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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Biosurfactants: A Covid-19 Perspective</text>
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                <text>Pattanathu K S M Rahman, Stefano Gandolfi, Matthew L. Smith, Philippa M. Coshall</text>
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                <text>The recent outbreak in severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has demonstrated the complete inability of nations across the world to cope with the pressures of a global pandemic, especially one in which the only current feasible treatments are those which deal with the symptoms alone and not the viral cause. As the death toll rises, scientists begin to fall toward new avenues of research, with novelty showing itself to be an incredible and so far, underrated resource. In this case, the use of biosurfactants in dealing with this pandemic justifies extensive study with their potential applications being in the prevention of viral spread; dealing with the symptoms that develop after the incubation period; directly targeting viral infected cells and preventing the spread of the virus throughout the host, all in addition to also acting as potential drug delivery systems and cleaning agents. This extensive avenue of biosurfactants owes to the simplicity in their amphiphilic structure which permits them to interact directly with the lipid membrane of the coronavirus, in a way which wouldn't be of significant threat to the host. Although it could possibly interact and affect the virus, it could also affect human internal organs/cells by interacting with lipid membrane, if (biosurfactant is) ingested, and it still needs further studies in human models. The structure of the coronavirus, in this case SARS-CoV-2, is detrimentally dependent on the integrity of its lipid membrane which encloses its vital proteins and RNA. Biosurfactants possess the innate ability to threaten this membrane, a result of their own hydrophobic domains across their amphiphilic structure. With biosurfactants additionally being both natural and sustainable, while also possessing a remarkably low cytotoxicity, it is of no doubt that they are going to be of increasing significance in dealing with the current pandemic.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>drug delivery, biosurfactants, SOAP, hand wash, cleaning products, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01341</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Covid-19 Dynamic Monitoring and Real-Time Spatio-Temporal Forecasting</text>
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                <text>Patty Kostkova, Cecilia Cordeiro da Silva, Ana Clara Gomes da Silva, Eduardo Luiz Silva, Gabriel Souza Marques, Lucas Job Brito de Araújo, Luiz Antônio Albuquerque Júnior, Samuel Barbosa Jatobá de Souza, Valter Augusto de Freitas Barbosa, Anwar Musah, Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos, Abel Guilhermino da Silva Filho, Clarisse Lins de Lima, Maíra Araújo de Santana, Juliana Carneiro Gomes, Valter Augusto de Freitas Barbosa</text>
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                <text>Background: Periodically, humanity is often faced with new and emerging viruses that can be a significant global threat. It has already been over a century post—the Spanish Flu pandemic, and we are witnessing a new type of coronavirus, the SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for Covid-19. It emerged from the city of Wuhan (China) in December 2019, and within a few months, the virus propagated itself globally now resulting more than 50 million cases with over 1 million deaths. The high infection rates coupled with dynamic population movement demands for tools, especially within a Brazilian context, that will support health managers to develop policies for controlling and combating the new virus.Methods: In this work, we propose a tool for real-time spatio-temporal analysis using a machine learning approach. The COVID-SGIS system brings together routinely collected health data on Covid-19 distributed across public health systems in Brazil, as well as taking to under consideration the geographic and time-dependent features of Covid-19 so as to make spatio-temporal predictions. The data are sub-divided by federative unit and municipality. In our case study, we made spatio-temporal predictions of the distribution of cases and deaths in Brazil and in each federative unit. Four regression methods were investigated: linear regression, support vector machines (polynomial kernels and RBF), multilayer perceptrons, and random forests. We use the percentage RMSE and the correlation coefficient as quality metrics.Results: For qualitative evaluation, we made spatio-temporal predictions for the period from 25 to 27 May 2020. Considering qualitatively and quantitatively the case of the State of Pernambuco and Brazil as a whole, linear regression presented the best prediction results (thematic maps with good data distribution, correlation coefficient &amp;gt;0.99 and RMSE (%) &amp;lt;4% for Pernambuco and around 5% for Brazil) with low training time: [0.00; 0.04 ms], CI 95%.Conclusion: Spatio-temporal analysis provided a broader assessment of those in the regions where the accumulated confirmed cases of Covid-19 were concentrated. It was possible to differentiate in the thematic maps the regions with the highest concentration of cases from the regions with low concentration and regions in the transition range. This approach is fundamental to support health managers and epidemiologists to elaborate policies and plans to control the Covid-19 pandemics.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Spatiotemporal analysis, digital epidemiology, spatiotemporal forecasting, Covid-19 pandemics forecasting</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.3389/fpubh.2021.641253</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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                <text>Mid-term Prognostic Implication of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with Prior Heart Failure diagnosis.</text>
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                <text>Pau Llàcer, Luis Manzano, Cristina Fernández, Mari Carmen Moreno, Julio Núñez</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.ejim.2021.02.013</text>
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                <text>European journal of internal medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>COVID-19: The First 30 Days at a UK Level 1 Trauma Centre and Lessons Learnt.</text>
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                <text>Paul A Andrzejowski, Anthony Howard, James Shen Hwa Vun, Nauman Manzoor, Nikolaos Patsiogiannis, Nikolaos K Kanakaris, Peter V Giannoudis</text>
