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                <text>Resumen: La agricultura de precisión busca aumentar la productividad de las actividades agrícolas a nivel mundial, en este marco de desarrollo la navegación autónoma es un pilar fundamental ya que la mayoría de actividades agrícolas implican desplazamientos extensos de personas o vehículos; la navegación autónoma terrestre sobre parcelas de cultivos tiene ciertas complicaciones como el deslizamiento de los vehículos sobre los terrenos lo que complica implementar sistemas de odometría, otra complicación es la dificultad de implementar marcas de navegación para usar sistemas localización. Este trabajo presenta un sistema de visión por computador donde se pretende usar a las hileras de cultivo como marca de navegación para un vehículo agrícola, emulando el comportamiento de un robot seguidor de línea. Una cámara de resolución media toma 30 fotogramas por segundo para que posteriormente un algoritmo procese las imágenes eliminando problemas de perspectiva, luz ambiental y obstáculos en el cultivo para identificar eficientemente la hilera de cultivo que se encuentra precisamente debajo del vehículo. Obtenida la marca de navegación y realizando una aproximación de las dimensiones longitudinales de la realidad con las dimensiones longitudinales en pixeles de las imágenes se puede obtener un estado estimado del vehículo respecto a la marca antes identificada.  Palabras clave: visión por computador, segmentación, OpenCV, agricultura de precisión, C++.</text>
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                <text>Nueva agricultura, ¿nuevas tecnologías? La incursión de nuevas tecnologías está cambiando constantemente la industria agropecuaria en el mundo. De hecho, muchas de las tecnologías usadas en los sistemas de producción son variaciones de: 1) “tecnologías duras” usadas en otros sectores como la automovilística, la robótica, la electrónica y de empresas dedicadas a la automatización y al sensoramiento remoto y 2) “tecnologías blandas” de las ciencias sociales y políticas, del benchmarking y del empresarismo. Si se logra la articulación de estas tecnologías sería posible el crecimiento del sector agropecuario, buscando la sostenibilidad económica, ambiental, productiva y social. Por lo tanto, en los sistemas de producción y de su entorno cobran fuerza los conceptos de agricultura de precisión, de antropología rural y la gestión empresarial. El objetivo de esta conferencia es mostrar una mirada a las ciencias agrarias frente a los desafíos del siglo XXI, desde la visión del análisis estructural de la agricultura de precisión mediante el uso de tecnologías duras y blandas, sin desconocer el papel que juega el “ser” y el “recurso natural”.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2019</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Territorio, ecuaciones estructurales, empresarismo, tecnología</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="209745">
                <text>Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="209746">
                <text>Universidad de Antioquia</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Animal culture</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/rccp/article/view/340326" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/rccp/article/view/340326&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="163764">
                <text>Agricultura e biodiversidade nas Ciências Sociais brasileiras: alimentando a comunicação entre ciência e políticas públicas Agriculture and biodiversity in Brazilian Social Sciences: fostering communication between science and public policies</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="163765">
                <text>Maria José Carneiro, Thais Danton</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="163766">
                <text>O presente artigo decorre de uma reflexão sustentada em dois pressupostos: a) que as ciências e, em particular, as sociais, podem contribuir para informar as tomadas de decisão e a formulação de políticas públicas visando a melhoria da vida das pessoas no planeta e b) que o papel da agricultura na conservação da biodiversidade é uma questão atual de extrema relevância e que merece ser aprofundada. A relação entre a agricultura e a biodiversidade tem sido objeto de questionamentos recentes na sociedade e no campo das políticas públicas. Contudo, se os estudos relacionados à biodiversidade e à agricultura, separadamente, têm observado um considerável crescimento no Brasil, poucos são os investimentos de pesquisa sobre a relação entre esses dois grandes temas. A partir dessas considerações, seguimos dois objetivos principais: 1) investigar como o papel da agricultura familiar na preservação da biodiversidade tem sido abordado pelas Ciências Sociais no Brasil, particularmente nos artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros nos últimos 20 anos; 2) testar uma metodologia de revisão bibliográfica, criteriosa, que possa ser útil aos tomadores de decisão em políticas públicas e demais interessados.The present article comes up from a reflection upon what lies in the intersection between two premises: a) that science, and in particular, the social sciences, can contribute towards informing both decision making and the formulation of public policies, aiming at improving the welfare of people in the planet, and, b) that the role of agriculture in the conservation of biodiversity is an extremely relevant contemporary issue, hence the need to study it in greater depth. The relationship between agriculture and biodiversity has been subjected to recent questionings, both in society and in the realm of public policies, as a result of growing concerns about the environmental changes caused by anthropic action. However, despite the increase in number of studies on family-based agriculture, and on biodiversity in Brazil, the research funding available for researching the relationship between those two broad themes is still incipient. Against this backdrop, we shall pursue two main objectives with this study: 1) to investigate how the role of family-based agriculture in the preservation of biodiversity has been approached by the Social Sciences in Brazil, particularly in articles published in Brazilian journals during the latter 20 years and available online; 2) to test a thorough literature review methodology aimed at helping decision makers involved with public policies and others concerned with this issue.