitada con la llegada de nuevos planteamientos en metafísica a finales del siglo XIX y en el siglo XX. Pero esto no quiere decir que no pueda ser replanteada en otros términos que eliminen de ella su propensión a generar problemas y paradojas, in aras de producir una idea con la que puedan manejarse los movimientos emancipadores. Así, puede pensarse una noción de identidad como agencia que dependa de dos capacidades: la de narrar y la de imaginar. Agencia que depende de la condición artefactual y mutable de la realidad humana. Es así, que hemos de hablar de una identidad ciborg que dé pie a una oposición a una cultura y sociedad (la contemporánea) que limita las posibilidades de subjetivación de los colectivos oprimidos.</text>
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                <text>Ciborg, Post-humanismo, Razón, Transhumanismo, agencia, ecología, identidad</text>
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                <text>Pensamiento al Margen</text>
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                <text>Ateneo Cantonal de Estudios Políticos</text>
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                <text>Political science, Political theory</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://pensamientoalmargen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n%C2%BAespecial-2-agentes.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://pensamientoalmargen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n%C2%BAespecial-2-agentes.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Dermatologic therapy</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="32235">
                <text>Aggressive Quarantine Measures Reduce the High Morbidity of COVID-19 in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis and Medical Staff of Hemodialysis Facilities in Wuhan, China</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32236">
                <text>Fang Xiao, Hao Pan, Yi Yang, Gang Xu, Fan He, Ya-nan WANG, Junhua Li, Xi Zhou, Jia Shi, Xue Xing, Ying YAO, Yong Ning, Xiao-yan CHANG, Shuwang Ge, Shui-Ming Guo, Anying Cheng, Meiling Gong</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>Introduction: Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are highly vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Medical staff of dialysis facilities without sufficient biosecurity protection are susceptible once exposed to asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This study evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in all MHD patients and medical staff of dialysis facilities in Wuhan, China. Methods: We collected COVID-19 morbidity and mortality data from MHD patients and medical staff from 52 hemodialysis centers in Wuhan. Then, we analyzed the symptoms and signs of patients and staff in our hospital (Tongji Hospital in Wuhan), and chest CT, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection and laboratory tests were performed. After aggressive quarantine of the COVID-19 patients, we followed up on the prognosis of them. Results: We analyzed the hemodialysis data from Wuhan and found that 10% of MHD patients and 6.0% of medical staff were suspected of COVID-19. Further detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid showed that 1.7% of MHD patients and 2.9% of medical staff were confirmed as having COVID-19. In our facility, 18.9% (46/244) of patients and 9.5% (6/63) of medical staff were suspected of COVID-19. Among them, 2.9% (7/244) of MHD patients and 4.8% (3/63) of medical staff tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were confirmed as having COVID-19. Interestingly, 87.0% of MHD patients suspected of COVID-19 did not have obvious symptoms, but the CT screening showed features of viral pneumonia. There were no significant differences in symptoms, CT findings, comorbidity and laboratory findings of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic-acid-positive and -negative patients. We followed up these patients and found that 57 patients with COVID-19 died (COVID-19 mortality 8.9%). Two patients from our dialysis center with COVID-19 (mortality 4.3%) died. No new infections occurred in our dialysis center after aggressive quarantine was initiated. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in MHD patients and medical staff in dialysis facilities were both high in Wuhan. Frequent chest CT and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection were needed to screen COVID-19 patients in dialysis facilities. Through the lessons of this experience on the aggressive diagnosis and quarantine measures of COVID-19 patients, we hope medical staff avoid more infections in serious epidemic areas.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="32238">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="32239">
                <text>infection, quarantine, maintenance hemodialysis, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="32240">
                <text>DOI: 10.1159/000508579</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32241">
                <text>Kidney Diseases</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32242">
                <text>Karger Publishers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32243">
                <text>Internal medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
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