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                <text>Aims To analyse the learning points from the first 30 days of the COVID-19 lockdown at our institution. Patients &amp; methods Following ethical approval, data were collected prospectively on all patients admitted under orthopaedics between March 23, 2020, and April 22, 2020. This included baseline demographics (sex, age), biochemical (blood tests), radiological (chest X-ray (CXR), computed tomography (CT)), nature and mechanism of injury, comorbidities, regular medication, observations, specific respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, management, operations, time to theatre, and outcome including mortality incidence. The nature of injury and operations performed were compared to the same period of the previous year (2019). Results During the study period, 162 (74 males) patients were admitted, with a mean age of 60.7 (range 1-101, SD 2.1). On admission, 66 (41%) patients were tested for COVID, out of which eight (13.7%) patients tested positive. Subsequently, another four patients tested positive, who developed symptoms after admission. Four out 12 (33%) confirmed COVID patients died. During this period, 4/150 other patients also died of other causes (mortality incidence 2.6%). The average ages of COVID non-survivors vs survivors were 88, SD 1, vs 76, SD 12, respectively; 2/4 had concurrent diabetes and cancer, another cancer alone, and another complex autoimmune disease managed by immunosuppressive medication. Overall admissions significantly reduced by almost 50% compared with the previous year (162 vs 373, p=&lt;0.05), including cases of polytrauma (15 vs 33). Time to surgery was increased by an average of one day, mainly due to time taken for COVID-19 swab results to come back, and in positive patients, this was an average of 2.75 days (0-13). Lymphopenia was a useful biomarker of COVID, with levels significantly different between groups (p=&lt;0.05). Of the clinical symptoms assessed, 8/12 patients experienced positive chest symptoms or pyrexia but only four had positive CXR changes. Discussion &amp; lessons learnt Eight out of 12 patients who contracted COVID-19 survived without needing intensive care. Non-survivors were older with significant comorbidities. Lymphopenia is a good biomarker of the disease, but suspicious CXR was not sensitive for excluding it. Trauma volume reduced. We have highlighted significant changes to expect should there be a second wave of the virus. Key lessons learnt were that reduction in trauma volume and cessation of elective operating allowed for redeployment, including taking over the minor injury unit; more senior, consultant decision-makers 'at the front door' reduced unnecessary admissions. Increased use of conservative practice was effective at reducing operations required. Expedited COVID swab test processing allowed early de-escalation of isolation, reducing time to surgery. We expect approximately 12% of the typical orthopaedic population to be admitted with COVID, and up to 33% of these patients to die within 28 days of contracting the virus. The vast majority of patients, however, can be managed appropriately with ward-level care. An early decision on escalation and resuscitation status in the emergency department improves patient flow significantly. Remote working was effective and could be extended in the future. We have highlighted the significant changes to expect should there be a second wave of the virus and effective solutions for managing the problems that arise, which could be useful for other units.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, biomarker, hospital epidemiology, lessons learnt, orthopedics and trauma</text>
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                <text>10.7759/cureus.11547</text>
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                <text>Involvement of Autophagy in Coronavirus Replication</text>
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                <text>Paul Britton, Helena J. Maier</text>
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                <text>Coronaviruses are single stranded, positive sense RNA viruses, which induce the rearrangement of cellular membranes upon infection of a host cell. This provides the virus with a platform for the assembly of viral replication complexes, improving efficiency of RNA synthesis. The membranes observed in coronavirus infected cells include double membrane vesicles. By nature of their double membrane, these vesicles resemble cellular autophagosomes, generated during the cellular autophagy pathway. In addition, coronavirus infection has been demonstrated to induce autophagy. Here we review current knowledge of coronavirus induced membrane rearrangements and the involvement of autophagy or autophagy protein microtubule associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) in coronavirus replication.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/v4123440</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                <text>EN</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Lessons From the Pandemic: What Is Wrong and What Is Fixable in US Health Policy and Practice?</text>
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                <text>Paul C Erwin, Daniel M Fox, Colleen Grogan, Alfredo Morabia</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>10.2105/AJPH.2021.306179</text>
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                <text>American journal of public health</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Latent organizing for responding to emergencies: foundations for research</text>
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                <text>Paul C. van Fenema, A.  Georges L. Romme</text>
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                <text>Abstract Time and again, many organizations and their staff members must respond to unexpected catastrophes like hurricanes (e.g., Katrina), virus pandemics (e.g., COVID-19), or other major emergencies. As a result, some organizations allow their employees to respond to external emergencies by engaging in response actions for a limited time, like in the case of emergency response teams. The latter teams consist of employees that act as emergency response officers who can respond to floods, train crashes, or other emergencies. Emergency response teams constitute an example of so-called latent organizing (LO) in the preparation for and response to any (unpredictable) future emergency. While latent organizing is ubiquitous in a societal and professional sense, it has hardly been studied in the organization design literature. In this paper, we develop a research agenda for studying LO. LO serves to prepare for and respond to emergencies, but otherwise remains largely dormant and inactive. When it is inactive, host organizations use the LO’s human and other resources for their own gainful purposes. Resources for LO are thus organized in a quasi-permanent fashion, one that is rather latent until activated by an emergency. We further develop the construct of latency to explore how effective LO can be designed and facilitated. In addition, we develop a research agenda for future work in this area.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>routines, Capability, Resource Management, Organization Design, Emergency Response, Latent organizing</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s41469-020-00074-z</text>
