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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Special attention to nurses’ protection during the COVID-19 epidemic</text>
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                <text>Li-Shan Huang, Guanwen Lin, Li Tang, Lingna Yu, Zhilai Zhou</text>
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                <text>Abstract As of March 8, 2020, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had caused 80,815 human infections and 3073 deaths in China, including more than 3000 infections among medical staff. Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China), a provincial emergency hospital, has treated more than 35 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 260 suspected cases. Most of nurses’ work involves direct contact with patients. As nurses have high vulnerability to COVID-19, it is necessary to establish hospital-specific protocols to reduce the risk of nurses’ infection in interactions with COVID-19 patients. Our hospital has maintained a “zero nurse infection” rate while battling SARS in 2003 and during the present COVID-19 epidemic. The following are the key measures implemented in our hospital.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2841-7</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Critical Care</text>
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                <text>BMC</text>
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                <text>Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>MERS-CoV pathogenesis and antiviral efficacy of licensed drugs in human monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12511">
                <text>Yu Cong, Brit J Hart, Robin Gross, Huanying Zhou, Matthew Frieman, Laura Bollinger, Jiro Wada, Lisa E. Hensley, Peter B. Jahrling, Julie Dyall, Michael R Holbrook</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) presents an emerging threat to public health worldwide by causing severe respiratory disease in humans with high virulence and case fatality rate (about 35%) since 2012. Little is known about the pathogenesis and innate antiviral response in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and dendritic cells (MDDCs) upon MERS-CoV infection. In this study, we assessed MERS-CoV replication as well as induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in MDMs and immature and mature MDDCs. Immature MDDCs and MDMs were permissive for MERS-CoV infection, while mature MDDCs were not, with stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine upregulation in MDMs, but not in MDDCs. To further evaluate the antiviral activity of well-defined drugs in primary antigen presenting cells (APCs), three compounds (chloroquine, chlorpromazine and toremifine), each with broad-spectrum antiviral activity in immortalized cell lines, were evaluated in MDMs and MDDCs to determine their antiviral effect on MERS-CoV infection. While chloroquine was not active in these primary cells, chlorpromazine showed strong anti-MERS-CoV activity, but it was associated with high cytotoxicity narrowing the potential window for drug utilization. Unlike in established cells, toremifene had marginal activity when tested in antigen presenting cells, with high apparent cytotoxicity, also limiting its potential as a therapeutic option. These results demonstrate the value of testing drugs in primary cells, in addition to established cell lines, before initiating preclinical or clinical studies for MERS treatment and the importance of carefully assessing cytotoxicity in drug screen assays. Furthermore, these studies also highlight the role of APCs in stimulating a robust protective immune response to MERS-CoV infection.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12513">
                <text>2018</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12514">
                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194868</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12515">
                <text>PLoS ONE</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12516">
                <text>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12517">
                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12518">
                <text>EN</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12519">
                <text>VAPiD: a lightweight cross-platform viral annotation pipeline and identification tool to facilitate virus genome submissions to NCBI GenBank</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12520">
                <text>Ryan C. Shean, Negar Makhsous, Graham D. Stoddard, Michelle J. Lin, Alexander L. Greninger</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12521">
                <text>Abstract Background With sequencing technologies becoming cheaper and easier to use, more groups are able to obtain whole genome sequences of viruses of public health and scientific importance. Submission of genomic data to NCBI GenBank is a requirement prior to publication and plays a critical role in making scientific data publicly available. GenBank currently has automatic prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome annotation pipelines but has no viral annotation pipeline beyond influenza virus. Annotation and submission of viral genome sequence is a non-trivial task, especially for groups that do not routinely interact with GenBank for data submissions. Results We present Viral Annotation Pipeline and iDentification (VAPiD), a portable and lightweight command-line tool for annotation and GenBank deposition of viral genomes. VAPiD supports annotation of nearly all unsegmented viral genomes. The pipeline has been validated on human immunodeficiency virus, human parainfluenza virus 1–4, human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses (229E/OC43/NL63/HKU1/SARS/MERS), human enteroviruses/rhinoviruses, measles virus, mumps virus, Hepatitis A-E Virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus, as well the human polyomaviruses BK/JC/MCV, human adenoviruses, and human papillomaviruses. The program can handle individual or batch submissions of different viruses to GenBank and correctly annotates multiple viruses, including those that contain ribosomal slippage or RNA editing without prior knowledge of the virus to be annotated. VAPiD is programmed in Python and is compatible with Windows, Linux, and Mac OS systems. Conclusions We have created a portable, lightweight, user-friendly, internet-enabled, open-source, command-line genome annotation and submission package to facilitate virus genome submissions to NCBI GenBank. Instructions for downloading and installing VAPiD can be found at https://github.com/rcs333/VAPiD.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12522">