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="163767">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="163768">
                <text>Agricultura familiar-biodiversidade, Brazilian environmental sociology, Comunicação científica, Evidence-based policy, Family-based agriculture, Política baseada em evidências, Políticas Públicas, biodiversity, estado da arte, scientific communication, state-of-the-art</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="163769">
                <text>10.1590/S1517-45222012000200009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Sociologias</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="163771">
                <text>Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Sociology (General)</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S1517-45222012000200009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S1517-45222012000200009&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="153379">
                <text>AGRICULTURA E MERCADO NO BRASIL: REVENDO AS VISÕES DA GEOGRAFIA SOBRE OS CONDICIONANTES DA PRODUÇÃO AGRÍCOLA NO CAPITALISMO</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="153380">
                <text>Luis Lopes DINIZ FILHO</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="153381">
                <text>O artigo se inicia com uma crítica à visão que opõe o agronegócio à agricultura familiar (a qual é hegemônica na geografia agrária brasileira) e apresenta as polêmicas travadas sobre essa questão durante o XIX Encontro Nacional de Geografia Agrária – Enga. Com base nessas discussões, faz também uma discussão sobre as relações entre ciência e ideologia nos estudos sobre reforma agrária.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="153382">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="153383">
                <text>Agricultura, Reforma agrária, estado nutricional</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="153384">
                <text>10.5380/raega.v23i0.24835</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="153385">
                <text>Revista Raega: O Espaço Geográfico em Análise</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="153386">
                <text>Universidade Federal do Paraná</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="153387">
                <text>Geography (General), Geography. Anthropology. Recreation</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="153388">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://revistas.ufpr.br/raega/article/view/24835" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://revistas.ufpr.br/raega/article/view/24835&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="146659">
                <text>Agricultura ecológica y cooperativismo  en Andalucía.   Una fórmula de desarrollo rural alternativa</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="146660">
                <text>Alberto del Campo Tejedor, Javier Navarro Luna</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="146661">
                <text>La agricultura ecológica es un sistema de producción que aspira a compaginar el respetoal medio ambiente, la producción de alimentos de calidad sin el uso de sustancias químicasde síntesis, y una mayor rentabilidad que la producción agraria convencional. El modeloagroecológico, especialmente en aquellas iniciativas gestionadas bajo formas de economíasocial (sociedades cooperativas), se afianza en Andalucía como una eficaz alternativa a ladesestructuración y desarticulación del panorama agrario andaluz. A través de un estudio decaso en la comarca de Los Pedroches (Córdoba), este texto analiza las causas del crecimientode este sistema productivo, así como los principales obstáculos para su consolidación</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2001</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="146663">
                <text>Investigaciones Geográficas</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="146664">
                <text>Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Geography (General)</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=17602606" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=17602606&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Agricultura em zonas ripárias do sul do Brasil: conflitos de uso da terra e impactos nos recursos hídricos</text>