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                <text>Journal of Organization Design</text>
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                <text>SpringerOpen</text>
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                <text>Management. Industrial management</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>The UK Government’s COVID-19 Policy: What Does “Guided by the Science” Mean in Practice?</text>
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                <text>Paul Cairney</text>
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                <text>UK government ministers state that their COVID-19 policy is “guided by the science.” In practice they mean “our scientists,” and initial UK government policy was highly consistent with that advice. Ministers formed strong relationships with key scientific advisors, relied on evidence from their Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), and ignored or excluded many other sources. I explore two types of lesson from this experience. First, UK studies of interest groups help explain the politics of expert advice. They show that the minister-adviser relationship is conditional on the ways in which the UK government assigns status to particular sources of science advice, and the willingness of those advisers to follow the “rules of the game,” within a wider political and policymaking context. Second, documentary analysis of SAGE minutes and meeting papers, and analysis of oral evidence to key House of Commons committees, shows high consistency between SAGE advice and UK government policy in the run up to lockdown. Ministers relied on their advisers to define the policy problem and identify feasible solutions throughout this period, while their advisors supported government policy and the right of ministers to make it. This new experience reflects and reinforces longstanding evidence from policy community studies: some experts remain core insiders if they advise on policies that they do not necessarily support, while outsiders have the freedom to criticize the policy they were unable to influence.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, interest groups, sage, insider-outsider relationships, science advice, UK government</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fpos.2021.624068</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Political science</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Entrevista a Carlos A. Scolari</text>
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                <text>Paul Capriotti, Virginia Silva Pintos</text>
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                <text>Carlos A. Scolari es un argentino que, después de graduarse en Comunicación Social en la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR-Argentina), vivió más de una década en Italia, donde en 2002 se doctoró con una tesis sobre semiótica de las interfaces y los procesos de interacción. En el año 2009 se integró al Departamento de Comunicación de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) de Barcelona, donde es catedrático de “Teoría y análisis de la comunicación digital interactiva”. Sus principales temas de investigación en estos años han sido el estudio de las transformaciones de la mediasfera desde una mirada eco-evolutiva y el análisis de fenómenos emergentes como las narrativas transmedia o las competencias que los jóvenes están desarrollando en las nuevas plataformas de comunicación. En esta entrevista con InMediaciones de la Comunicación, realizada en varios momentos durante las semanas de confinamiento por la expansión del coronavirus, Scolari pasa revista a diferentes cuestiones, desde los cambios en la ecología de medios hasta la emergencia de las narrativas transmedia, el desarrollo científicoteórico de la comunicación o cómo pensar la(s) crisis a partir del concepto de /interfaz/.</text>
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                <text>InMediaciones de la Comunicación</text>
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                <text>Universidad ORT Uruguay</text>
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                <text>Communication. Mass media</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://revistas.ort.edu.uy/inmediaciones-de-la-comunicacion/article/view/2964" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://revistas.ort.edu.uy/inmediaciones-de-la-comunicacion/article/view/2964&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Assessing City Governance for Low-Carbon Mobility in London</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Paul Drummond</text>
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                <text>City-level decisions are crucial for delivering a low carbon transition, particularly as urban population dynamics and environments change in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ensuring appropriate governance structures, mechanisms and resources to facilitate these decisions is therefore essential. Based on a systematic literature review by van der Heijden (2019), this paper develops a simple framework to assess the state of ten enabling factors for effective urban climate governance, and applies it to low-carbon passenger mobility in London. Drawing on documentary evidence and a series of semi-structured expert interviews, it finds that London’s city authorities have a strong capacity for autonomy, stakeholder participation, local leadership and coordination on climate action and mobility, of which they make extensive use. The national legal and political framework remains broadly supportive following the UK’s departure from the EU, but multi-level co-ordination is thin, and funding issues have intensified conflict over political jurisdiction since the pandemic began. Spatial variation in urban form and infrastructure, coupled with dual-layer city administration, complicate the socio-political landscape and drive for climate action in mobility.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>climate change, local government, urban transport, climate governance</text>
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                <text>10.3390/su13052480</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="42387">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="42388">
                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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