                <text>2019</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12523">
                <text>Viral annotation, viral genomics, virus sequence, Data submission, NCBI, GenBank</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12524">
                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2606-y</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12525">
                <text>BMC Bioinformatics</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12526">
                <text>BMC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12527">
                <text>Biology (General), Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12528">
                <text>EN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12529">
                <text>Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI): results from the Egyptian surveillance study 2010–2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12530">
                <text>Ashraf Hatem, Sherif Mohamed, Usama E Abuelhassan, Eman A. M. Ismael, Magda S Rizk, Amany El-kholy, Mohamed El-Harras</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12531">
                <text>Abstract Background Respiratory viral and atypical bacterial infections data in Egyptian patients are sparse. This study describes the clinical features and outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in hospitalized patients in Egypt. Methods SARI surveillance was implemented at Cairo University Hospital (CUH) during the period 2010–2014. All hospitalized patients meeting the WHO case definition for SARI were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs were collected and samples were tested using RT-PCR for influenza A, B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), parainfluenza virus (PIV 1,2,3,4), adenovirus, bocavirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, rhinovirus, and atypical bacteria. Data were analyzed to calculate positivity rates for viral pathogens and determine which pathogens related to severe outcomes or resulted in death. Results Overall, 1,075/3,207 (33.5%) cases had a viral etiology, with a mean age of 5.74 (±13.87) years. The highest rates were reported for RSV (485 cases, 45.2%), PIV (125, 11.6%), and adenovirus (105, 9.8%). Children had a higher viral rate (981, 91.2%) compared to 94 (8.8%) cases in adults. Patients with identified viruses had significantly lower rates for ICU admission, hospital stay, mechanical ventilation, and overall mortality than those without identified viruses. No infections were independently associated with severe outcomes. Conclusions Viral pathogens were encountered in one-third of hospitalized adult and pediatric Egyptian patients with SARI, while atypical bacteria had a minor role. Highest rates of viral infections were reported for RSV, PIV, and adenovirus. Viral infections had neither negative impacts on clinical features nor outcomes of patients with SARI in our locality.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12532">
                <text>2019</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12533">
                <text>clinical, Outcomes, Viral, SARI, Egypt, Surveillance</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12534">
                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s40248-019-0174-7</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12535">
                <text>Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12536">
                <text>PAGEPress Publications</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12537">
                <text>Diseases of the respiratory system</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12538">
                <text>EN</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Regulation of the ER Stress Response by the Ion Channel Activity of the Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Envelope Protein Modulates Virion Release, Apoptosis, Viral Fitness, and Pathogenesis</text>
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                <text>Shu-Min Li, Li-xia Yuan, Guo Dai, Ruiai Chen, Ding Xiang Liu, To Sing Fung</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus (CoV) envelope (E) protein is a small structural protein critical for virion morphogenesis and release. The recently characterized E protein ion channel activity (EIC) has also been implicated in modulating viral pathogenesis. In this study, we used infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) as a model to study EIC. Two recombinant IBVs (rIBVs) harboring EIC-inactivating mutations – rT16A and rA26F – were serially passaged, and several compensatory mutations were identified in the transmembrane domain (TMD). Two rIBVs harboring these putative EIC-reverting mutations – rT16A/A26V and rA26F/F14N – were recovered. Compared with the parental rIBV-p65 control, all four EIC mutants exhibited comparable levels of intracellular RNA synthesis, structural protein production, and virion assembly. Our results showed that the IBV EIC contributed to the induction of ER stress response, as up-regulation of ER stress-related genes was markedly reduced in cells infected with the EIC-defective mutants. EIC-defective mutants also formed smaller plaques, released significantly less infectious virions into the culture supernatant, and had lower levels of viral fitness in cell culture. Significantly, all these defective phenotypes were restored in cells infected with the putative EIC revertants. EIC mutations were also implicated in regulating IBV-induced apoptosis, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and viral pathogenicity in vivo. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of CoV EIC in modulating virion release and various aspects of CoV – host interaction.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, Viroporin, ion channel activity, ER stress response, proinflammatory cytokine, pathogenesis</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03022</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>An Open Letter to All IJEMM Members on COVID–19</text>