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                <text>Luiz Carlos Pittol Martini, Élen Cristin Trentini</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>O trabalho apresenta e discute a questão da proteção de zonas ripárias em áreas agrícolas do Sul do Brasil, em especial no Estado de Santa Catarina, em que predomina agricultura familiar praticada em pequenas propriedades. As exigências legais determinadas pelo Código Florestal brasileiro de 1965 são apresentadas frente às limitações para atendimento da lei impostas por fatores culturais, do meio físico e do tamanho das propriedades agrícolas. Para ilustração do problema, são confrontadas as duas correntes preponderantes no debate a respeito da utilização de áreas ripárias em Santa Catarina: aplicação dos dispositivos legais existentes versus flexibilização da lei para atender usos atuais em áreas de preservação permanente.This paper presents and discusses the issue about the protection of riparian zones in agricultural areas of southern Brazil, especially in the state of Santa Catarina, where family farming prevails practiced in small properties. The legal requirements set by the Brazilian Forest Code of 1965 are presented before the limitations to comply with the law imposed by cultural factors, physical environment and size of the agricultural properties. In order to illustrate the problem, the two prevailing streams in the debate are compared regarding the use of riparian areas in Santa Catarina: the application of existing legal provisions versus law flexibility to meet current uses in permanent preservation areas.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2011</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="202649">
                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Florestas, Forests, Recursos hídricos, Riparian zones, Water Resources, family agriculture, matas ciliares, riparian forest, zonas ripárias</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="202650">
                <text>10.1590/S0102-69922011000300010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="202651">
                <text>Sociedade e Estado</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="202652">
                <text>Universidade de Brasília</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Social sciences (General)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="202654">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0102-69922011000300010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0102-69922011000300010&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/707f19713f5c3bed8000f390fc4b3081.pdf</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Agricultura en el Cono Sur ¿Qué se conoce, qué falta por conocer?</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="152920">
                <text>Fernando O. Garcia</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Las crecientes demandas de alimentos a nivel global han impulsado la producción de granos en los países del Cono Sur (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay y Uruguay). El aumento de la producción de granos de los últimos 20 años se ha basado principalmente en una fuerte expansión del área sembrada, en especial la de soya, a partir de la incorporación de nuevas áreas y del cambio de uso de la tierra con una drástica reducción de las áreas bajo pasturas y, en menor medida, por el incremento en los rendimientos. Si bien la región muestra interesantes incrementos de rendimientos de trigo y maíz con respecto a los estimados mundiales, los mismos no serían suficientes para satisfacer la demanda para el año 2050 que requiere que éstos se dupliquen. La expansión y crecimiento de la producción de granos en el Cono Sur presentan aspectos positivos y negativos. Entre los aspectos positivos se pueden incluir los aumentos en producción con el consecuente beneficio económico y social, el desarrollo de la industria y la mayor seguridad alimentaria. Sin embargo, la expansión del área de cultivo y el crecimiento de la producción ha generado costos y externalidades negativas en aspectos ambientales, económicos y sociales entre los que se pueden incluir erosión hídrica y eólica, salinización de suelos, desertificación, reducción de los contenidos de la materia orgánica, pérdida de fertilidad de los suelos, pérdida de estructura y compactación de suelos, contaminación difusa de aguas, suelos y aire, presencia de malezas resistentes, pérdidas de biodiversidad, reducción de efectividad y eficiencia de recursos e insumos, concentración de tierras y perdidas de fuentes de empleo. Muchos de estos costos y externalidades han contribuido a que los rendimientos de los cultivos se hayan estancado en muchos agroecosistemas de la región. En este artículo se discuten aspectos relacionados al manejo de suelos y cultivos y de los sistemas de producción en cuatro países del Cono Sur en lo que se refiere a: 1) su compleja actualidad (que se conoce), y 2) conceptos y líneas de trabajo que podrían contribuir a una agricultura sostenible (¿qué se debe conocer?).</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="152922">
                <text>2018</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="152923">
                <text>Agricultura sustentable, Cono Sur, agricultura intensiva, externalidades agrícolas, producción de granos</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="152924">
                <text>10.29166/siembra.v2i1.1443</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="152925">
                <text>Siembra</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="152926">
                <text>Universidad Central del Ecuador</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="152927">
                <text>Agriculture</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="152928">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://revistadigital.uce.edu.ec/index.php/SIEMBRA/article/view/1443" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://revistadigital.uce.edu.ec/index.php/SIEMBRA/article/view/1443&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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