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                <text>Mohammad Yeakub Ali</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dear IJEMM Members  I wanted to provide an update to the broader community of International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture (IJEMM) regarding our efforts to alleviate the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus.  The Editorial Board is deeply sympathised with the people suffering worldwide due the outbreak of pandemic COVID-19. We are closely monitoring the outbreak and implementing social isolation and other measures, according to World Health Organisation guidelines, to mitigate the impact on our members, volunteers and customers around the world. As the safety of people is of highest priority, our aim is to continue delivering our services for editors, reviewers, authors, readers, and other members to the highest possible standards using our online web-based platforms.  I trust that each of you is doing well and finding ways to cope with this challenging pandemic situation which is a test from God, the almighty. Please stay safe, do not panic, heighten your spirituality and seek forgiveness.  With thanks and regards,  Professor Ir. Dr. Mohammad Yeakub Ali Editor-In-Chief International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.26776/ijemm.05.01.2020.01</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture</text>
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                <text>Deer Hill Publications</text>
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                <text>Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                <text>The Effectiveness of Tax Relief Initiatives on SMEs in South Africa</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Yergenthren Naicker, Rajendra Rajaram</text>
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                <text>Tax relief initiatives have been introduced by the South African government in order to assistsmall business to grow and become sustainable. The high failure rate of businesses coupled with thealarmingly high rate of unemployment in the country is the main reason the government embarked onthese initiatives and strategies. The different tax initiatives available to qualifying small businessesinclude small business corporation tax and turnover tax. The research has been undertaken to determineif small business tax initiatives introduced by SARS are effective and are being utilised by smallbusinesses. A questionnaire was sent to eighty five small business owners to determine if they are awareof small business tax and turnover tax and also to determine if they are utilising these initiatives. Thefindings from this study reveal that approximately half of the respondents do not know about thesespecific tax initiatives. Only a small percentage of small business are eligible for small business tax andnone of the respondents in the sample are eligible for turnover tax. The majority of small businessowners agree and strongly agree that the initiatives introduced by the government are ineffective andneed to be revised.</text>
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                <text>2019</text>
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                <text>smes; sars; turnover tax; sbc rates</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: </text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Acta Universitatis Danubius: Oeconomica</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Danubius University</text>
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                <text>Business</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN, FR</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Intubation and mechanical ventilation of patients with COVID-19: what should we tell them?</text>
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                <text>Nicholas Zareifopoulos, Maria Lagadinou, Anastasia Karela, Gerasimos Karantzogiannis, Dimitrios Velissaris</text>
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                <text>Severe COVID-19 illness is characterised by the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), for which the mainstay of treatment is represented by mechanical ventilation. Mortality associated with ARDS due to other causes is in the range of 40-60%, but currently available data are not yet sufficient to draw safe conclusions on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients who require mechanical ventilation. Based on data from cohorts of the related coronavirus-associated illnesses, that is to say Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), prognosis would seem to be worse than ARDS due to other causes such as trauma and other infections. Discussion of prognosis is central to obtaining informed consent for intubation, but in the absence of definitive data it is not clear exactly what this discussion should entail.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1296</text>
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                <text>Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease</text>
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                <text>PAGEPress Publications</text>
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                <text>Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Rossella Di Trolio</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, causes and management, lung disease, potential drugs, prevention</text>
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